Suspected levamisole intoxication in calves     

KR Müller  C Dwyer 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(4):257-260

CASE HISTORY: A group of 32 Friesian and four Hereford calves, 3–4 months old with body weights between 100–120?kg, were purchased from a weaner sale. On arrival at the property the Hereford calves were treated with a combination anthelmintic containing 2?g/L abamectin and 80?g/L levamisole hydrochloride. Shortly afterwards they developed tremors and frothing from the mouth, and two died overnight. The Friesian calves were treated with the same anthelmintic on the following day, when some showed hypersalivation and frothing from the mouth.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Examination of the three most severely affected Friesian calves revealed severe nicotinic-type symptoms including hypersalivation, frothing from the mouth, muscle tremors, recumbency, rapid respiration, hyperaesthesia, and central nervous system depression. Other calves showed mild to moderate signs of intoxication including restlessness, tail switching, salivation, tremors, frequent defaecation, mild colic and jaw chomping. Two calves died shortly afterwards. An adverse drug event investigation revealed that the formulation and quality of the anthelmintic was within the correct specification, and that the drench gun was functioning correctly.

DIAGNOSIS: Suspected levamisole intoxication due to a combination of possible overdosing, dehydration, and stress caused by transportation and prolonged yarding.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Susceptibility to levamisole toxicity in New Zealand calves can be increased if factors like dehydration or stress are present. Levamisole has a narrow margin of safety, and overdosing in calves can easily occur if the dose rate is not based on their actual weight or health status.  相似文献   

Mental health in the veterinary profession: an individual or organisational focus?     

KR Hilton  KJ Burke  T Signal 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(1-2):41-48

The veterinary profession is experiencing a shortage of veterinarians, with attrition recognised as a substantial contributor. Research has also indicated increased levels of mental ill health and alarming suicide rates in practitioners. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of eleven modifiable workplace factors on mental health outcomes, job appreciation and intention to leave the veterinary profession. The second aim was to ascertain whether workplace factors influence mental health outcomes after controlling for individual resilience. An online survey was completed by 73 practising Australian veterinarians. Unfavourable workplace factors correlated with adverse outcomes including depression, stress, reduced job appreciation and increased likelihood of leaving both the role and the profession. Workplace factors remained linked with the outcomes of job appreciation, depression and stress whilst controlling for practitioner resilience. Job appreciation was a significant predictor of intention to leave both the current role and the profession. Via multiple linear regression, two categories were identified as associated with improved psychological outcomes and job appreciation. These were workplace factors that represent breaks from workload and control or decision latitude in the workplace. Whilst resilience represents a key area for intervention, workplace factors potentially represent an easier-to-modify area for intervention.  相似文献   

Effects of inorganic and organic copper supplemented to first-calf cows on cow reproduction and calf health and performance     

Muehlenbein EL  Brink DR  Deutscher GH  Carlson MP  Johnson AB 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(7):1650-1659

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the supplementation of Cu in the organic or inorganic form to 2-yr-old cows, before and after calving, affects reproduction rate, calf health and performance, passive transfer of immunoglobulin, or liver and serum Cu concentrations compared with unsupplemented controls. Cows (n = 75 in 1997; n = 120 in 1998) were randomly assigned by estimated calving date and body condition score to one of three treatments: 1) Control, control; 2) Inorganic, inorganic Cu supplement (200 mg Cu from CuSO4); 3) Organic, organic Cu supplement (100 mg Cu from AvailaCu). In 1998, a fourth treatment was added; 4) CU-ZN, organic Cu and Zn (400 mg Zn from AvailaZn in the Organic diet). Cows were fed a hay-based diet and individually fed supplements for approximately 45 d before and 60 d after calving (approximately January 15 to May 15 each year). Liver biopsies were obtained from cows before supplementation began, and from cows and calves at 10 and 30 d after calving. Blood samples were obtained from both cows and calves at calving, and colostrum samples were collected for IgG and mineral content. Cow liver Cu concentrations before supplementation began were 58 mg/kg in 1997 and 40 mg/kg (DM basis) in 1998. By 10 d after calving, liver Cu concentrations of Control cows had decreased (P < 0.05) to 24 mg/kg (Cu deficient) in both years, whereas liver Cu concentrations of Cu-supplemented cows increased (P < 0.05) in both years. Calf liver Cu concentrations at 10 d of age were similar (P > 0.10) for all treatment groups. No differences (P > 0.10) were found in colostrum Cu concentrations, or in calf health among treatments. No differences (P > 0.10) were found in cow BW change, calf serum Cu concentrations, calf weaning weights, or in cow 60-d pregnancy rates among treatments in either year. In 1998, cows in the Organic group had higher (P < 0.05) 30-d pregnancy rate than Control cows. Neither serum samples nor placental tissue were reliable indicators of Cu status in cows. Feeding supplemental Cu (either inorganic, organic, or organic with extra Zn) to cows with liver Cu concentrations of approximately 50 mg/kg before calving did not improve cow 60-d pregnancy rates or the health and performance of their calves when compared with unsupplemented cows.  相似文献   

Expression of Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) in Porcine Oocytes During Maturation     

RN Zhang  XW Fu  BY Jia  C Liu  KR Cheng  SE Zhu 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):875-880

Perilipins have been reported to limit the interaction of lipases with neutral lipids within the droplets, thereby regulating neutral lipid accumulation and utilization. This study aimed to identify the location and expression of PLIN1 and PLIN2 in porcine oocytes during maturation. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), immunostaining and Western blot methods were used to characterize the expression and distribution patterns of PLIN1 and PLIN2 in porcine oocytes. The results showed that PLIN1 was not detectable in porcine oocytes. PLIN2 and BODIPY 493/503‐detected neutral lipid droplets appeared identical distribution patterns and extensive colocalization in both GV and MII porcine oocytes. PLIN2 protein expression was higher in GV oocytes than that in MII oocytes (p < 0.05), although PLIN2 mRNA expression was similar in both groups. These findings suggested that PLIN2 was a major lipid droplet‐associated protein in porcine oocytes.  相似文献   

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity in serum from calves infected continuously or with a single dose of Dictyocaulus viviparus infective larvae     

H W Ploeger  J C Hoogeveen  A Kloosterman  R van den Brink 《Veterinary parasitology》1990,37(3-4):237-241

The activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in calves was monitored during two different regimens of lungworm infection. These different regimens were clearly reflected in the course of the respiratory rate, faecal larval output and liveweight gains, but not in the course of the ACE activity. It is concluded that ACE activity is significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased in calves experimentally infected with lungworms, but that it does not give additional information about the course of the infection, which also could not be obtained from the other parameters.  相似文献   

Pesticide toxicity using protozoans as test organisms   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

B. Schreiber  N. Brink 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1989,7(4):289-296

Summary A toxicity test using protozoa as test organisms was devised for pesticides. Two different methods were used, the most probable number method and the absorbance method (based on measurement of protozoa growth through absorbance). The ciliates Colpoda cucullus and Blepharisma undulans and the flagellate Oikomonas termo were isolated from different biological starter cultures and tested with the herbicides Chlorex, MCPA, dichlorprop and Matrigon, the fungicide Benlate, and the insecticide Sumicidin. The protozoans showed quite different sensitivities to the pesticides, using 9-h lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ and LC₁₀) as criteria. The 9-h LC₅₀ (concentration at which 50% of the protozeon population has died after 9 h of incubation) ranged from 0.7 ppm for Benlate to 40000 ppm for Chlorex. The usual soil application rates of Chlorex, MCPA, and Benlate were toxic to some of the organisms.  相似文献   

Primary Production in Antarctic Sea Ice     

KR Arrigo  DL Worthen  MP Lizotte  P Dixon  G Dieckmann 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,276(5311):394-397

A numerical model shows that in Antarctic sea ice, increased flooding in regions with thick snow cover enhances primary production in the infiltration (surface) layer. Productivity in the freeboard (sea level) layer is also determined by sea ice porosity, which varies with temperature. Spatial and temporal variation in snow thickness and the proportion of first-year ice thus determine regional differences in sea ice primary production. Model results show that of the 40 teragrams of carbon produced annually in the Antarctic ice pack, 75 percent was associated with first-year ice and nearly 50 percent was produced in the Weddell Sea.  相似文献   

THE COUMARIN CONTENT OF MELILOTUS DENTATA     

Brink RA  Roberts WL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1937,86(2219):41-42

  相似文献   

Pemoline levels in brain: enhancement by dimethyl sulfoxide   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J J Brink  D G Stein 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,158(807):1479-1480

Pemoline-C(14) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and injected intraperitoneally into rats was found in larger amounts in the brain than was a similar dose given in 0.3 percent tragacanth suspension. This appeared to be related to a partial breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in vivo by the dimethyl sulfoxide.  相似文献   

Feeding combinations of dry corn and wheat to finishing lambs and cattle     

K K Kreikemeier  R A Stock  D R Brink  R A Britton 《Journal of animal science》1987,65(6):1647-1654

Two finishing trials, one with lambs and one with cattle, were conducted to determine the effect of combinations of dry corn (whole or rolled) with dry rolled wheat on animal performance. The cattle (mixed crossbred yearlings) trial also evaluated methods of getting cattle to full feed by stepping-up using either grain combinations or dry rolled corn and then feeding the appropriate grain combination. In the lamb trial, as the level of dry whole corn increased in the diet of 80 Rambouillet X Suffolk lambs (29 kg), feed intake (linear, P less than .01), gain (linear, P less than .01; quadratic, P less than .15) and feed efficiency (linear, P less than .01; quadratic, P less than .15) were improved. The major improvement occurred in the first 30 d of feeding when feed efficiency was improved (linear, P less than .01; quadratic, P less than .01) by the inclusion of dry whole corn. In the cattle trial (272 mixed crossbred yearling cattle, avg = 358 kg), as the level of dry rolled corn increased, feed intake (linear, P less than .01), gain (linear, P less than .01; quadratic, P less than .01) and feed efficiency (linear, P less than .05; quadratic, P less than .05) were improved. Cattle fed 67 or 33% dry rolled corn with 33 or 67% dry rolled wheat gained 4% faster and 4.4% more efficiently than the average performance of cattle fed 100% corn or wheat. Cattle stepped-up on dry rolled corn and then switched to 100% wheat, tended to gain faster (.1 kg/d) than cattle stepped-up on 100% wheat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献