Comparative lipid and lipoprotein metabolism     

Bauer JE JE 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1996,25(2):49-56

This review summarizes a number of recent reports in several areas of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Absorption of dietary lipids, cholesterol synthesis, and biliary cholesterol metabolism are mentioned only briefly to be complete. Comparative aspects of lipoprotein metabolism, however, are detailed in an effort to integrate the myriad metabolic events which characterize these important lipid transport particles. Where comparative information is known, those aspects of lipoprotein metabolism that may be protective against atherogenesis in certain mammalian species are also described. Efforts to understand atherogenic resistance comparatively in animals lends a better understanding of the metabolic events leading to coronary artery disease in humans. They also provide an important basis for understanding lipid metabolism in numerous veterinary species.  相似文献   

Comparison of methods to assess dog owners' therapeutic compliance     

LS BARTER  JE MADDISON  ADJ WATSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(6):443-446

Objective To compare different methods for assessing the compliance of veterinary clients administering medication to their dogs.
Procedure Thirty-one owners whose dogs were prescribed amoxycillin-clavulanate, twice and thrice daily, for a duration of five to seven days were recruited from three Sydney veterinary hospitals. Compliance was assessed by electronic monitoring devices, return medication counts, client self-reports and veterinarians' estimation of likely compliance.
Results Electronic monitoring showed owners administered on average 84% (range 7 to 104%) of prescribed medication to their dogs. Both return medication counts and client self-reports tended to overestimate therapeutic compliance when compared with electronic monitoring. When questioned, the majority of owners (71%) claimed perfect compliance with the prescribed regimen. No correlation was found between veterinarians' estimates of owner compliance and that assessed electronically.
Conclusion Electronic monitoring provided valuable information on dose timing and variation, but proved costly and difficult to employ in veterinary practice. Simplicity and low cost of return medication counts makes this method attractive for use in veterinary compliance studies. Client self-reports reliably detected some noncompliers and permitted identification of individual problems or errors. For practical purposes a combination of return medication counts and client self-reports may have merit in future veterinary compliance studies.  相似文献   

Effect of dorsal hip loading,sedation, and general anesthesia on the dorsolateral subluxation score in dogs     

Todhunter RJ  Bertram JE  Smith S  Farese JP  Williams AJ  Manocchia A  Erb HN  Dykes NL  Burton-Wurster NI  Lust G 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2003,32(3):196-205

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dorsal loading of the pelvis and type of chemical restraint affected the dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score of dog hips. STYDY DESIGN: In vivo testing of diagnostic method. ANIMALS: Labrador retrievers, Greyhounds, and crosses between both breeds (n = 119 dogs). METHODS: Dorsal load was applied to the hips through a strap that was placed over the hips, and the peak vertical and steady-state vertical, ground-reaction forces exerted on the stifles were measured in the DLS position. The DLS score was measured with their hips under dorsal load and compared with the DLS score without load. For 24 dogs, the DLS score was measured both under chemical restraint (medetomidine) and under general anesthesia. Wilcoxon-signed rank test and paired t test was used to compare effects of dorsal load and restraint method on the left and right DLS hip score, and P <.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Both stifles together accepted median 15% body weight in the vertical plane in the unloaded steady state. Loading the hips increased the steady-state, vertical ground-reaction force to 34% body weight. At 8 months of age, loading significantly decreased the DLS score from 65% +/- 11% (mean +/- SD) to 60% +/- 12% for left hips and 66% +/- 11% to 63% +/- 13% for right hips. The left hip DLS score was affected by load more consistently than the right hip. In general, loading the hips decreased the DLS score in all breeds by 4% to 6% except for the greyhounds, in which the DLS score was unchanged by dorsal loading. When grouped by their DLS scores, load significantly decreased DLS scores in dogs with unloaded scores greater than 55% (nondysplastic), whereas DLS scores of dogs with unloaded scores between 55% and 45% (dysplastic) and less than 45% did not change significantly with load. Unloaded scores did not change significantly when compared under sedation versus general anesthesia. However, load significantly decreased the DLS score under general anesthesia for the left hip but not for the right hip. CONCLUSIONS: Less than half of the vertical ground-reaction force normally exerted by the hindlegs of a standing dog was sufficient to induce hip subluxation in the DLS position. Although dorsal loading approximately doubled the steady-state, vertical ground-reaction force, the decrease in the DLS score under load was never greater than 6%. Furthermore, the DLS scores of dogs most likely to be dysplastic (based on DLS scores <45%) were not affected by load, whereas load slightly decreased DLS cores of dogs with DLS scores greater than 55%. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: External influences can change the DLS score significantly, but the magnitude of change is unlikely to be of clinical importance, making the method useful as a field screening test for both dysplastic and nondysplastic hips in young dogs.  相似文献   

Cellular nucleic acids in serum and plasma as new diagnostic tools     

Brenig B  Schütz E  Urnovitz H 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,115(3-4):122-124

Currently, the diagnosis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is only possible in the brain stem of dead animals. Protease resistant prions are detected in the obex region of the brain stem. However, from a veterinary medical and agricultural point of view the development of an in vivo detection assay is of utmost importance. Because infectious prions are detectable relatively late in the central nervous system during an infection, efforts are made searching for surrogate markers. Besides neuronal proteins that are released into the liquor and blood during neurodegenerative processes or other neuronal diseases, cellular nucleic acids circulating in the plasma or serum are an absolutely new approach for the detection of infectious diseases.  相似文献   

Comparison of the trotting gaits of Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds     

Bertram JE  Lee DV  Case HN  Todhunter RJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(7):832-838

OBJECTIVE: To compare the trotting gaits of Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds to determine whether differences in locomotion are attributable to differences in their manner of moving or to body size and shape differences between these 2 breeds. ANIMALS: 8 healthy 5-month-old Greyhounds and 5 healthy Labrador Retrievers between 6 and 18 months old. PROCEDURE: A series of 4 force platforms was used to record independent ground reaction forces on the forelimbs and hind limbs during trotting. Values of stride parameters were compared between breeds before and after normalization for size differences. Standard values of absolute and normalized stride period and stride length were determined from linear regressions of these parameters on relative (normalized) velocity. Forces were normalized to body weight and compared at the same relative velocity. RESULTS: Greyhounds used fewer, longer strides than the Labrador Retrievers to travel at the same absolute speed. After normalization for body size differences, most measurable differences between breeds were eliminated. Subtle differences that did persist related to proportion of the stride that the forefoot was in contact with the ground, timing of initial hind foot contact relative to initial forefoot contact, and distribution of vertical force between the forelimbs and hind limbs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that apparent differences in the trotting gait between Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds are mainly attributable to differences in size, and that dogs of these 2 breeds move in a dynamically similar manner at the trot.  相似文献   

A model of arctic tundra vegetation derived from topographic gradients   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Ostendorf  Bertram  Reynolds  James F. 《Landscape Ecology》1998,13(3):187-201

We present a topographically-derived vegetation model (TVM) that predicts the landscape patterns of arctic vegetation types in the foothills of the Brooks Range in northern Alaska. In the Arctic there is a strong relationship between water and plant structure and function and TVM is based on the relationships between vegetation types and slope (tan ) and discharge (), two independent variables that can be easily derived from digital terrain data. Both slope and discharge relate to hydrological similarity within a landscape: slope determines the gravitational hydrological gradient and hence influences flow velocity, whereas discharge patterns are computed based on upslope area and quantify lateral flow amount. TVM was developed and parameterized based on vegetation data from a small 2.2 km² watershed and its application was tested in a larger 22km² region. For the watershed, TVM performed quite well, having a high spatial resolution and a goodness-of-fit ranging from 71–78&percnt;, depending on the functions used. For the larger region, the strength of the vegetation types predictions drops somewhat to between 56–59&percnt;. We discuss the various sources of error and limitations of the model for purposes of extrapolation.  相似文献   

Die ZikadeCicadella viridis L. als Obstbaumschädling     

Bertram  L.  Mannheims  B. 《Journal of pest science》1939,15(3):29-31

Ohne Zusammenfassung Mit 2 Abbildungen.  相似文献   

Kisspeptin,c‐Fos and CRFR Type 2 Co‐expression in the Hypothalamus after Insulin‐Induced Hypoglycaemia     

C Fergani  JE Routly  DN Jones  LC Pickavance  RF Smith  H Dobson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(3):433-440

Normal reproductive function is dependent upon availability of glucose and insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia is a metabolic stressor known to disrupt the ovine oestrous cycle. We have recently shown that IIH has the ability to delay the LH surge of intact ewes. In the present study, we examined brain tissue to determine: (i) which hypothalamic regions are activated with respect to IIH and (ii) the effect of IIH on kisspeptin cell activation and CRFR type 2 immunoreactivity, all of which may be involved in disruptive mechanisms. Follicular phases were synchronized with progesterone vaginal pessaries and at 28 h after progesterone withdrawal (PW), animals received saline (n = 6) or insulin (4 IU/kg; n = 5) and were subsequently killed at 31 h after PW (i.e., 3 h after insulin administration). Peripheral hormone concentrations were evaluated, and hypothalamic sections were immunostained for either kisspeptin and c‐Fos (a marker of neuronal activation) or CRFR type 2. Within 3 h of treatment, cortisol concentrations had increased whereas plasma oestradiol concentrations decreased in peripheral plasma (p < 0.05 for both). In the arcuate nucleus (ARC), insulin‐treated ewes had an increased expression of c‐Fos. Furthermore, the percentage of kisspeptin cells co‐expressing c‐Fos increased in the ARC (from 11 to 51%; p < 0.05), but there was no change in the medial pre‐optic area (mPOA; 14 vs 19%). CRFR type 2 expression in the lower part of the ARC and the median eminence was not altered by insulin treatment. Thus, disruption of the LH surge after IIH in the follicular phase is not associated with decreased kisspeptin cell activation or an increase in CRFR type 2 in the ARC but may involve other cell types located in the ARC nucleus which are activated in response to IIH.  相似文献   

Influence of Training and Competition on the Endocrine Regulation of Testicular Function and on Semen Parameters in Stallions     

J Lange  S Matheja  E Klug  C Aurich  JE Aurich 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1997,32(6):297-302

  相似文献   

Spironucleus muris in laboratory mice     

A. WHITEHOUSE  MP FRANCE  SE POPE  JE LLOYD  RC RATCLIFFE 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):193-193

  相似文献