Effects of Stocking Sac-Fry and Hatchery-Fed Fry on Production of Fingerling Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus     

Charles R.  Weirich  Clifford C.  O'Neal  Brendan C.  Delbos  C. Greg  Lutz 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2001,32(1):112-116

Abstract.— Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fry are typically held under hatchery conditions for 7 to 14 d after hatching to allow feeding and growth before they are stocked into nursery ponds to produce fingerling catfish. In an attempt to reduce hatchery operating costs, several catfish fingerling producers in Louisiana presently stock fry within 2 d after hatching before yolk absorption is complete. Fry at this stage of development are commonly referred to as "sac-fry." Although research has shown that fry can be stocked at the onset of yolk absorption with no detrimental effects on subsequent fingerling production, stocking sac-fry has been reported to result in reduced fingerling survival. To further investigate this topic, production trials were conducted in experimental outdoor pools over the course of two growing seasons to evaluate the effect of stocking fry of three different ages (2-, 7-, and 14-d post-hatch, DPH) on survival, growth (weight and length), condition factor (K), yield, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fingerling catfish. Results from both trials indicated that the age at which fry were stocked had no effect on production characteristics with the exception of growth. Specifically, fingerlings reared from fry stocked at 2 and 7 DPH were significantly larger than fingerlings reared from fry stocked at an age of 14 DPH. These findings suggest that the practice of stocking sac-fry may be a suitable alternative to the traditional procedure of holding and feeding fry under hatchery conditions prior to stocking. However, in order to fully evaluate the effects of early-age stocking of catfish fry on fingerling production, additional studies must be conducted under pond conditions. Furthermore, these studies must be coupled with a rigorous economic analysis before the practice of stocking sac-fry can be recommended to the catfish industry.  相似文献   

Unusual and Exotic Pet Veterinarian conference     

Anne Fowler  Brendan Carmel 《Australian veterinary journal》2005,83(12):729-729

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2015 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Seizure Management in Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

M. Podell  H.A. Volk  M. Berendt  W. Löscher  K. Muñana  E.E. Patterson  S.R. Platt 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(2):477-490

This report represents a scientific and working clinical consensus statement on seizure management in dogs based on current literature and clinical expertise. The goal was to establish guidelines for a predetermined, concise, and logical sequential approach to chronic seizure management starting with seizure identification and diagnosis (not included in this report), reviewing decision‐making, treatment strategies, focusing on issues related to chronic antiepileptic drug treatment response and monitoring, and guidelines to enhance patient response and quality of life. Ultimately, we hope to provide a foundation for ongoing and future clinical epilepsy research in veterinary medicine.  相似文献   

A review of factors influencing litter size in Irish sows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lawlor PG  Lynch PB 《Irish veterinary journal》2007,60(6):359-366

Many factors influence litter size. These include genetics, gilt management, lactation length, parity distribution, disease, stress and boar fertility. In the past 20 years, litter size in Irish sows has increased by only one pig. Born alive figures now average at 11.2 pigs per litter. In this regard, Ireland is falling behind our European competitors who have made significant advances over this time. Denmark, for example, has an average figure of 12.7 pigs born alive per litter and France an average of 12.5. The single area that could be improved immediately is sow feeding. It is important that sows are fed correctly throughout pregnancy. If over-fed during pregnancy, sows will have depressed appetite during lactation. If underfed in pregnancy, sows will be too thin at farrowing. The correct way to feed a pregnant sow is to match her feed allocation to her requirement for maintenance, body growth and growth of her developing foetuses. During lactation, sows should be given as much feed as they can eat to prevent excessive loss of body condition. Liquid-feed curves should be such that lactating sows are provided with a minimum mean daily feed supply of 6.2 kg. A small proportion of sows will eat more and this could be given as supplementary dry feed. Where dry feeding is practised in the farrowing house, it is difficult to hand-feed sows to match their appetite. Ideally ad libitum wet/dry feeders should be used. From weaning to service, sows should once again be fed ad libitum. If liquid feeding, this means giving at least 60 MJ DE (digestible energy) per day during this period. If dry feeding, at least 4 kg of lactation diet should be fed daily. The effort spent perfecting sow feeding management on units should yield high dividends in the form of increased pigs born alive per litter.  相似文献   

Acute tolerance and histopathological effects of ammonia on juvenile maroon clownfish Premnas biaculeatus (Block 1790)     

Ricardo Vieira Rodrigues  Luis Alberto Romano  Michael Hans Schwarz  Brendan Delbos  Luís André Sampaio 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(7):1133-1139

This study evaluated the median lethal concentration values (LC₅₀) and the histopathological effects of un‐ionized ammonia (NH₃^‐‐N) on juvenile maroon clownfish Premnas biaculeatus. After 96 h of exposure to different concentrations of ammonia, juveniles were sampled for histopathological evaluation. The 24 and 96 h LC50 values of NH₃^?‐N determined were 1.68 and 0.89 mg L^?1 respectively. Maroon clownfish exposed to different ammonia concentrations displayed histopathological alterations in the gills, kidney, liver and brain. Gill tissue damage included lamellar hyperplasia, lamellar shorting and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous cells. The kidney showed hyperanaemia, enlarged sinusoids within an apparently decreased amount of haematopoietic tissue, oedema on tubular cells and tubular necrosis, and an enlarged Bowman's capsule. The liver presented dilatation of hepatic sinusoids, fatty deposition in hepatocytes and Mallory bodies. Examination of the brain revealed a proliferation of glial cells, and the Virchow‐Robin space indicated a severe perivascular oedema and signs of neuronal suffering with satellitosis. The results of this study indicate that juvenile maroon clownfish are relatively sensitive to ammonia and particular attention must be given to this toxic compound in culture systems.  相似文献   

Treatment of partial seizures and seizure-like activity with felbamate in six dogs     

Ruehlmann D  Podell M  March P 《The Journal of small animal practice》2001,42(8):403-408

Six dogs with partial seizures or partial seizure-like activity were treated with the antiepileptic drug felbamate between 1993 and 1998. All dogs had a history and results of diagnostic testing suggestive of either primary (idiopathic) or occult secondary epilepsy. Dogs ranged between four months and eight years of age at the onset of seizure activity. The median time period between onset of the first seizure and the start of felbamate therapy was 3.8 months (range 0.75 to 36 months). Median duration of therapy was nine months (range two to 22 months). All dogs experienced a reduction in seizure frequency after felbamate administration. Median total number of seizures post-treatment was two (range 0 to 9). Two dogs had an immediate and prolonged cessation of seizure activity. Steady-state trough serum felbamate concentrations measured at two weeks, and one, 12 and 22 months after the commencement of therapy in four dogs ranged between 13 and 55 mg/litre (median 35 mg/litre). Reversible haematological adverse effects were detected in two dogs, with one dog developing concurrent keratoconjunctivitis sicca. These results suggest that felbamate can be an effective antiepileptic drug without life-threatening complications when used as monotherapy for partial seizures in the dog.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of bromide following high-dose oral potassium bromide administration in healthy Beagles     

March PA  Podell M  Sams RA 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2002,25(6):425-432

The pharmacokinetics of a multidose regimen of potassium bromide (KBr) administration in normal dogs was examined. KBr was administered at 30 mg/kg p.o. q 12 h for a period of 115 days. Serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bromide (BR) concentrations were measured at the onset of dosing, during the accumulation phase, at steady-state, and after a subsequent dose adjustment. Median elimination half-life and steady-state serum concentration were 15.2 days and 245 mg/dL, respectively. Apparent total body clearance was 16.4 mL/day/kg and volume of distribution was 0.40 L/kg. The CSF:serum BR ratio at steady-state was 0.77. Dogs showed no neurologic deficits during maintenance dosing but significant latency shifts in waves I and V of the brainstem auditory evoked response were evident. Following a subsequent dose adjustment, serum BR concentrations of approximately 400 mg/dL were associated with caudal paresis in two dogs. Estimated half-life during the accumulation phase was shorter than elimination half-lives reported in other studies and was likely related to dietary chloride content. The range of steady-state concentrations achieved suggests individual differences in clearance and bioavailability between dogs. The described protocol reliably produced serum BR concentrations that are required by many epileptic patients for satisfactory seizure control.  相似文献   

Retrieval of Additional Epinephrine from Adrenaclick-Style Epinephrine Autoinjectors     

Arun Ganti  Rebecca Pilkerton  Erika Falsgraf  Elizabeth Vanwert  Nathan Brouwer  Alexander Beyer  Brendan Byrne 《The Forestry Chronicle》2021,32(1):55-58

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Attitudes of Rural Communities Toward Dispersing African Wild Dogs in South Africa     

Daniel M. Parker  Brendan M. Whittington-Jones  Richard T. F. Bernard  Harriet T. Davies-Mostert 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2014,19(6):512-522

Subsistence pastoralists often view large carnivores negatively given that any loss of livestock is likely to represent a significant economic cost. Consequently, large carnivore conservation initiatives in rural landscapes should incorporate appropriate human–carnivore conflict mitigation strategies. In this study, structured interviews with local residents (n = 247) were used for determining attitudes toward African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) among rural communities neighboring two protected areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Contrary to expectations, the majority of respondents (58%) were generally positive toward wild dogs. This was probably due to a lack of livestock depredation by wild dogs and relatively high levels of formal education among respondents. Respondents with greater knowledge of wild dogs and conflict mitigation had more positive attitudes, and most were aware of effective husbandry techniques. The positive attitudes observed in these rural communities may benefit wild dog dispersal from natal home ranges and the future conservation of this endangered carnivore.  相似文献   

Use of advanced recombinant lines to study the impact and potential of mutations affecting starch synthesis in barley     

Thomas P. Howard  Brendan Fahy  Fiona Leigh  Phil Howell  Wayne Powell  Andy Greenland  Kay Trafford  Alison M. Smith 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

The effects on barley starch and grain properties of four starch synthesis mutations were studied during the introgression of the mutations from diverse backgrounds into an elite variety. The lys5f (ADPglucose transporter), wax (granule-bound starch synthase), isa1 (debranching enzyme isoamylase 1) and sex6 (starch synthase IIa) mutations were introgressed into NFC Tipple to give mutant and wild-type BC₂F₄ families with different genomic contributions of the donor parent. Comparison of starch and grain properties between the donor parents, the BC₂F₄ families and NFC Tipple allowed the effects of the mutations to be distinguished from genetic background effects. The wax and sex6 mutations had marked effects on starch properties regardless of genetic background. The sex6 mutation conditioned low grain weight and starch content, but the wax mutation did not. The lys5 mutation conditioned low grain weight and starch content, but exceptionally high β-glucan contents. The isa1 mutation promotes synthesis of soluble α-glucan (phytoglycogen). Its introgression into NFC Tipple increased grain weight and total α-glucan content relative to the donor parent, but reduced the ratio of phytoglycogen to starch. This study shows that introgression of mutations into a common, commercial background provides new insights that could not be gained from the donor parent.  相似文献