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This paper describes the causes of death of 54 maras (Dolichotis patagonum) in a captive colony in Mexico over a period of seven years. There were 35 adults, 11 juveniles, five neonates, two fetuses and one stillbirth--27 males, 21 females and six whose sex was not determined. Trauma was the cause of 25 deaths, and there were eight cases of fatal bacterial infection. Besnoitiosis was the only parasitic disease found frequently (13 cases), and was associated with fatal interstitial pneumonia in three juveniles. Right-sided hypertrophic cardiomyopathy attributed to high altitude was observed in 26 maras, and in three cases death was attributed to acute cardiac dysfunction. Two maras died of disseminated histoplasmosis and two of hyperthermia. Additional causes of death included one case each of uterine torsion, intestinal intussusception, aspiration pneumonia and hydranencephaly. Gastric erosions with luminal haemorrhage were found in 27 of the maras and splenic lymphoid depletion in 20, changes that were attributed to stress. 相似文献
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Michael W. Hyatt Arely G. Rosas-Rosas Jeffrey C. Wolf Salvatore Frasca Jr. 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2015,27(4):203-208
An aquarium-maintained female Red Irish Lord Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus presented with severe coelomic distension. The fish was anesthetized for ultrasonographic examination, which highlighted multiple cyst-like lesions in the liver and a distended ovary that was filled with follicles and an inspissated egg mass. Multiple exploratory celiotomies were performed for egg mass removal, liver biopsy, ovariosalpingectomy, and body wall rupture repair. Fourteen weeks after original presentation, and subsequent to 2 weeks of anorexia, the fish died. At necropsy, the liver was severely enlarged and distorted by multiple, coalescing, cyst-like spaces with no grossly normal liver parenchyma. The spleen also contained a raised cyst-like structure. Microscopically, the liver had well-demarcated foci of hepatocyte loss with retained meshworks of interconnected, perisinusoidal stellate cells. The fluid-filled spaces surrounded by stellate cells were not lined by epithelium or endothelium. The spleen had similar fluid-filled spaces formed of stellate cells. The cyst-like lesions in the liver were consistent with spongiosis hepatis; however, the concurrent development of a morphologically comparable lesion in the spleen is not typical of spongiosis hepatis cases. This case may represent the first report of spontaneously occurring spongiosis hepatis in a fish maintained in a public aquarium, as well as the first report in a fish of spongiosis hepatis-like lesions in an organ other than the liver.
Received May 19, 2015; accepted September 3, 2015 相似文献
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Pedro E Saucedo Arely Martínez-López & Jorge I Cáceres-Puig 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(11):1301-1309
The combined effects of temperature and diet on the growth and biochemical composition of juveniles of the pearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica at the hatchery were investigated. Specimens were subjected to a combination of four temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 29 °C) and five microalgal diets ( Isochrysis galbana alone, I. galbana + Pavlova salina, I. galbana + Chaetoceros muelleri, C. muelleri + P. salina and I. galbana + P. salina + C. muelleri ). An increase in shell height occurred in a linear pattern, while wet weight gain fitted a power law. Temperature, more than diet, exerted a stronger influence on the growth and condition of the specimens. The combination of 29 °C with P. salina+C. muelleri led to the fastest growth in shell height, while the combination of 29 °C with I. galbana + C. muelleri led to the highest wet and dry weight biomass. In contrast, specimens grew significantly less in shell height and wet weight at 20 °C, regardless of the diet. At all temperatures, the monoalgal diet of I. galbana led to the slowest growth of specimens, but in turn favoured the highest levels of protein, carbohydrate and lipid reserves as a possible strategy to store more energy reserves under stressful events. 相似文献
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Arely Ramírez-García Omar Domínguez-Domínguez Eugenia López-López Rodrigo Moncayo-Estrada José De La Cruz-Agüero 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2023,32(1):53-63
In spring lakes, which have homogeneous environmental characteristics, it is expected that there will be no significant changes in the composition and structure of communities over time, and fluctuations will generally be related to the ecological attributes of the species. We studied the fish community in a small subtropical spring lake, Lake Zacapu, for two different decades to analyse its structural characteristics. Sampling was performed every 3 months at four sites from January to October 1995 and from May 2019 to May 2020. We determined the temporal variation (seasonal and decadal) in the fish community structure with respect to composition, abundance, diversity and dominance. We evaluated the association between species and water quality. Our results showed spatial homogeneity in most physicochemical variables that remained in the same range across decades, although some nutrients (NO3) recently increased. All species identified in the early samples were present in the recent surveys (eleven native and two nonnative species), indicating that the fish community composition had significant qualitative stability. However, the dominant littoral cyprinid in 1995 was replaced by the more limnetic atherinopsid in 2019–2020, and the diversity and abundance of sensitive fish decreased in recent samplings. Consequently, the current status of critically endangered species is supported for some restricted and microendemic fish. The changes in the community structure attributes, which show a tendency for reduction in native species, emphasise the need to implement efforts to conserve freshwater fish diversity in small spring lakes. 相似文献
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