Fermentation of dietary fibre in the intestinal tract of rats — a comparison of flours with different extraction rates from six cereals     

Margareta Nyman  Nils-Georg Asp  Birthe Pedersen  Bjøorn O. Eggum 《Journal of Cereal Science》1985,3(3):207-219

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A longitudinal study of oestrous characteristics and conception in tie-stalled and loose-housed Swedish dairy cows     

S. Nyman  S. E. Malm  H. Gustafsson  B. Berglund 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2016,66(3):135-144

The presence and importance of visual oestrous symptoms and the relation to conception, breed, housing system and milk yield were studied. Data were collected from a Swedish research herd during a 16-year period. Local, secondary and primary oestrous symptoms and an overall oestrus intensity score (OI) were studied. Decreasing trends in oestrous expression and conception rates (CR), and an increase in CR with more intensive oestrus, from 24% at OI score one (very week) to 54% at OI score five (very strong) were observed. The mean interval from first to last observed oestrus symptom was long with a large variation (54?±?SD?=?32?h). Generally, irrespectively of housing system, Swedish Red cows had higher CR, more intensive oestruses and longer oestrus durations compared to Swedish Holstein cows. Local oestrous symptoms, with CR of 24–28%, were most frequently detected, which is why more attention should be paid to local oestrous symptoms.  相似文献   

Modelling carbon dynamics in mixed grass–red clover swards     

Bengt Torssell  Henrik Eckersten  Alois Kornher  Per Nyman  Ullalena Boström 《Agricultural Systems》2007

Growth and carbon dynamics in mixed grass–red clover leys were simulated using a growth model for pure stands based on radiation use, allocation within plant and loss of biomass. The model and its parameter values were taken from previous applications of the model to pure swards of grass and red clover grown in the same experiment at the same sites and years.  相似文献   

CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN NORMAL CANINE LIVER. EVALUATION OF IMAGING AND SAFETY PARAMETERS     

Helena T. Nyman  Annemarie T. Kristensen  Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen  Fintan J. McEvoy 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(3):243-250

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, a new imaging modality in veterinary medicine, can provide data on tissue perfusion. The objective of this study was to use the ultrasonographic contrast agent SonoVue to evaluate various transit time indices in the normal canine liver, to examine the effect of anesthesia on these parameters, and to evaluate the safety of this agent in dogs. The liver of 11 healthy dogs was studied by ultrasound during an intravenous bolus injection of SonoVue. Each dog underwent the examination twice, first with and later without the use of anesthesia. A time-intensity curve was generated from a selected region of interest within the liver from each scanning session. Ratios derived from peak enhancement, time to peak enhancement, up-slope and full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the curve were calculated from the time-intensity curves, and are reported. There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in peak enhancement, up-slope and FWHM between dogs that were anesthetized and dogs that were not. Time to peak enhancement, however, was significantly shorter when the dogs were anesthetized than when they were nonanesthetized (P < 0.05). There were no biologically significant changes in clinical laboratory findings. This study indicates that contrast-enhanced ultrasound using SonoVue gives reproducible liver perfusion data, and appears to be a safe and well-tolerated agent for use in dogs. When considering normal values, the use of anesthetic drugs has to be considered.  相似文献   

Cervical spinal intradural arachnoid cysts in related,young pugs     

C. Rohdin  H. T. Nyman  P. Wohlsein  K. Hultin Jäderlund 《The Journal of small animal practice》2014,55(4):229-234

Seven related young pugs were diagnosed with cervical spinal intradural arachnoid cysts by magnetic resonance imaging (n = 6) and myelography (n = 1). All dogs were presented with skin abrasions on their thoracic limbs and non‐painful neurological deficits, indicating a C1‐T2 myelopathy. In all six dogs examined by magnetic resonance imaging not only the spinal arachnoid cyst but also a concomitant, most likely secondary, syringohydromyelia was confirmed. Pedigree analysis suggested a genetic predisposition for spinal arachnoid cysts in this family of pugs. Generalised proprioceptive deficits more pronounced in the thoracic limbs suggesting a focal cervical spinal cord lesion, with concomitant skin abrasions on the dorsal aspect of the thoracic limbs in a young pug, should alert veterinarians to the possibility of cervical spinal arachnoid cysts.  相似文献   

Associations between bacterial genotype and outcome of bovine clinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis     

?sa Lundberg  Anna Aspán  Ann Nyman  Helle Ericsson Unnerstad  Karin Persson Waller 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):2

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of clinical mastitis in dairy cows worldwide. The cure rate after antimicrobial treatment of clinical S. aureus mastitis is very variable due to both cow and bacterial factors. Studies have shown that bacterial genotype might affect short-term bacteriological and clinical cure, but the long-term outcome has been less studied. The objectives of this study were to investigate associations between bacterial genotype and long-term outcome of veterinary-treated clinical mastitis (VTCM) caused by S. aureus during a follow-up period of 120 days and to study genotype variation among Swedish S. aureus isolates. S. aureus isolates from cases of VTCM were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Long-term outcome measurements used were somatic cell count (SCC), additional diagnoses of VTCM, milk yield and culling. Isolates were classified into clusters (>80% similarity) and pulsotypes (100% similarity). Clusters and pulsotypes were grouped according to occurrence. Multivariable mixed-effect linear regression models including cow and bacterial factors with possible influence on SCC or milk yield were used to calculate differences in SCC or milk yield between groups. Additional outcome measures were calculated using a test of proportions.

Results

The isolates (n = 185) were divided into 18 clusters and 29 pulsotypes. Two pulsotypes were classified as common, and were found in 64% of the cases of VTCM. Remaining isolates were classified as less common or rare pulsotypes. The distribution was similar at cluster level. Outcome was calculated from follow-up data on 111 cows. Significantly lower SCC during the follow-up period was found in cows infected with common clusters compared to in cows infected with less common/rare clusters. The proportion of cows with SCC <200 000 cells/ml during the whole follow-up period was significantly higher in the group common clusters than in the group less common/rare clusters. Bacterial genotype did not influence the other outcome parameters.

Conclusions

In Sweden, two S. aureus pulsotypes, identified in about 64% of clinical S. aureus cases, were widespread. Cows infected with the common genotypes had significantly lower SCC during 120 days after treatment compared to cows infected with less common or rare genotypes.  相似文献   

Ion Leaching Before and After Clear-Cutting in a Norway Spruce Stand - Effects of Long-Term Application of Ammonium Nitrate and Superphosphate     

Berdén  Maria  Nilsson  S. Ingvar  Nyman  Per 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,93(1-4):1-26

Soil solution chemistry was measured in a Haplic Podzol in a Norway spruce (Picea abies, L.Karst) site in central Sweden that had received frequent low-dose applications of nitrogen (N) asammonium nitrate (30-120 kg N/ha yr) and phosphorus (P) as superphosphate (20-40 kg P/haabout every third year) over a long period (22 yr). The aim was to investigate effects of added Non the ion leaching before and after clear-cutting. The N load corresponded well with actual loadsin central Europe. Prior to clear-cutting, fertilization increased concentrations of several ions inthe soil solution. Total losses of NO ₃ ^- , Al andH⁺ increased with the intensity of fertilization. However, since fertilization enhanced tree growthand nutrient uptake, differences between the total losses of several other ions tended to beequalized. After clear-cutting, the pH in the soil solution decreased, and the losses of Mn and Alincreased with fertilizer load, probably because of increased N mineralization and nitrification. Inthe N treatments the concentration of SO ₄ ^2- in the soil solution decreased, probably owing toincreased adsorption in the B horizon in response to the pH decrease. The effects ofanthropogenic N deposition are discussed in the light of our findings and possible causes oftemporal and spatial variation in soil solution chemistry and ion fluxes are suggested.  相似文献   

Determination of anthocyanidins in berries and red wine by high-performance liquid chromatography   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Nyman NA  Kumpulainen JT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(9):4183-4187

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of anthocyanidins from berries and red wine is described. Delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin contents of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), black currant (Ribes nigrum), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Jonsok), and a Cabernet sauvignon (Vitis vinifera) red wine were determined. The aglycon forms of the anthocyanins present in the samples were revealed by acid hydrolysis. A reversed phase analytical column was employed to separate the anthocyanidins before identification by diode array detection. The suitability of the method was tested by determining the recovery (95-102% as aglycons and 69-104% from glycosides) for each anthocyanidin. Method repeatability was tested by charting the total aglycon content of two samples over a period of 14 analyses and determining the coefficients of variation (1.41% for bilberry and 2.56% for in-house reference material). The method developed proved thus to be effective for reliable determination of anthocyanidins from freeze-dried berry samples and red wine. The total anthocyanidin content of the tested samples was as follows: in-house reference material, 447 +/- 8 mg/100 g; strawberry, 23.8 +/- 0.4 mg/100 g; black currant, 135 +/- 3 mg/100 g; bilberry, 360 +/- 3 mg/100 g; and Cabernet sauvignon red wine, 26.1 +/- 0.1 mg/100 mL.  相似文献   

Antioxidants, low molecular weight carbohydrates, and total antioxidant capacity in strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa): effects of cultivar, ripening, and storage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Olsson ME  Ekvall J  Gustavsson KE  Nilsson J  Pillai D  Sjöholm I  Svensson U  Akesson B  Nyman MG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(9):2490-2498

Four cultivars of strawberries (Senga Sengana, BFr77111, Elsanta, and Honeoye) were studied for their content of antioxidants, total antioxidant capacity, and low molecular weight carbohydrates in relation to harvest year, ripening stage, and cold storage. For ascorbic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, and total antioxidative capacity, measured in both water-soluble and water-insoluble extracts, there was a 2-5-fold variation among cultivars. Unripe berries contained lower concentrations of chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid and also quercetin and kaempferol compared with riper berries. During cold storage for up to 3 days, relatively few changes in the concentration of the different antioxidants occurred. The concentrations of several investigated parameters were interrelated, for example, for ascorbic acid and water-soluble antioxidant capacity and for ellagic acid and water-insoluble antioxidant capacity. The dominating sugars in strawberries were fructose and glucose, but considerable amounts of sucrose were also present, and their contents varied among cultivars, giving a predicted glycemic index of approximately 81. Verbascose, raffinose, and stachyose were found in only minor amounts. The study shows that the concentration of a number of bioactive compounds in strawberries varied according to cultivar, ripening stage, and storage. This information should make it possible to select strawberries with an optimal content of bioactive compounds.  相似文献   

Atelectasis causes gas exchange impairment in the anaesthetised horse   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

G Nyman  B Funkquist  C Kvart  C Frostell  L Tokics  A Strandberg  H Lundquist  B Lundh  B Brismar  G Hedenstierna 《Equine veterinary journal》1990,22(5):317-324

The anatomical basis of gas exchange impairment in the anaesthetised horse was studied by computerised tomography (CT; three shetland ponies) and morphological analysis (one pony and three horses). By means of CT, densities were seen in dependent lung regions early during anaesthesia, both with spontaneous breathing and with mechanical ventilation. The densities remained for some time where they had initially been created when the animal was turned from dorsal to sternal recumbency. Deep insufflation of the lungs reduced the dense area. Gas exchange was impaired roughly in proportion to the dense area. On histological analysis, the densities were atelectatic and congested with blood. Gravimetry showed no more extravascular water per unit lung tissue in the atelectatic than in the 'normal' regions, and the blood content was increased only slightly. It is concluded that the horse develops atelectasis in dependent lung regions early during anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency, and that atelectasis is the most likely explanation for the large shunt and impaired arterial oxygenation regularly seen during anaesthesia.  相似文献