Is the transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection through milk intended to feed calves an overlooked item in paratuberculosis control programs?     

Steuer  Pamela  Collado  Bernardita  Avilez  Carolina  Tejeda  Carlos  Soto  Juan P.  Salgado  Miguel 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):89-94

Tropical Animal Health and Production - As in many parts of the world, Chile shows a high Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection rate. Evidently, the control recommendations...  相似文献   

Metabolic responses of matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), exposed to environmental nitrite     

Ive Marchioni Avilez  Lucia Helena de Aguiar  Tiago Silvestre Hori  Gilberto Moraes 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(4):596-603

Nitrite is usually found in aquatic environments where nitrification process occurs. This ion can cause several injuries to aquatic species, particularly fish. Nitrite reacts with haemoglobin yielding the non‐functional methaemoglobin, which leads to many physiological consequences such as functional anaemia and supposed hypoxia. Metabolism of the freshwater teleost matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, exposed to environmental 0.6 mg L^?1 of nitrite N‐NO₂^? for 96 h was studied, and the fermentative/oxidative preference was gauged. Concentrations of glycogen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate and ammonia, plus the activities of lactate, glutamate and malate dehydrogenase were assayed. The exposure resulted in a metabolic profile that allowed inferring the continuity of oxidative metabolism. Catabolism of amino acids prevailed or was apparently exacerbated by inferred branchial injury and consequent impairment of nitrogen excretion. Moreover, the studied enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase from brain and heart were little affected by nitrite. The expected fermentative metabolism due to the high methaemoglobin formation was not observed.  相似文献