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Catry B Opsomer G Decostere A Feyen B de Kruif A Haesebrouck F 《Research in veterinary science》2004,77(3):291-188
Mannheimia varigena was identified as the etiologic agent of meningitis in a young Belgian White Blue heifer calf. Species identification of the bacterium was done by phenotyping and molecularly confirmed by tDNA-PCR. Standard bacteriological examination might fail to differentiate species belonging to the genus Mannheimia. 相似文献
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Persoons D Dewulf J Smet A Herman L Heyndrickx M Martel A Catry B Butaye P Haesebrouck F 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(4):320-325
The use of antimicrobials in production animals has become a worldwide concern in the face of rising resistance levels in commensal, pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria. In the years 2007 and 2008 antimicrobial consumption records were collected during two non consecutive production cycles in 32 randomly selected Belgian broiler farms. Antimicrobials were used in 48 of the 64 monitored production cycles, 7 farms did not use any antimicrobials in both production cycles, 2 farms only administered antimicrobials in one of the two production cycles, the other 23 farms applied antimicrobial treatment in both production cycles. For the quantification of antimicrobial drug use, the treatment incidences (TI) based on the defined daily doses (the dose as it should be applied: DDD) and used daily doses (the actual dose applied: UDD) were calculated. A mean antimicrobial treatment incidence per 1000 animals of 131.8 (standard deviation 126.8) animals treated daily with one DDD and 121.4 (SD 106.7) animals treated daily with one UDD was found. The most frequently used compounds were amoxicillin, tylosin and trimethoprim-sulphonamide with a mean TI(UDD) of 37.9, 34.8, and 21.7, respectively. The ratio of the UDD/DDD gives an estimate on correctness of dosing. Tylosin was underdosed in most of the administrations whereas amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulphonamide were slightly overdosed in the average flock. 相似文献
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Jacobs DM Fuhrmann JC van Dorsten FA Rein D Peters S van Velzen EJ Hollebrands B Draijer R van Duynhoven J Garczarek U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(12):3078-3085
Red wine and grape polyphenols are considered to promote cardiovascular health and are involved in multiple biological functions. Their overall impact on the human metabolome is not known. Therefore, exogenous and endogenous metabolic effects were determined in fasting plasma and 24 h urine from healthy male adults consuming a mix of red wine and grape juice extracts (WGM) for 4 days in a placebo-controlled, crossover study. Syringic acid, 3-hydroxyhippuric acid, pyrogallol, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were confirmed as the strongest urinary markers of WGM intake. Overall, WGM had a mild impact on the endogenous metabolism. Most noticeable were changes in several amino acids deriving from tyrosine and tryptophan. Reductions in the microbial metabolites p-cresol sulfate and 3-indoxylsulfuric acid and increases in indole-3-lactic acid and nicotinic acid were observed in urine. In plasma, tyrosine was reduced. The results suggest that short-term intake of WGM altered microbial protein fermentation and/or amino acid metabolism. 相似文献
4.
Quantification and evaluation of antimicrobial drug use in group treatments for fattening pigs in Belgium 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Timmerman T Dewulf J Catry B Feyen B Opsomer G de Kruif A Maes D 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,74(4):251-263
To control the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, knowledge of antimicrobial drug consumption is essential. Because consumption data are not available in Belgium, a study was conducted between March and October 2003 to investigate the antimicrobial drug consumption in pigs, using the treatment incidence based on the animal daily dose pig (ADDpig), the treatment incidence based on the used daily dose pig (UDDpig) (number of ADDpig or UDDpig/1000 pigs at risk/day), and the ratio UDDpig/ADDpig.
The sampling frame consisted of 821 pig herds that (a) used a closed or semi-closed production system, (b) were located in the most dense pig areas of Belgium, and (c) had at least 150 sows and 600 fattening pigs each. Of 50 randomly selected herds, all group treatments with antimicrobial drugs, applied to fattening pigs that were within 2 weeks of slaughter (median age 187 days), were collected retrospectively.
The treatment incidence based on ADDpig for all oral and injectable antimicrobial drugs was 178.1 per 1000 pigs at risk per day. The treatment incidence based on UDDpig shows that in reality fewer pigs were treated, namely 170.3 per 1000 pigs at risk per day. Proportionally, the most often applied oral antimicrobial drugs were: doxycycline, amoxicillin, combination trimethoprim-sulphonamides and polymyxin E. The most often applied injectable antimicrobial drugs were long-acting amoxicillin and ceftiofur. The distribution of the UDDpig/ADDpig ratio per antimicrobial drug shows that 50–75% of the oral formulations were underdosed. Injectable formulations were almost always overdosed (>90%). 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: A 5-year nationwide mass media campaign aimed at prevention of overweight was organised from 2002 onwards. The present study evaluates the first campaign, which was aimed primarily at increasing awareness of weight gain. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Data were collected by telephone interview in four independent cross-sectional surveys among non-obese Dutch adults aged 25-35 years (total n = 1,949) for statistical analyses. Awareness of personal body-weight status, overweight-related risk perceptions, attitudes towards weight-gain prevention, motivation to prevent weight gain and self-reported body mass index (BMI) were measured in each survey. Campaign exposure was assessed in the post-intervention surveys. To identify intervention effects over time multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used, adjusted for secular time effects and age. RESULTS: After the campaign about 65% of the respondents knew about the campaign. The campaign was associated with more positive attitudes towards the prevention of weight gain (beta = 0.16; P < 0.01) and higher self-reported BMI (beta = 0.14; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the first campaign reached a large proportion of the population and initiated some positive change in attitudes, but did not achieve significant improvements in other determinants of weight-gain prevention among non-obese young adults. 相似文献
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Callens B Persoons D Maes D Laanen M Postma M Boyen F Haesebrouck F Butaye P Catry B Dewulf J 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,106(1):53-62
The monitoring of antimicrobial use is an essential step to control the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Between January and October 2010 data on prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use were collected retrospectively on 50 closed or semi-closed pig herds. Ninety-three percent of the group treatments were prophylactic whereas only 7% were methaphylactic. The most frequently used antimicrobials orally applied at group level were colistin (30.7%), amoxicillin (30.0%), trimethoprim-sulfonamides (13.1%), doxycycline (9.9%) and tylosin (8.1%). The most frequently applied injectable antimicrobials were tulathromycin (45.0%), long acting ceftiofur (40.1%) and long acting amoxicillin (8.4%). The treatment incidences (TI) based on the used daily dose pig (UDD(pig) or the actually administered dose per day per kg pig of a drug) for all oral and injectable antimicrobial drugs was on average 200.7 per 1000 pigs at risk per day (min=0, max=699.0), while the TI based on the animal daily dose pig (ADD(pig) or the national defined average maintenance dose per day per kg pig of a drug used for its main indication) was slightly higher (average=235.8, min=0, max=1322.1). This indicates that in reality fewer pigs were treated with the same amount of antimicrobials than theoretically possible. Injectable products were generally overdosed (79.5%), whereas oral treatments were often underdosed (47.3%). In conclusion, this study shows that prophylactic group treatment was applied in 98% of the visited herds and often includes the use of critically important and broad-spectrum antimicrobials. In Belgium, the guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials are not yet implemented. 相似文献
8.
Filipe Xavier Catry Francisco Moreira Inês Duarte Vanda Acácio 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(3):231-240
Cork oak (Quercus suber) forests are acknowledged for their biodiversity and economic (mainly cork production) values. Wildfires are one of the main
threats contributing to cork oak decline in the Mediterranean Basin, and one major question that managers face after fire
in cork oak stands is whether the burned trees should be coppiced or not. This decision can be based on the degree of expected
crown regeneration assessed immediately after fire. In this study we carried out a post-fire assessment of the degree of crown
recovery in 858 trees being exploited for cork production in southern Portugal, 1.5 years after a wildfire. Using logistic
regression, we modelled good or poor crown recovery probability as a function of tree and stand variables. The main variables
influencing the likelihood of good or poor crown regeneration were bark thickness, charring height, aspect and tree diameter.
We also developed management models, including simpler but easier to measure variables, which had a lower predictive power
but can be used to help managers to identify, immediately after fire, trees that will likely show good crown regeneration,
and trees that will likely die or show poor regeneration (and thus, potential candidates for trunk coppicing). 相似文献
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Catry B Decostere A Schwarz S Kehrenberg C de Kruif A Haesebrouck F 《Veterinary research communications》2006,30(7):707-715
The aim of the present study was to determine which Pasteurella and Mannheimia species are present in the upper respiratory tract of healthy calves with no history of antimicrobial treatment prior to
sampling. The presence of subpopulations of tetracycline-resistant Pasteurellaceae was also investigated. Nasal swabs from 61 loose group-housed, clinically healthy calves, 1 to 4 months old, from 16 dairy
herds were inoculated aerobically on a selective medium (Columbia agar with 5% ovine blood and 16 mg/L bacitracin) with or
without 4 mg/L oxytetracycline (OTC). A total of 43 strains belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae were isolated from 38 calves (62.3%) out of 13 herds (81.3%). The predominant organisms were Pasteurella
multocida subsp. multocida (57.4%), Mannheimia varigena (4.9%) and M. haemolytica (3.2%). Growth of Pasteurellaceae on the OTC-containing medium was seen only with samples from two herds (6 animals; 9.8%), and on only one farm this proved
to be an OTC-resistant subpopulation. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations by means of agar dilution confirmed
a low prevalence of OTC-resistant Pasteurellaceae, with overall MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.25 and 32 mg/L, respectively. These data do not support the hypothesis that the relative high frequency of tetracycline-resistant
P. multocida isolates from fatal cases of bovine respiratory disease is related to the presence of minor tetracycline-resistance subpopulations
within this species. 相似文献