35?Jahre EG-Richtlinie (69/465/EWG) zur Bek?mpfung des Kartoffelnematoden     

Michael Arndt 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2004,77(1):142-144

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Occurrence of naturally acetylated lignin units   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Del Río JC  Marques G  Rencoret J  Martínez AT  Gutiérrez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5461-5468

This work examines the occurrence of native acetylated lignin in a large set of vascular plants, including both angiosperms and gymnosperms, by a modification of the so-called Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) method. Acetylated lignin units were found in the milled wood lignins of all angiosperms selected for this study, including mono- and eudicotyledons, but were absent in the gymnosperms analyzed. In some plants (e.g., abaca, sisal, kenaf, or hornbeam), lignin acetylation occurred at a very high extent, exceeding 45% of the uncondensed (alkyl-aryl ether linked) syringyl lignin units. Acetylation was observed exclusively at the gamma-carbon of the lignin side chain and predominantly on syringyl units, although a predominance of acetylated guaiacyl over syringyl units was observed in some plants. In all cases, acetylation appears to occur at the monomer stage, and sinapyl and coniferyl acetates seem to behave as real lignin monomers participating in lignification.  相似文献   

Developments in the nutrition of Menidia estor Jordan 1880     

Carlos A Martínez-Palacios  Maria Gisela Ríos-Durán  Jorge Fonseca Madrigal  Mayra Toledo Cuevas  Angela Sotelo López  & Lindsay G Ross 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(7):738-747

The Mexican silverside, Menidia estor, is a species with great regional importance and with very high prices in local markets. Unfortunately, due to high fisheries pressure, environmental degradation and pollution, the species has become endangered. Recently, there has been much progress in the biotechnology of this species, aimed at its culture, and the present paper describes the advances in feeding and nutrition of those important fish. M. estor is a stomachless, zooplantophagous fish, which also occasionally feeds on small fish and crustaceans in the adult stage. Studies on the digestive enzymatic activities show high proteolytic capacity and a late or different model of digestive maturation from that described for marine stomach fish. Nutritional studies on M. estor have shown that juveniles have dietary requirements of about 400 g kg^?1 protein and 80 mg kg^?1 vitamin C. The upper level of dietary carbohydrate for good growth and survival for juveniles is about 150 g kg^?1. Based on the high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in flesh when fed on diets low in DHA, it is believed that the species has the capacity to biosynthetize >20‐carbon fatty acids from 18‐carbon fatty acids. The high levels of DHA in flesh makes this fish a very significant potential component of human nutrition. Using these findings the first practical diets for commercial culture of the species have been developed.  相似文献   

Serum pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in sheep and calves and tissue residues in sheep following a single intramuscular injection of a long-acting preparation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Craigmill AL  Holland RE  Robinson D  Wetzlich S  Arndt T 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2000,23(6):345-352

The pharmacokinetics of a long‐acting oxytetracycline (OTC) formulation (Liquamycin® LA‐200®) injected intramuscularly (i.m.) at a dose of 20 mg/kg were determined in four calves and 24 sheep to determine if the approved label dose for cattle provided a similar serum time/concentration profile in sheep. The AUC for the calves was 168±14.6 (μg ? h/mL) and was significantly less than the AUC for sheep (209±43 μg ? h/mL). Using the standard two‐stage approach and a one‐compartment model, the mean Cmax for the calves was 5.2±0.8 μg/mL, and for the sheep was 6.1±1.3 μg/mL. The mean terminal phase rate constants were 0.031 and 0.033 h, and the Vdss were 3.3 and 3.08 L/kg for the calves and sheep respectively. Analysis of the data using the standard two‐stage approach, the naive pooled‐data approach and a population model gave very similar results for both the cattle and sheep data. Sheep tissue residues of OTC in serum, liver, kidney, fat, muscle and injection site were measured at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after a single i.m. injection of 20 mg/kg OTC. Half‐lives of OTC residues in the tissues were 38.6, 33.4, 28.6, 25.4, 21.3, and 19.9 h for injection site, kidney, muscle, liver, mesenteric fat and renal fat, respectively. The ratio of tissue to serum concentration was fairly consistent at all slaughter times, except for the fat and injection sites. The mean ratios were 1.72, 4.19, 0.11, 0.061, 0.84 and 827 for the liver, kidney, renal fat, mesenteric fat, muscle and injection sites, respectively. The tissue concentrations of OTC residues were below the established cattle tolerances for OTC in liver (6 p.p.m.), muscle (2 p.p.m.) and kidney (12 p.p.m.) by 48 h, and in injection site muscle by 14 days after the single i.m. injection of 20 mg/kg.  相似文献   

Detection and quantification of equine herpesvirus-1 viremia and nasal shedding by real-time polymerase chain reaction.     

Stephen B Hussey  Rodney Clark  Katharine F Lunn  Cormac Breathnach  Gisela Soboll  J Millar Whalley  D Paul Lunn 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(4):335-342

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection is common in young horses throughout the world, resulting in respiratory disease, epidemic abortion, sporadic myelitis, or latent infections. To improve on conventional diagnostic tests for EHV-1, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was developed, using primers and probes specific for the EHV-1 gB gene. Amplification efficiencies of 100% +/- 5% were obtained for DNA isolated from a plasmid, infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and nasal secretions from infected ponies. The dynamic range of the assay was 8 log10 dilutions, and the lower limit of detection was 6 DNA copies. Fifteen ponies, seronegative for EHV-1, were experimentally infected with EHV-1, and nasal samples were used to quantify shedding of virus by both virus isolation and real-time PCR analysis. Virus isolation identified nasal shedding of EHV-1 in 12/15 ponies on a total of 25 days; real-time PCR detected viral shedding in 15/15 ponies on 75 days. Viremia was quantified using PBMC DNA, subsequent to challenge infection in 3 additional ponies. Viremia was identified in 1/3 ponies on a single day by virus isolation; real-time PCR detected viremia in 3/3 ponies on 17 days. When real-time PCR was used to analyze PBMC DNA from 11 latently infected ponies (documented by nested PCR), EHV-1 was not detected. We conclude that real-time PCR is a sensitive and quantitative test for EHV-1 nasal shedding and viremia and provides a valuable tool for EHV-1 surveillance, diagnosis of clinical disease, and investigation of vaccine efficacy.  相似文献   

Neue Strategien gegen Kartoffelnematoden?     

M. Arndt 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2006,58(1):9-11

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Vergleich von Nachweismethoden für Kartoffelzystennematoden (Globodera spp.) im Hinblick auf eine Qualitätssicherung von Diagnosen geregelter Schadorganismen     

Michael Arndt 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2007,59(2):67-70

Testing for PCN is indispensable in EC seed potato production, to avoid a further spread or introduction of this pest. Till now methods for sampling and detection are varying between member states and even within Germany. Therefore in order to obtain comparable results within a new PCN directive the procedure will be regulated by EPPO standard diagnostic protocols, like it is the case for testing Globodera spp. resistance of potato varieties. The Bavarian plant protection service hopes, that beside cyst extraction by flotation the bioassay will be part of the new EPPO standard. The bioassy – in contrast to PCR methods – is well established and allows a reliable discrimination not only of PCN species but also of races and pathotypes. Results of a long-time survey demonstrate clearly, that bioassay and cyst extraction yield comparable results provided quality assurance criteria are met.  相似文献   

Einfluss assoziativer rhizosphärenbakterien auf die äHrstoffaufnahme und den Ertrag von Mais     

Gisela Höflich  Erik Tappe  Günter Kühn  Wolfgang Wiehe 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):323-333

In mehrjährigen Feldversuchen (1990–1995) in Nordostdeutschland wurde der Einfluß selektierter assoziativer Rhizosphärenbakterien auf den Ertrag und die Nährstoffaufnahme bei Mais untersucht.

Der Trockenmasse‐ und Kolbenertrag zur Siloreife bzw. der Samenertrag wurde durch die Bakterienstämme Pseudomonas fluorescens (PsIA12), Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A1A4), Rhizobium trifolii (R39) und z.T. durch Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (PsIB2) in den Jahren 1990 bis 1995 auf lehmigen Sandböden wiederholt signifikant, auf sandigem Lehm zum Teil signifikant erhöht. Maissorten können unterschiedlich auf die Bakterieninokulation reagieren. Die Bakterien stimulierten insbesondere bei Jungpflanzen die Wurzelentwicklung und die Nährstoffaufnahme (N, P, K) aus dem Boden. Sie bildeten Phytohormone (Auxine und z.T. Cytokinine) und überlebten, auch unter Feldbedingungen, im Rhizosphärenraum von Mais während der gesamten Vegetation.  相似文献   

Balaustium murorum (Hermann, 1804) (Acarina,Erythraeidae) in Häusern. Eine wenig beachtete sommerliche Milbenplage     

Gisela Rack 《Journal of pest science》1973,46(9):129-132

Zusammenfassung Fünf in der BRD erstmalig registrierte Fälle von mehr oder weniger starkem Auftreten vonBalaustium murorum (Hermann, 1804) in oder an Häusern, von denen Material der Verfasserin zur Untersuchung vorlag, werden aufgeführt. Ferner werden Beobachtungen von C. F.van de Bund in den Niederlanden und I. M.Newell in Nordamerika erwähnt. Bei letzteren ist wichtig, daß Vertreter der GattungBalaustium, von denen einige offensichtlich Pflanzenfresser sind, auch den Menschen angreifen und Bakterien übertragen können.

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Summary Five cases of more or less heavy appearance ofBalaustium murorum (Hermann, 1804) in or at houses are represented, at first observed in West Germany by the writer. Observations from the Netherlands and North America are mentioned. The latter ones are important because species ofBalaustium may feed on plants but also may attack man and transmit bacteria.

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A retrospective evaluation of doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy for dogs with right atrial masses and pericardial effusion     

S. Ghaffari  D. C. Pelio  A. J. Lange  J. W. Arndt  J. D. Chretin  S. C. Fiocchi  D. Bianco  R. K. Nakamura 《The Journal of small animal practice》2014,55(5):254-257

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