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1.
Tsegaw Fentie Alireza Heidari Roberta Aiello Tesfu Kassa Ilaria Capua Giovanni Cattoli Mesfin Sahle 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(2):299-304
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease that affects many species of birds and causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Fifteen Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from rural chickens in northwest Ethiopia in 2011 and 2012 were characterized genotypically. The main functional region of the F gene was amplified and sequenced (260 nucleotides). Among the Ethiopian NDV isolates, 2 isolates had the virulent motif 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 at the cleavage site of the fusion protein while 13 isolates contained the lentogenic motif 112G-G/R-Q-G-R-L117. Phylogenetic analysis based on the variable region of the F gene indicated that the two isolates exhibiting the virulent motif belonged to lineage 5 (genotype VII) subgenotype d and the remaining 13 isolates were grouped into lineage 2 (genotype II). The nucleotide sequences of lineage 5 isolates were genetically related to the Sudanese NDV isolates, suggesting potential epidemiological link of ND outbreaks between neighbouring countries. The lentogenic strains shared similarities with La Sota vaccine strain and probably originated from the vaccine strain either through direct exposure of birds to the live vaccine or to infectious La Sota-like strains circulating in rural poultry. This study provides genetic evidence on the existence of different NDV genotypes circulating in the rural poultry in Ethiopia. The virulent NDV continues to be a problem in poultry sector in Ethiopia, and their continuous circulation in rural and commercial poultry calls for improved surveillance and intensified vaccination and other control measures. 相似文献
2.
Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that causes intestinal infection in a variety of mammals. We have previously described a factor in adult rat or adult bovine intestinal mucosa that protects against C. parvum infection when fed to susceptible infant rats. This factor is absent in intestinal mucosa from bovine calves. In the present study we describe the further characterization of the active component of bovine intestinal mucosa. The ability to protect infant rats against C. parvum infection was found to be associated with the extrinsic membrane protein fraction of the intestinal mucosa. Extrinsic membrane preparations from adult cows, adult rats, and calves were separated by SDS-PAGE. A band with apparent molecular mass of 54 kDa was seen in preparations from adult rat and cow, but not calf. Protein was transferred to PVDF membrane and from this the band was excised and subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis using a gas-phase protein sequenator. A 15-amino acid consensus sequence was generated with homology to leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Purified LAP was purchased from a commercial source and tested for ability to protect infant rats against C. parvum infection. Rats fed LAP from 7 to 11 days of age and challenged with C. parvum at 9 days were significantly less infected than controls upon necropsy at 15 days of age. These data suggest that a protein with N-terminal sequence homology to LAP may reduce susceptibility of infant rats to C. parvum infection. 相似文献
3.
Combining ability information is necessary for selection of suitable advanced lines for hybridization and identification of promising hybrids for development of improved varieties. A number of 14 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and 91 related crosses were evaluated over two years, 2008 and 2009, in a temperate-zone of Iran. The objectives of the study were to identify the best general and specific combiners, heterosis and type of gene actions responsible for agronomic traits. Except for grain yield and growing degree day to milky, significant general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability were observed for all traits. The Baker ratio for plant height (0.15), ear height (0.26), growing degree day to milky stage (0.04), and grain yield (0.002) showed the predominance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. The heterosis observed for grain yield, grain number, pollination period, ear and plant height was considerably higher than that observed for other traits. The correlations (r) of F1 means and SCA effects were positive and significantly higher than that of r (F1, mid-parents) and r (F1, heterosis) for all the traits except cob percent, growing degree days to silking, and physiological maturity. MO17, K3547/5, and K3615/2 had negative GCA effects for growing degree day to milky stage and maturity. Among hybrids, MO17 × K3653/2, B73 × K3651/2, and K3545/6 × K3493/1 with positive SCAs for pollination period and grain yield had also negative SCA effects for degree day to silking and milky stages. Therefore, the use of these inbred lines and hybrids increases the response to selection for increasing grain yield and early maturity in maize. 相似文献
4.
Arash Zaminy Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar Yousef Sadeghi Mohsen Noroozian Mohammad Hassan Heidari Abbas Piryaei 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2013,17(3):113-122
Background: Spinal cord has a limited capacity to repair; therefore, medical interventions are necessary for treatment of injuries. Transplantation of Schwann cells has shown a great promising result for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, harvesting Schwann cell has been limited due to donor morbidity and limited expansion capacity. Furthermore, accessible sources such as bone marrow stem cells have drawn attentions to themselves. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of bone marrow-derived Schwann cell on functional recovery in adult rats after injury. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were cultured from adult rats’ bone marrow and induced into Schwann cells in vitro. Differentiation was confirmed by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Next, Schwann cells were seeded into collagen scaffolds and engrafted in 3 mm lateral hemisection defects. For 8 weeks, motor and sensory improvements were assessed by open field locomotor scale, narrow beam, and tail flick tests. Afterwards, lesioned spinal cord was evaluated by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: In vitro observations showed that differentiated cells had Schwann cell morphology and markers. In this study, we had four groups (n = 10 each): laminectomy, control, scaffold and scaffold + Schwann cells. Locomotor and sensory scores of cell grafted group were significantly better than control and scaffold groups. In histology, axonal regeneration and remyelination were better than control and scaffold groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that bone marrow-derived Schwann cells can be considered as a cell source for Schwann cells in SCI treatment. Key Words: Rats, Spinal cord injuries (SCI), Bone marrow, Schwann cells, Cell transdifferentiation 相似文献
5.
Abdul-Careem MF Hunter DB Shanmuganathan S Haghighi HR Read L Heidari M Sharif S 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,126(3-4):362-366
In Marek's disease virus infection, feather follicle epithelium (FFE) constitutes the site of formation of infectious virus particles and virus shedding. The objective of this study was to characterize cellular and cytokine responses as indicators of cell-mediated immune response in FFE and associated feather pulp following immunization against Marek's disease. Analysis of feather tips collected between 4 and 28 days post-immunization (d.p.i.) from chickens vaccinated post-hatch with either CVI988/Rispens or herpesvirus of turkeys revealed that replication of these vaccine viruses started at 7d.p.i., peaked by 21d.p.i., and subsequently, showed a declining trend. This pattern of viral replication, which led to viral genome accumulation in feather tips, was associated with infiltration of T cell subsets particularly CD8+ T cells into the feather pulp area and the expression of cytokine genes such as interferon-gamma, which is an indication of elicitation of cell-mediated immune responses at the site of virus shedding. 相似文献
6.
Faunistic survey of Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) and associated predatory ladybirds in orchards,Yazd Province,Iran 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Heidari Latibari M. Zare Khormizi E. Sahamian L. Dehghan Dehnavi G. H. Moravvej 《EPPO Bulletin》2018,48(1):160-163
A faunistic survey of aphids was carried out in the centre of Iran. Aphids were collected and identified from 14 host plants. Thirteen species, belonging to 3 families (Aphididae, Pemphigidae, Lachnidae) were recorded. According to collected data, the family Aphididae had the highest number identified species of the 3 families. The greatest diversity of aphids was found on plants of the family Rosaceae. All the species have been reported for Iran from other provinces in the past; however, they are new reports for Yazd province. Nine species of ladybirds were also identified. 相似文献
7.
Ali Reza Khalatbary Elmira Ghaffari Behrooz Mohammadnegad 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2015,19(4):247-253
Background:
Deltamethrin (DM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that can elicit neurotoxicity, leading to apoptosis. There is accumulating evidence that oleuropein (OE) has anti-apoptotic effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-apoptotic effect of OE pretreatment in the neuronal cells of cerebral cortex.Methods:
Rats were randomly divided into four groups each containing five rats: DM-treated group (12.5 mg/kg, a single dose), OE-treated group (20 mg/kg per day), DM + OE-treated group, and vehicle group. Sections of the brain were obtained 24 hours after DM injection and studied for histopathological and immunohistochemistry assessment.Results:
The histopathological assessments showed lesser characteristics of neural degeneration in DM + OE group compared with DM group. Greater Bcl-2 and attenuated Bax expression could be detected in the DM + OE treated-mice compared with DM group.Conclusion:
The results suggested that DM-induced neurotoxicity can be subsided by OE.Key Words: Deltamethrin, Oleuropein, Apoptosis 相似文献8.
The role of dietary L‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate on the growth and physiological functions of beluga,Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Bahram Falahatkar Mehdi Soltani Behrooz Abtahi Mohammad R Kalbassi Mohammad Pourkazemi 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(12):3056-3069
Effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation were carried out on growth performance and physiological indices in juvenile beluga Huso huso fed different levels of dietary L‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate as AA source consisting of 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg AA kg?1 diet for 16 weeks. No significant differences were found in growth performances between treated groups except for condition factor. Using AA caused significant differences in haemoglobin, number of red blood cells, white blood cells, aspartate aminotranspherase and lactate dehydrogenase, while no significant difference was found in haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, differential white blood cells count and alkaline phosphatase activity at the end of the experiment. Lysozyme activity after 8 weeks was significantly affected by dietary treatments with the lowest value in fish fed control diet, but not at completion of 16‐week feeding trial. Liver AA concentration showed a significant increase in correlation with dietary AA increase. Air exposure stress test showed significant differences among the treatments in case of cortisol and glucose concentrations. Also between pre‐ and post stress, significant changes were observed in some of treatments. The lowest and highest levels of cortisol were 9.2 ± 3 (in 200 mg kg?1) and 16.8 ± 5.1 ng mL?1 (in control), 6 h post stress (P < 0.05) respectively. Also, the lowest and highest levels of glucose were measured in fish fed 200 and 800 mg AA kg?1 respectively. The obtained results showed that most growth parameters were not affected by dietary AA, but some physiological and immunological parameters of this species were influenced by this vitamin. We suggest that under rearing conditions, AA should be added to the diet especially during early life stages for improving health status and resistance to stressors. 相似文献
9.
Mostafa Heidari 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(4):504-511
Seedling of five canola genotypes, Hyola 308, Hyola 401, Hyola 60, Option 50 and RGS003, were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution containing S1 = 0, S2 = 100, S3 = 200 and S4 = 300 mmol L-1 NaCl in controlled environment. Proline, antioxidant activities like catalase （CAT）, ascobrate peroxidase （APX） and guaiacol peroxidase （GPX） and some enzyme activities of nucleic acid metabolism were determined in shoot and root 20 days after induction of salinity stress. Results showed application of stress significantly affected plant growth components such as fresh （FW） and dry weight （DW） of canola genotypes. Among the genotypes, RGS003 had the highest reduction of FW and DW in S3 treatment. By increasing NaCl levels from 0 to 300 mmol L-1, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes （APX and CAT） in shoot and root increased but GPX in all of genotypes decreased. The increase in salinity stress, increased proline concentration in both root and shoot tissues of canola genotypes. Hyola 401 genotype had the maximum concentration of proline in root and shoot in S3 treatment. Along with increased salinity stress in all of the studied plants, salinity significantly increased the level of the total nucleic acid and the activity of DNase I in all of salinity treatments and at the S3 level, RGS003 had the maximum concentration of nucleolytic enzyme. 相似文献
10.
Behrooz Sarabi Mohammad Reza Hassandokht Mohammad Esmail Hassani Taimour Ramak Masoumi Tim Rich 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
An evaluation of genetic diversity in 39 wild asparagus populations was carried out using morphological and RAPD markers. A combination of morphological traits and random RAPD primers was used to examine the level of genetic variation and polymorphisms among the populations. A factor analysis using Ward's method on mean values of morphological characteristics indicated seven main factors resulting in four groups. Analysis of polymorphic bands using Jaccard's similarity coefficient indicated that genetic similarity ranged between 0.71 and 0.29. At a similarity level of 0.64, the populations were divided in three sub-clusters, containing 34, four and one populations, respectively. Significant regression associations were found between 21 morphological characteristics and 18 RAPD markers, revealing some informative markers associated with some traits. The highest R2 was related to 18 RAPD markers associated with gender (53.5%) that among them BA-042000 had a maximum R2. The results showed that Iranian wild asparagus with its high levels of genetic variation could be considered as a valuable gene pool for future asparagus breeding programs. Furthermore, it could be inferred that morphological characteristics and RAPD markers are suitable tools to discriminate asparagus populations for the evaluation of genetic diversity. 相似文献