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排序方式: 共有48条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
G. J. Bollen D. Volker A. P. Wijnen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(1):19-30
Samples of heavily infested crop residues were incorporated in static compost heaps (2.5–4.6 m3) of the Indore type. Temperature increased to 50–70°C within 6 days depending on the type of crop residues used and the location within the heap. The heat phase (>40 °C) lasted 2–3 weeks and was followed by a c. 5-months maturation phase (<40 °C). Among the 17 pathogens tested, onlyOlpidium brassicae and one of the four formae speciales ofFusarium oxysporum that were tested survived composting, but also their inoculum was greatly reduced.Survival during specific phases of composting was studied by incorporation and retrieval of samples at various stages of the process.F. oxysporum f. sp.melonis was completely inactivated andO. brassicae andPlasmodiophora brassicae were almost completely inactivated during the short heat phase. The three pathogens survived the long-lasting maturation phase without loss of viability. Heat evolved during composting was found to be the most important factor involved with sanitation of crop residues. The possible involvement of fungitoxic conversion products and microbial antagonism is discussed. 相似文献
2.
W. J. Blok G. J. Bollen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(3):29-40
Replant disease is a common phenomenon in asparagus growing in the Netherlands. It is distinct from the decline phenomenon reported from many other asparagus producing area’s. The involvement of autotoxins from root residues of former asparagus crops was evaluated. Residues of aspar agus roots decompose extremely slowly. At two locations, each with fields where asparagus production was terminated 1 and 10 years before, biomass of root residues was 4180 and 11060 kg dw ha?1 after 1 year and 420 and 1140 kg dw ha?1 after 10 years.Although 10-year-old residues were for the greater part decomposed, crude aqueous extracts inhibited root growth of asparagus seedlings significantly and even more of garden cress. In root observation boxes with field soil mixed with non-sterilized or sterilized asparagus root fragments, growth of secondary roots was inhibited. Non-sterilized strawberry roots did not inhibit root growth, suggesting that effects of organic matter were not involved. In a pot experiment, sterilized asparagus root fragments inhibited root growth when added at a rate of 20 g1?1, but not a 2 g1?1 Addition of non-sterilized root fragments strongly inhibited root growth at both levels. This was probably due to simultaneous infection byFusarium oxysporum present in these residues. When an asparagus field is replanted, the amount of root residues left behind in soil after termination of the crop in the previous season is about 2 g dw 1?1, that corresponds to approx. 11000 kg dw ha?1. This level is too low for considering direct growth inhibition by autotoxins as a major factor. Their possible indirect effects are briefly discussed. 相似文献
3.
A. J. M. Rijkers J. A. Hiemstra G. J. Bollen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(4):261-264
Under young ash trees infected withVerticillium dahliae, over 10% of the petioles of fallen leaves were colonized by the pathogen. Counts of microsclerotia in six petioles yielded an average number of 1500 per cm of petiole. Windblown leaves from infected trees very probably contribute to dissemination of the pathogen in forest stands and nurseries. 相似文献
4.
G. J. Bollen E. P. Van Der Hoeven J. G. Lamers M. P. M. Schoonen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1983,89(1-2):55-66
The mycoflora of culm bases and roots of rye was assessed in field trials, where benomyl was applied at dose rates ranging from 0.24 to 4.80 kg ha?1. Samples of culm bases were taken three times during the growing season, those of roots only at the harvest date. On culms with various symptoms from untreated plots,Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Alternaria spp. andGerlachia nivalis were prevalent and on those from benomyl-treated plotsAlternaria spp. andFusarium culmorum. In later stages of growth,G. nivalis sharply declined andAlternaria spp. andF. culmorum increased. At the end of the season,Periconia macrospinosa andTyphula incarnata appeared in treated plots. In samples of roots taken more than two months after the last spray, porosporous dematiaceous species (Alternaria, Ulocladium andDendryphion), Mortierella spp. and other resistant fungi were prevalent in plots treated with 1.20 kg ha?1 or more, but not in those that received 0.24 kg ha?1, which is recommended for disease control. Lower counts were recorded only for species that are highly sensitive in vitro, e.g.Microdochium bolleyi andTrichoderma spp. Some fusaria were either not affected or tended to be slightly stimulated by the treatment. An attempt was made to attribute the incidence of these moderately sensitive fungi to the effect of the fungicide on non-pathogens. 相似文献
5.
Acquired resistance to benomyl and some other systemic fungicides in a strain of Botrytis cinerea in cyclamen 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
G. J. Bollen G. Scholten 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1971,77(3):83-90
A benomyl-resistant strain (R) ofBotrytis cinerea was isolated from cyclamen that had been sprayed with relatively high doses of Benlate two weeks before. In vitro mycelial growth of this strain was less inhibited on PDA containing 1000 g/ml benomyl (Benlate, 50% W.P.) than that of another, wild isolate ofB. cinerea from cyclamen on PDA with 0.5 g/ml of the fungicide.The R-strain was also resistant to methyl-thiophanate, furidazol and to a lesser extent to thiabendazole. Mycelial growth of 5 other isolates was much more inhibited by benomyl than by thiabendazole.Resistance was retained for at least 20 weeks after repeated subculturing on fungicide-free agar.Samenvatting In een kwekerij, waar bespuiting met benomyl (Benlate, 50% W.P.) drie maal was toegepast ter bestrijding vanBotrytisrot in cyclamen, bleek de laatste bespuiting niet meer effectief. Integendeel, de ziekte breidde zich sneller uit dan onder normale omstandigheden het geval is. Uit bloemstelen van de aangetaste planten werd eenB. cinerea-stam (R) geïsoleerd, die zeer resistent bleek tegen benomyl. In vitro werd de groei van deze stam op aardappel-glucose-agar met 1000 g/ml benomyl (Benlate 50% W.P.) minder geremd dan die van een willekeurigB. cinerea-isolaat van cyclamen op het medium met 0.5 g/ml van het fungicide (Tabel 1, Fig. 1).De R-stam bleek eveneens resistent tegen methyl-thiophanaat, furidazol en in mindere mate tegen thiabendazol (Tabel 2).De myceliumgroei van vijf isolaten vanB. cinerea, verkregen van verschillende waardplanten, bleek in tegenstelling tot die van de R-stam juist sterker geremd te worden door benomyl dan door thiabendazol (Tabel 3).De R-stam bleef gedurende tenminste 20 weken resistent na regelmatig overenten op voedingsbodems zonder het fungicide. 相似文献
6.
Dickinson PJ Keel MK Higgins RJ Koblik PD LeCouteur RA Naydan DK Bollen AW Vernau W 《Veterinary pathology》2000,37(2):160-167
Two oligodendrogliomas in two domestic cats involved mainly the rostral brain stem, midbrain, fourth ventricle, and cerebellum. Both cats were aged neutered males presenting with clinical neurologic deficits suggestive of a brain stem lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging of both tumors demonstrated lesions with a pattern of heterogeneous contrast enhancement and multifocal lesions in one cat. Routine cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal in one cat and suggestive of an inflammatory disease in the other. Oligodendroglioma cells were seen in cytospin preparations of cerebrospinal fluid from both cats. In each cat, the tumors occurred intraventricularly in the midbrain and fourth ventricle with aggressive intraparenchymal infiltration. There was extensive growth into the basilar subarachnoid space of the midbrain and brain stem in one cat. One tumor was well differentiated, and the other was an anaplastic subtype. Immunostaining for several myelin- and oligodendroglia-specific antigens was negative with formalin-fixed tumors and with unfixed frozen samples from one cat. In both tumors, component cells of the intratumoral vascular proliferations were positive for human von Willebrand factor VIII antigen or smooth muscle actin. Immunocytochemical reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein identified both reactive astrocytes and a subpopulation of minigemistocytes in both tumors. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were unremarkable except for their prominent desmosomal junctions and paucity of microtubules. 相似文献
7.
Expression of receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-1 (FLT-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR), EGFR-1, PDGFRa and c-Met in canine primary brain tumours 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. J. Dickinson B. N. Roberts R. J. Higgins C. M. Leutenegger A. W. Bollen P. H. Kass R. A. LeCouteur 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2006,4(3):132-140
Inhibition of tumour growth and angiogenesis by targeting key growth factor receptors is a promising therapeutic strategy for central nervous system tumours. Characterization of these growth factor receptors in canine primary brain tumours has not been done. Using quantitative real‐time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we evaluated the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for five tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor [VEGFR]‐1, VEGFR‐2, endothelial growth factor receptor [EGFR]‐1, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor a [PDGFRa], and c‐Met) relative to normal cerebral cortex in 66 spontaneous canine primary brain tumours. Increased expression of VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 mRNA was greatest in grade IV astrocytomas (glioblastoma multiforme) and grade III (anaplastic) oligodendrogliomas. EGFR‐1 mRNA expression was more consistently increased than the other receptors in all tumour types, while increased PDGFRa mRNA expression was mostly restricted to oligodendrogliomas. The similarities in increased expression of these tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors in these canine tumours, as compared to data from their human counterparts, suggest that common molecular mechanisms may be present. 相似文献
8.
9.
J. Kros G. J. Reinds W. De Vries J. B. Latour M. Bollen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(3):1101-1106
Changes in vegetation are often caused by changes in abiotic site factors, such as pH, nitrogen availability and soil moisture. It has been recognized that abiotic site factors are affected by atmospheric deposition and groundwater-table changes. In order to evaluate the effects of eutrophication, acidification and desiccation on site factors, the model SMART2 has been developed. For the Netherlands combinations of two acidification and two seepage scenarios (1990–2050) were evaluated with SMART2. The results are focused on pH, nitrogen availability and base saturation. Calculations were made for combinations of five vegetation structures on seven soil types and the five groundwater-table classes, using a 1 km2 grid. Results showed that deposition reductions lead to a relatively fast improvement of the site factors, increase in pH and base saturation and decrease in N availability. Whereas a reduction in groundwater abstractions of 25% has little or no effect on the pH and N availability. 相似文献
10.
Nitrogen in the soil is continually undergoing transformation, changing in form and availability. All phases of the cycle through which this element passes must be considered in attempting to explain nitrogen balances, losses or gains. Processed such as ammonification, nitrosofication, nitrification, nitrogen fixation, and denitrification need study in this respect. Nitrogen transformations and losses in soils have been investigated extensively in various countries and exhaustive reviews of a general nature1),8,,9),15) are available. 相似文献