Die Wirkung elektromagnetischer Stimulation auf den Keimungsprozess von Weizen     

Branko Marinkovic  Miroslav Maleševic  Jovan Crnobarac  Hans-Jürgen Schaller  Franz Götz  Olaf Röder  Goran Jacimovic 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2003,55(6):187-190

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Die Biophysik in der Wachstumsfunktion von jungen Maispflanzen     

Branko Marinkovic  Novica Petrovic  Jovan Crnobarac  Hans-Jürgen Schaller  Franz Götz  Olaf Röder  Goran Jacimovic 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2003,55(6):184-186

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The immune response and PBMC subsets in canine visceral leishmaniasis before, and after, chemotherapy     

Moreno J  Nieto J  Chamizo C  González F  Blanco F  Barker DC  Alva J 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,71(3-4):181-195

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets, in vitro lymphoproliferative response to leishmanial antigen, and Leishmania-specific serum antibody levels were examined in 11 dogs, naturally infected with L. infantum, and 9 healthy control dogs. A decrease in the percentage of CD4+ T-cells and an increase in the proportion of gammadelta T-cells and sIgG+ B-cells were observed during canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). These changes may be responsible for the marked humoral response and the absence of in vitro lymphoproliferation to mitogen and specific parasite antigens. This possibility was supported by the analysis of these subsets after treatment with amphotericin B. One month after therapy, a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ T-cells and a decrease of gammadelta T-cells and sIgG+ B-cells were observed. At the same time, the lymphocyte blastogenesis assay with leishmanial antigen was positive and the levels of specific antibodies to Leishmania were significantly lower than before the treatment. Five months after therapy, lymphocyte proliferative response to LSA disappeared, antibody and lymphocyte subsets levels returned to those observed during CVL. Therapeutic failure in CVL is associated with the inability of antileishmanial drugs to completely revert the profound immunodepression induced by the infection and prevent relapse.  相似文献   

Evidence for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in selected intermediate hosts in Serbia     

Marija Marković  Vladimir IvovićTijana Štajner  Vitomir DjokićIvana Klun  Branko BobićAleksandra Nikolić  Olgica Djurković-Djaković 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014

To contribute to the insight into the worldwide population structure of Toxoplasma gondii, we genetically characterized a total of eight strains isolated from intermediate hosts including humans, sheep and pigeons in Serbia. Although parasite DNA was detected in 28.2% (60/213) of the human samples from 162 patients serologically suspected of active toxoplasmosis, as well as in 5/7 seropositive pigeons and in 2/12 seropositive sheep examined, multilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping, using SAG1, 5′SAG2, 3′SAG2, GRA6, 5′GRA7 and 3′GRA7 as markers, was successful in only four human isolates (of which one was isolated from both the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples of a single patient), one sheep and three pigeons. Of the eight isolates, five were type II (62.5%), one was type III, one was atypical, and one had a type I allele at GRA6 as the single locus genotyped. Although type II, as elsewhere in Europe, predominated, these results may suggest a higher genetic diversity of T. gondii in Serbia, reflecting local environmental contamination and also the geographical position of the country in South-East Europe.  相似文献   

Soil microbial, fungal, and nematode responses to soil fumigation and cover crops under potato production     

H. P. Collins  A. Alva  R. A. Boydston  R. L. Cochran  P. B. Hamm  A. McGuire  E. Riga 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(3):247-257

Sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium) and 1,3 dichloropropene are widely used in potato production for the control of soil-borne pathogens, weeds, and plant parasitic nematodes that reduce crop yield and quality. Soil fumigation with metam sodium has been shown in microcosm studies to significantly reduce soil microbial populations and important soil processes such as C and N mineralization. However, few published data report the impact of metam sodium on microbial populations and activities in potato production systems under field conditions. Fall-planted white mustard (Brassica hirta) and sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) cover crops may serve as an alternative to soil fumigation. The effect of metam sodium and cover crops was determined on soil microbial populations, soil-borne pathogens (Verticillium dahliae, Pythium spp., and Fusarium spp.), free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes, and C and N mineralization potentials under potato production on five soil types in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington. Microbial biomass C was 8–23% greater in cover crop treatments compared to those fumigated with metam sodium among the soil types tested. Replacing fumigation with cover crops did not significantly affect C or N mineralization potentials. Cumulative N mineralized over a 49-day laboratory incubation averaged 18 mg NO₃-N kg⁻¹ soil across all soil types and treatments. There was a general trend for N mineralized from fumigated treatments to be lower than cover-cropped treatments. Soil fungal populations and free-living nematode levels were significantly lowered in fumigated field trials compared to cover-cropped treatments. Fumigation among the five soil types significantly reduced Pythium spp. by 97%, Fusarium spp. by 84%, and V. dahliae by 56% compared to the mustard cover crop treatment. The percentage of bacteria and fungi surviving fumigation was greater for fine- than coarse-textured soils, suggesting physical protection of organisms within the soil matrix or a reduced penetration and distribution of the fumigants. This suggests the potential need for a higher rate of fumigant to be used in fine-textured soils to obtain comparable reductions in soil-borne pathogens.  相似文献   

Uptake of soil applied cadmium,nickel and selenium by bush beans     

K. S. Sajwani  W. H. Ornes  T. V. Youngblood  A. K. Alva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,91(3-4):209-217

A field study was conducted to determine the phytoavailability of Cd, Ni and Se to bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar. Blue Lake) when grown in an Orangeburg loamy sand (Typic Paleudult). The study was conducted using a completely randomized block design, with three metals (Cd, Ni, Se) and three metal concentrations (control, medium, and high). Application of metals either at high or medium levels did not influence the biomass production. Cadmium was relatively immobile and tended to accumulate mostly in the roots. Nickel and Se, however, tended to be more mobile in the plant as indicated by Ni accumulating equally in roots and pods and Se accumulating mostly in the roots but significantly greater than Cd and Ni in all plant parts. Our results indicate that bush beans exposed to Se had Concentration Factors (C.F.) of up to 250 in the pods and over 800 in roots. Cadmium had a C.F. of 4 in roots and negligible in above ground plant parts, while a Ni C.F. was 2 in roots and pods but negligible in leaves. This study provides evidence that Se has more potential for accumulation in bush beans than does Cd or Ni.  相似文献   

Field testing of different synthetic attractants for mass trapping of common European cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha [L.], Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae) adults     

Stanislav Trdan  Jana Čuk  Anka Poženel  Mojca Bavcon Kralj  Mojca Rot  Branko Carlevaris 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(2):174-180

Between 2012 and 2014, we tested the efficacy of different synthetic attractants for the purpose of massive trapping of common European cockchafer adults (Melolontha melolontha). The research took place in three different locations in Slovenia (Otlica, ?rni Vrh nad Idrijo, Cesta nad Ajdov??ino) during flight periods of adult beetles. In the period 2013–2014, we used, on the basis of the preliminary test results (2012), the following chemicals: toluquinone, cis–3–hexen–1-ol, ethyl acetate, toluquinone?+?cis–3 hexen–1-ol, and ethanol as a control. M. melolontha adults were most abundant in the location ?rni Vrh nad Idrijo; the traps in this location caught 18 times more of them than those in the first location and more than six times more than those in the third location. Male insects accounted for 73 to 87% of the trapped specimens. We confirmed the highest efficiency of cis–3–hexen–1-ol in 2013 (43.25?±?0.08 males/trap), as well as in 2014 (15.00?±?0.14 males/trap). On the basis of the trapped adult common European cockchafers and the simple economic analysis of applying different synthetic substances for attracting them, we found that independent application of cis-3-hexen-1-ol is the most efficient and cost-effective option for attracting the studied insect pest. Consequently, we recommend it as an attractant in the traps for massive trapping of adult common European cockchafers.  相似文献   

High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia--short communication     

Nikolić A  Dimitrijević S  Katić-Radivojević S  Klun I  Bobrć B  Djurković-Djaković O 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2008,56(3):335-340

To identify areas of risk for canine-related zoonoses in Serbia, the aim of this study was to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in 151 dogs (65 household pets, 75 stray and 11 military working dogs) from Belgrade. The following parasites, with their respective prevalences, were detected: Giardia duodenalis (14.6%), Ancylostomatidae (24.5%), Toxocara canis (30.5%), Trichuris vulpis (47.0%) and Taenia-type helminths (6.6%). Of all examined dogs, 75.5% (114/151) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. Of these, mixed infections with up to four species per dog occurred in 44.7% (51/114). Infections with all detected species were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in military working (100%) and stray dogs (93.3%) versus household pets (50.8%). Among all parasites, agents with zoonotic potential including Giardia, Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara were detected in 58.3% (88/151) of all examined dogs with a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the subgroups (100%, 62.7% and 46.2% for military working dogs, stray dogs and household pets, respectively). The high prevalence of zoonotic parasites registered in the dog population from a highly urban area in south-eastern Europe indicates a potential risk to human health. Thus, veterinarians should play an important role in helping to prevent or minimise zoonotic transmission.  相似文献   

Evidence of scientific research on organic plant breeding: A bibliometric study     

Bojan Mitrović  Miroslav Zorić  Sreten Terzić  Dalibor Živanov  Petar Čanak  Branko Milošević  Đura Karagić 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):407-417

Use of varieties bred under organic conditions is essential in order to minimize the yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture. The aim of this study was to analyse research publications related to the topic ‘organic plant breeding’ from the Web of Science database using bibliometric science mapping and visualization tools. The number of analysed documents in the bibliographic dataset was 204 from the 53 sources. The overall trend in the organic plant breeding literature showed that the number of publications increased during the observed time-span. We found that in total, 65 countries and 337 institutions are active in the field of organic plant breeding with a high degree of international collaboration. The top five countries according to the number of publications were the United States, Italy, Germany, France, and Canada, while the most active institutions were Wageningen University, Iowa State University, University of Alberta, University of Copenhagen, and University of Hohenheim. All keywords from the organic plant breeding research in the agronomy category were separated into seven clusters for different research topics. Although there is evident progress viewed through the increased trend in the number of publications, organic plant breeding needs further expansion and development. This is especially through the implementation of novel plant breeding techniques and methods aiming to improve traits that are highly specific to organic conditions.  相似文献   

Effects of cover crops on soil mineral nitrogen and on the yield and nitrogen content of maize   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Branko Kramberger  Anastazija Gselman  Marjan Janzekovic  Mitja Kaligaric  Brigita Bracko 《European Journal of Agronomy》2009,31(2):103-109

Current agricultural practice favours winter cover crops, which can not only optimize N management in field crop rotation; but also affect subsequent crops. Three field experiments were carried out in Eastern Slovenia to examine the effects of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), winter rape (Brassica napus ssp.oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk), subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) as winter cover crops on the mineral N (N_min) content of soil and on the yield and N content of subsequent maize (Zea mays L.), fertilized with 120 kg N ha⁻¹. Italian ryegrass and winter rape decreased soil N_min contents before winter and in spring more than both clovers. In contrast, clovers accumulated significantly higher amounts of N in organic matter and had lower C/N ratios than winter rape and especially Italian ryegrass. In comparison to the control (bare fallow without cover crop), clovers increased the whole above ground maize dry matter yield, maize grain yield and N contents in whole above ground plants and in grain. The yields and N contents of maize following winter rape were on the same level as the control, while yields and N contents of maize following Italian ryegrass were, in two of the experiments, at the same level as the control. The effects of Italian ryegrass on the maize as subsequent crop in the third experiment were markedly negative. Maize in the control treatment exploited N much more efficiently than in treatments with cover crops. Therefore, cover crop N management should be improved, especially with a view to optimizing the timing of net N mineralization in accordance with the N demands of the subsequent crop.  相似文献