Evaluation of functional muscle anatomy scalability in the canine hind limb     

Billy P. R. Dries  Ilse Jonkers  Wim Van Den Broeck  Benedicte Vanwanseele  Lieve DeRycke  Walter Dingemanse  Jos Vander Sloten  Henri Van Bree  Ingrid Gielen 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(3):637-644

In contrast to other mammals, the large variation in dog sizes is not accompanied by any significant genetic re-organization. In order to study the relationship between body mass, limb length and the functional anatomical muscle parameters of the canine hind limb, a large dataset comprising of muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and physiological cross-sectional area's (PCSA) were acquired for twenty-five muscles in ten dogs of sizes varying between 20 kg and 52 kg. The potential of body mass and limb length for reliably scaling individual muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and PCSA's were examined. For the majority of the muscles of the canine hind limb, neither body mass nor limb length were reliable scaling parameter for either muscle masses, PCSA's and optimal fibre length. These results indicate the need of a breed-specific approach to musculoskeletal modelling in future canine musculoskeletal research.  相似文献   

Management of drug-resistant cyathostominosis on a breeding farm in central North Carolina     

Little D  Flowers JR  Hammerberg BH  Gardner SY 《Equine veterinary journal》2003,35(3):246-251

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Possible anthelmintic resistance on a breeding farm where a rapid rotation anthelmintic programme had been implemented for 9 years was investigated. Cyathostomins resistant to fenbendazole and pyrantel were documented by faecal worm egg count reduction test (FWECRT). OBJECTIVES: To 1) manage small strongyle transmission in a herd of horses in which resistance to both pyrantel pamoate and fenbendazole was identified and thereby reduce the risk of clinical disease in the individual animal, 2) monitor the change in resistance patterns over time and 3) monitor the efficacy of ivermectin over the study period. METHODS: Targeted ivermectin treatment of horses on the farm was instituted for mature horses with faecal worm egg counts (FWEC) > 200 eggs/g (epg) and for horses < age 2 years with FWEC > 100 epg. RESULTS: Over a 30 month period, targeted ivermectin treatment achieved acceptable control in mares, as judged by FWEC, and improved control of patent cyathostome infection in consecutive foal crops. Egg reappearance time (ERT) after treatment with ivermectin was < 8 weeks in mares and foals more frequently in the second year of the study than in the first year. Numbers of anthelmintic treatments were reduced by 77.6 and 533% in the mare and foal group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted ivermectin treatment may be an economically viable method of managing multiple drug resistant cyathostominosis. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Use of ivermectin should be monitored closely for development of resistance.  相似文献   

Subjective and objective evaluation of veal lean color     

Lagoda HL  Wilson LL  Henning WR  Flowers SL  Mills EW 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(7):1911-1916

Because veal lean color continues to be a primary factor that determines veal carcass value and is typically assessed by subjective means, it is important to explore objective methods for color assessment. Objective and subjective evaluations of veal flank and breast lean color were compared as predictors of longissimus lean color at 24 h postmortem. One hundred fifty special-fed Holstein veal calves were Kosher-slaughtered with blood samples collected upon exsanguination and analyzed for hematocrit and hemoglobin content. Lean color was evaluated in the flank and breast at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h postmortem. Color of the longissimus was evaluated at 6 h, when possible, and at 24 h. A panel of three trained individuals used a 5-point color standard developed in the Netherlands to visually evaluate lean color. A Minolta Chromameter CR-300 was used to obtain L*, a*, and b* values. A plant employee assigned packer grades at slaughter. Temperature and pH were also measured at each time period. Hemoglobin was more highly correlated than hematocrit with colorimeter values. Hemoglobin levels correlated well with a* values of the flank at 0 h postmortem (r = 0.52) although the correlation declined at 24 h (r = 0.30). The correlation between packer grades and 24-h visual loin color was r = 0.41. Visual loin color at 24 h postmortem was selected as the predicted variable for regression analysis. Temperature and pH did not contribute significantly to any prediction equations. The equation using breast L*, a*, and b* values at 24 h postmortem to predict 24-h loin color gave a higher prediction coefficient (R2 = 0.44) than the corresponding equation using 0-h breast values (R2 = 0.28). Objective measurement of lean color may be useful in veal carcass grading because it is more precise than subjective methods and would allow for uniformity among processing plants.  相似文献   

Local and remote physical processes driving variability of the planktonic system in the Juan Fernández Archipelago: A multidisciplinary framework providing conservation insights     

Carolina Parada  Billy Ernst  Sebastián Cornejo-Guzmán  Francisco Santa Cruz  Marco Sandoval Belmar  Pablo Rivara  Braulio Tapia  Stéphane Gauthier  Josefa Pino-Aguilera  Ruben Escribano  Carmen E. Morales 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(2):253-272

1. The Juan Fernandez Ridge, a vulnerable marine ecosystem located far off the coast of central Chile and formed by several seamounts, guyots and three islands (Robinson Crusoe, Santa Clara and Alejandro Selkirk), has recently been declared a Coastal Marine Protected Area of Multiple Uses with several National Parks embedded in it.
2. Recent studies have highlighted the influence of remote and local oceanographic structures on the hydrographic dynamics of this ridge. However, there is still a gap in understanding how they affect the structure and dynamics of the surrounding insular planktonic communities.
3. A hydroacoustic and oceanographic survey was conducted during the austral spring (October 2016), including hydrographic and zooplankton sampling around Robinson Crusoe Island. Oceanographic features were identified and tracked using satellite data (chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature) and modelling results.
4. Two events of Chl-a increase relative to a threshold (>0.45 mg m⁻³) were forced by different physical processes, both affecting the western side of Robinson Crusoe Island. In event A during the cruise period, Chl-a subsurface maxima were associated with the arrival of a coastal meander originating on the continental shelf off Chile (remote process); the zooplankton was dominated by copepods and salps, with an evident coastal–oceanic gradient. In event B, Chl-a maxima were linked to a local upwelling forced by the intensification of a localized SSW wind. No influence of remote eddies or local Von Kármán vortices on Chl-a distribution was observed.
5. These findings highlight the influence of remote and local physical processes on the structure of planktonic communities around Robinson Crusoe Island. Understanding the variability of these mechanisms and their effects at the base of the pelagic food web is critical in adopting an ecosystem-level approach.

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Nitrogen isotopic composition of leached nitrate and soil organic matter as an indicator of denitrification in a sloping drained agricultural plot and adjacent uncultivated riparian buffer strips   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Claire Billy  Gilles Billen  François Birgand 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(1):108-117

In the small, agricultural, artificially drained Orgeval watershed δ¹⁵N values of leached nitrates and soil organic nitrogen were found to be significantly higher than the primary nitrogen (N) sources from which they are derived, namely, synthetic fertilizers, atmospheric deposition, and symbiotic or nonsymbiotic N₂ fixation (all with δ¹⁵N close to zero). In vertical soil profiles, the δ¹⁵N of organic N increased with depth, reaching higher values (up to 8‰) particularly at stations that were frequently waterlogged as judged from ochre iron traces, such as downhill field sites or in riparian buffer strips. Nitrification, volatilization, and denitrification are the main fractionating processes able to modify the isotopic composition of soil N. Using a newly designed algorithm for calculating the equilibrium isotopic composition of all soil N species, resulting from the average annual balance of their transformations, we show that the observed trends can be explained by the action of denitrification. We suggest that the isotopic composition of soil organic N can be used as a semiquantitative indicator of the intensity of denitrification integrated over century-long periods.  相似文献   

甜椒根系脱氢酶活性与施氮量关系初探   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

宋世君 《园艺学报》1990,17(3):238-240

北方城市郊区,近年来甜椒栽培普遍采取定植后即连续大量施肥,以期以肥促秧,提早封垄,减轻病害。但不少地块植株却表现出茎节缩短、叶片黄绿相间且皱缩,茎尖坏死、落叶、落花、落果、产量下降。 本试验针对生产上施氮量过多的问题,探求甜椒根系脱氢酶活性与施肥、产量的关系,以期为生产上合理施肥提供理论依据。  相似文献   

牡丹、芍药繁殖与育种研究现状   总被引：41，自引：0，他引：41  

高志民  王雁  王莲英 《北京林业大学学报》2001,23(4):75-79

该文综述了国内外牡丹、芍药的繁殖与育种研究现状 ,概括了从传统繁殖方式到现代快繁技术的研究进展 ,以及在引种和杂交育种方面的研究情况 .针对我国牡丹、芍药发展存在的主要问题进行了分析探讨 ,并提出了解决问题的几点建议  相似文献   

A STORAGE-LIKE DISEASE WITH SKELETAL INVOLVEMENT IN A DOG     

Cecil E. Doige  Charles S. Farrow  Billy R. Gee 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1980,21(3):98-103

A storage-like disease in a 14-month-old Rhodesian Ridgeback dog is described. Clinically the dog was lame on all legs, and appendicular joint capsules were distended. Radiographically and at necropsy, there was evidence of osteoarthritis, increased volume of synovial fluid, and marked hypertrophy of the synovial membranes. Large mononclear cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were evident in synovial membranes. Large mononuclear cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were evident in synovial membranes. Large mononuclear cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were evident in synovial membranes, bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, and endocrine glands. Vacuolated cells in lymph nodes stained positively for fat. Transmission electron microscopy revealed empty membrane-bound cytoplasmic vacuoles. The similarity of this disease to storage diseases in man where arthropathy is a feature is discussed.  相似文献   

Immunogenic properties of ribosomes isolated from Brucella abortus     

Marshall Phillips  Billy L. Deyoe 《Veterinary microbiology》1981,6(2):95-106

Ribosomes from Brucella abortus strain 19 were isolated by differential centrifugation. The 70S ribosomes were purified by pelleting through 0.5 M ammonium chloride and 30% sucrose. The resulting ribosomes were designated washed ribosomes and consisted of 64–65% RNA and 35–36% protein with sedimentation coefficients of 50S and 30S. When the washed ribosomes were tested by immunodiffusion against immune bovine sera, no precipitins were detectable. The immunogenic responses of the washed ribosomes were determined in guinea pigs, lemmings, and calves. Inoculation dosages as low as 1.0 microgram in guinea pigs and 0.1 microgram in lemmings protected against challenge with virulent B. abortus. Results of similar studies in a limited number of calves indicated that a dose of 1 mg may be protective. Brucella ribosomes did not appear to elicit marked undesirable side effects when used as immunizing agents.  相似文献   

Comment on "Widespread RNA and DNA sequence differences in the human transcriptome"     

Lin W  Piskol R  Tan MH  Li JB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6074):1302; author reply 1302

Li et al. (Research Articles, 1 July 2011, p. 53; published online 19 May 2011) reported large numbers of differences between DNA and messenger RNA in human cells, indicating unprecedented levels of RNA editing, and including sequence changes not produced by any of the known RNA editing mechanisms. However, common sources of systematic errors in high-throughput sequencing technology, which were not properly accounted for in this study, explain most of the claimed differences.  相似文献