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Stegeman JA Rambags PG van der Heijden HM Elbers AR Hunneman WA 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,93(1):57-67
In this study, the rate of S. scabiei var. suis transmission among finishing pigs was quantified in a contact transmission experiment. Forty piglets originating from a mange free farrow-to-finish herd were randomly allocated to three groups and one S. scabiei var. suis infested finishing pig was subsequently added to each of these groups. After 35 days, the three seeder pigs were removed from the groups and the remaining 40 pigs were re-allocated to five pens. Ear scrapings, to be examined for mites, were collected from each pig on days 1, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 84 of the experiment. Blood samples, to be tested for antibodies against S. scabiei, were collected from each pig on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 112 after the introduction of the seeder pigs.From the results of the ear scrapings and the blood samples the number of susceptible (not infested) and infested pigs was derived at the time of each sample collection and the number of new infestations in the intervals between the sample collections. From these data the infestation rate parameter beta (average number of new infestations per infested pig per day) was estimated by use of a Generalised Linear Model (GLM) and accordingly, beta was estimated at 0.056 (95% CI: 0.037-0.085) infestations per infested pig per day.Next, by use of beta, the transmission of S. scabiei was simulated in a population of 100 finishing pigs for 100 days after the introduction of a single infested pig. For this purpose, 500 simulations were done. The 90% confidence interval of the number of infested pigs at day 100 ranged from 12 to 88 (median: 63). It was concluded that transmission of S. scabiei among finishing pigs is slow. Due to the presumed lower contact rate between sows as compared to finishing pigs, it is anticipated that transmission of S. scabiei among sows will even be slower than among finishers These findings are of particular interest for the development of surveillance programmes for S. scabiei free herds. 相似文献
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van der Heijden HM Rambags PG Elbers AR van Maanen C Hunneman WA 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,89(1-2):95-107
An Enzyme-linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of antibodies to Sarcoptes scabiei. This 'Animal Health Service'-ELISA (AHS-ELISA) was compared with a commercial test (Checkit(R) Sarcoptest) using experimental and field sera. The experimental study was a contact infestation experiment. Eighty piglets were randomly divided between the experimental and control group. After introduction of three Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis infested pigs in the experimental group, both groups were monitored by determining scratching indices, taking ear scrapings and blood samples in Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16. Four pigs in the control group were immunised with either Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) antigens (n=2), or Acarus siro (As) antigens (n=2). In the control group all (non-immunised) pigs were negative in all tests. In the experimental group only slightly elevated scratching indices were observed, with a maximum in Week 8. After 2 weeks for the first time an ear scraping was positive (2.5%). In Week 8 the highest number of positive ear scrapings were found (25.0%). Positive results in the Sarcoptest were first obtained in Week 12 (10.5% positive), while eventually 29.0% of the finishing pigs were positive after 16 weeks. The AHS-ELISA first detected a serological response after 6 weeks (5. 0% positives), increasing until after 16 weeks a large proportion (74.2%) of the finishing pigs were seropositive, making the AHS-ELISA the most sensitive test. In the AHS-ELISA one As-immunised pig remained seronegative, but the other hyper-immunised pigs crossreacted. In the Sarcoptest, only Dp-immunised pigs had elevated Optical Densities (OD's) albeit below the cut-off level. Although hyper-immunisation is not a representation of field conditions, it cannot be excluded that the AHS-ELISA is not 100% specific.Field samples were taken from 20 sows in 30 herds, classified as mange-free, suspect, or infested. On a herd level there was high agreement among the ELISAs. Both serological tests were suitable to distinguish mange-free herds from infested herds. In one infested herd the decline of maternal antibody in piglets was studied by sampling 40 piglets from 20 different litters. The lowest average OD using the AHS-ELISA was found at 5 weeks of age, followed by a significant increase at 7 weeks. The average OD with the Sarcoptest was at a minimum level at 3 weeks, but no increase was found later. For screening of herds, interference of maternal antibodies is avoided by sampling at an age of 7 weeks or older. 相似文献
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A H Harbers A R Elbers A J Geelen P G Rambags J M Snijders 《The Veterinary quarterly》1992,14(2):46-50
The ability of pig suppliers to separate pigs with abnormalities from pigs without abnormalities at the end of the finishing period was investigated. Nineteen hundred and seventy-eight pigs, delivered by 22 pig suppliers, were involved in the experiment. The pigs were inspected on the farm by the pig supplier and, separately, by a veterinary expert. The animals were sent in 22 deliveries to one slaughterhouse. A veterinary meat inspector carried out the ante- and post-mortem inspections. The results of the inspections were compared. The measure of agreement, Cohen's Kappa (CK), indicated a poor (CK less than 0.40) to fair (0.40 less than CK less than 0.75) agreement among the results of the different inspection procedures, depending on the abnormality under investigation. There was a fair to good agreement for the abnormality 'tail lesion' among all inspections. Some findings of the live animal, such as 'straggler', were associated with a wide range of post-mortem abnormalities. It is concluded that preselection is possible and that the economic and practical feasibility of preselection should be investigated. 相似文献
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An 18-year-old Friesian mare with a large intrauterine cyst was examined by transrectal ultrasonography. There were several small to moderately sized intraluminal endometrial cysts, one of which connected via the myometrium to a large subserosal cyst, thereby effectively forming a 'transmural' cyst complex. During a videohysteroscopy, the intraluminal part of this transmural cyst was removed by electrocoagulation via a polypectomy snare. It was then possible to drain the large subserosal part of the cyst into the uterine lumen by transrectal massage, thereby confirming the presence of the transmural connection. 相似文献
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A.H.M. Harbers A.R.W. Elbers A.J. Geelen P.G.M. Rambags J.M.A. Snijders 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(2):46-50
Summary The ability of pig suppliers to separate pigs with abnormalities from pigs without abnormalities at the end of the finishing period was investigated Nineteen hundred and seventy‐eight pigs, delivered by 22 pig suppliers, were involved in the experiment The pigs were inspected on the farm by the pig supplier and separately, by a veterinary expert The animals were sent in 22 deliveries to one slaughterhouse. A veterinary meat inspector carried out the ante‐ and post‐mortem inspections. The results of the inspections were compared The measure of agreement, Cohen's Kappa (CK), indicated a poor (CK < 0.40) to fair (0.40 < CK < 0.75) agreement among the results of the different inspection procedures, depending on the abnormality under investigation. There was a fair to good agreement for the abnormality ‘tail lesion’ among all inspections. Some findings of the live animal, such as ‘straggler’, were associated with a wide range of post‐mortem abnormalities. It is concluded that preselection is possible and that the economic and practical feasibility of preselection should be investigated. 相似文献
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Reports on the effects of mange on the production performance of pigs are conflicting. So far, studies have used experimental infections, by depositing encrusted lesions from chronically infected pigs into the ears of experimental pigs. However, this is a poor representation of what happens under natural field conditions. The purpose of our study was to quantify the effects of sarcoptic mange on production performance and pruritus in pigs that were infected by contact with S. scabiei var. suis-infected pigs. A total of 80 piglets were matched by sex and weight and randomly divided between experimental and control compartments. In the experimental compartment, each of three naturally S. scabiei var. suis-infested pigs were randomly allocated to three pens with 13 susceptible pigs each. From day 0 to 35, the growth performance of pigs in the experimental compartment was significantly (P=0.04) worse (35 g/d) than of pigs in the control compartment. From day 35 to 112, there was a statistical trend (P=0.10) that the growth performance of pigs in the experimental compartment was lower (50 g/d) than that of pigs in the control compartment. For the complete fattening period (0-112 or more days), the growth performance of pigs in the experimental compartment was significantly (P=0.05) worse (41 g/d) than that of pigs in the control compartment. Mean feed conversion ratio (kg feed per kg gain) was 2% higher in the experimental compartment compared with the control compartment. Pigs in the experimental compartment had a nine times (95% CI: 2 - 44) higher chance of showing pruritic behaviour than pigs in the control compartment. 相似文献
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BPB Rambags AW van Rossem EE Blok E de Graaf-Roelfsema H Kindahl JH van der Kolk TAE Stout 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(4):422-428
Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that classically regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism, but also appears to play a role in various reproductive processes. A preliminary study suggested insulin production by day 10 to 18 equine conceptuses. The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that insulin is the conceptus signal responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in the mare, or otherwise influences reproductive cyclicity during the MRP period. Six Warmblood mares were treated daily during days 7 to 17 after ovulation of two successive oestrous cycles with either (short and intermediate acting) insulin or control saline. Mares were assigned randomly to treatment, and crossed over during the subsequent cycle. Time of ovulation and corpus luteum surface area were determined by serial transrectal ultrasonographic examination of the mares' ovaries, and daily jugular vein blood samples were analysed for progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. On day 14 of dioestrus, the luteolytic drive was examined by measuring systemic 15-ketodihydroprostaglandin F2 α (PG-metabolite) release in response to oxytocin challenge. In addition, yolk sac fluid recovered from 32 day 10 to 14 equine conceptuses was analysed for insulin concentrations. Insulin administration did not affect luteal size, dioestrus length, the interovulatory interval, or circulating LH concentrations. Insulin administration also failed to suppress oxytocin-induced PGF2 α release, and tended to depress systemic progesterone concentrations. Finally, insulin could not be detected in the yolk sac fluid of day 10 to 14 equine conceptuses by radio-immunoassay. It is concluded that insulin administered daily during days 7 to 17 of dioestrus has little or no effect on reproductive cyclicity in the mare, and is unlikely to be the MRP signal. 相似文献
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