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Nickolas G. Kavallieratos Maria C. Boukouvala Artemis Phoebe A. Pappa Angelo Canale Giovanni Benelli 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):5230-5236
BACKGROUND
Sublethal effects of insecticides may negatively affect several biological and behavioral traits of insects. The lethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr have been previously showed on Trogoderma granarium, but little knowledge is available about their sublethal effects at low concentrations on both sexes. Herein, the sublethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr on the mobility of T. granarium males and females were investigated.RESULTS
Lethal concentration (LC) values of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr were lower for T. granarium females than males. LC values on males were LC10 = 0.000788 and 0.00139 mg active ingredient (a.i.) cm−2, LC30 = 0.00350 and 0.00535 mg a.i. cm−2, and LC50 = 0.00986 and 0.0136 mg a.i. cm−2 for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. LC on females were LC10 = 0.000704 and 0.00110 mg a.i. cm−2, LC30 = 0.00323 and 0.00428 mg a.i. cm−2, and LC50 = 0.00925 and 0.0110 mg a.i. cm−2 for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. The walking duration of beetles exposed to LC30 of pirimiphos-methyl was significantly lower than the individuals exposed to LC10 and LC30 of both insecticides and control ones. Pirimiphos-methyl LC30-exposed males remained more time on their back (101.7 s) than females (46.9 s), while the latter stayed immobile longer than males (381.7 s versus 371.9 s). The highest speed was recorded for control beetles (14.17 mm s−1 females vs. 12.44 mm s−1 males), while the lowest speed was observed in pirimiphos-methyl LC30-treated males (8.36 mm s−1) and females (9.66 mm s−1).CONCLUSIONS
Overall, males and females exposed to low concentrations of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr showed reduced motility. This knowledge can be exploited further to unlock behavioral effects of insecticides for effective pest management programs in warehouses. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献2.
Kawahara Y Zinshteyn B Sethupathy P Iizasa H Hatzigeorgiou AG Nishikura K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5815):1137-1140
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Bacterial communities associated with the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne fallax egg masses were compared with those present in the rhizoplane. Two agricultural soils with different nematode population dynamics were used in a glasshouse study, with either potato or tomato as host plant for the nematode. DNA fingerprints and bacterial community level physiological profiles (CLPP) were studied using PCR-DGGE of 16S rRNA genes and Biolog Eco MicroPlates. CLPP and DNA fingerprinting both showed differences between egg mass and rhizoplane bacterial communities. PCR-DGGE showed some bands specific to the egg mass samples. These bands were present in egg masses from both soils. This study shows that egg masses of M. fallax have a distinct bacterial community from that of the adjacent rhizoplane. Soil and host plant factors interactively influence the bacterial egg mass community. Differences in nematode population dynamics between the sample sites cannot be clearly related to the observed differences in the egg mass microbial communities. 相似文献
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Yang GAO Huanping GUO Paul Franck Adjou MOUMOUNI Mingming LIU Jixu LI Artemis EFSTRATIOU Eloiza May GALON Rochelle Haidee YBANEZ Tatsunori MASATANI Takehisa SOMA Xuenan XUAN 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(11):1662
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant SAG1-related sequence 2 of Toxoplasma gondii (rTgSRS2) was developed to detect toxoplasmosis in cats. The specificity and sensitivity of rTgSRS2 ELISA were confirmed using a series of serum samples from T. gondii-experimentally infected mice. A total of 76 field samples from cats were examined by the developed ELISA. The rTgSRS2 ELISA showed a good diagnostic performance characterized by high concordance (88.16) and kappa value (0.76) with latex agglutination test (LAT). The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 92.68% and 82.86%, respectively. These results suggest that the ELISA based on rTgSRS2 could be a useful tool for serodiagnosis of T. gondii infection in cats. 相似文献
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Artemis Rumbou Susanne von Bargen Rana Demiral Juliane Langer Markus Rott Risto Jalkanen 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2016,31(6):546-560
A viral epidemic associated with the Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) has emerged in Betula species in Fennoscandia, exhibiting quick and effective spread during the last 15 years. A population genetics approach is chosen in order to characterise the virus diversity and the sources of genetic variation aiming to investigate the epidemiology of the pathogen. In a CLRV population from Rovaniemi urban parks and a population that occurred after infecting young Betula seedlings with scions from the original Finnish trees, the genetic diversity is found to be remarkably high, mixed infections by CLRV variants from different phylogenetic groups are detected in single trees, while recombination is evidenced to occur. The estimated genetic variability is high and the CLRV haplotypes detected exhibit clear clustering and belong to different phylogenetic groups. The structure of the viral population reveals a pathogen with high evolutionary potential assumed to carry on its effective spread. 相似文献
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Artemis Rumbou Cesare Gessler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(4):379-392
Oilspots of the Plasmopara viticola population in a Greek vineyard over 2 years were collected and the pathogen genotyped with the use of four microsatellite loci. In 2001, five samplings occurred and 327 lesions were collected, which were classified to 23 genotypes. In 2002, the 426 lesions collected in four samplings belonged to 54 genotypes. A reproducible pattern of the evolution of the epidemic was exhibited that can be described as 'predominance-of-one-clone'. In 2001, the predominant clone covered 72–92% of each sample, while in 2002 the incidence of the predominant clone was 38–90%. The remaining genotypes showed low clonal reproduction and dispersal. Oosporic infections occurred throughout the season. The severity and the diversity in 2002 were, however, higher than in 2001 and this was not in accordance with the climatic conditions, suggesting that other factors, like the epidemic of the previous year, also influence the epidemic of the disease. These results produce new concepts about the epidemiology of the pathogen. 相似文献
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Artemis Rumbou Susanne von Bargen Carmen Büttner 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(3):527-532
The wide natural incidence of Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) in deciduous forest trees and nurseries in northern Europe is believed to have occurred, apart from occasional mechanical
spread and transmission through grafting, mainly by seed transmission. The mode of the vertical transmission and its role
in the epidemiology of the virus has not been investigated, basically due to the inconvenient host-pathogen combinations studied
to date. With the aim of obtaining an appropriate system for identification of viral genes and products participating in infection
processes and seed transmission of CLRV, we performed infection and seed transmissibility tests with CLRV in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Two phylogenetically and serologically different CLRV isolates were tested. Both of them were found able to infect
A. thaliana plants, exhibited clear symptoms of the infection and spread systemically in the plants. Infection of the seeds and of a
remarkable number of seedlings generated from infected seeds was possible for two consecutive generations. These results,
for first time, report seed transmission of CLRV in the model plant A. thaliana and allow the assumption to be made of embryo invasion during seed transmission. Furthermore, first indications are given
that genetically diverse CLRV isolates exhibit different abilities for vertical transmission in A. thaliana. The CLRV-A. thaliana model system is suitable for investigating viral invasion of developing plant organs and meristematic tissue, a prerequisite
for successful virus dissemination via vertical transmission through seed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Plasmopara viticola populations collected from three islands in the Ionian Sea-an arm of the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Greece-were analyzed with microsatellite molecular markers in order to investigate the pathogen population structure. Downy mildew populations from mainland regions previously studied were found to have high genotypic diversity and limited clonality; however, populations under Mediterranean island conditions mostly showed limited variation and the epidemics basically were driven by the multiple clonal infections of one or a few genotypes. Populations from different islands were differentiated from each other, whereas genetic divergence also was found among subpopulations of the same plot. Polyploid individuals and individuals that overwintered in asexual form were observed in some cases. The findings obtained by this population genetics study improve our understanding of the biology of the pathogen and lead to potential alternative control measures for the disease. 相似文献
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Lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of tripalmitin with hazelnut oil fatty acids and stearic acid to produce human milk fat substitutes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Structured lipids (SLs) containing palmitic, oleic, stearic, and linoleic acids, resembling human milk fat (HMF), were synthesized by enzymatic acidolysis reactions between tripalmitin, hazelnut oil fatty acids, and stearic acid. Commercially immobilized sn-1,3-specific lipase, Lipozyme RM IM, obtained from Rhizomucor miehei was used as the biocatalyst for the enzymatic acidolysis reactions. The effects of substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the incorporation of stearic and oleic acids were investigated. The acidolysis reactions were performed by incubating 1:1.5:0.5, 1:3:0.75, 1:6:1, 1:9:1.25, and 1:12:1.5 substrate molar ratios of tripalmitin/hazelnut oil fatty acids/stearic acid in 3 mL of n-hexane at 55, 60, and 65 degrees C using 10% (total weight of substrates) of Lipozyme RM IM for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The fatty acid composition of reaction products was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The fatty acids at the sn-2 position were identified after pancreatic lipase hydrolysis and GLC analysis. The results showed that the highest C18:1 incorporation (47.1%) and highest C18:1/C16:0 ratio were obtained at 65 degrees C and 24 h of incubation with the highest substrate molar ratio of 1:12:1.5. The highest incorporation of stearic acid was achieved at a 1:3:0.75 substrate molar ratio at 60 degrees C and 24 h. For both oleic and stearic acids, the incorporation level increased with reaction time. The SLs produced in this study have potential use in infant formulas. 相似文献
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