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Abstract. Electron microscopical and histopathological investigations were carried out on the anterior kidney often 1-year-old farmed rainbow trout naturally infected with the external signs of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS). The histopathology of the liver and the haematology of peripheral blood were also examined. The presumptive virus of VHS was directly demonstrated for the first time in the anterior kidney.
All diseased fishes showed necrotic changes in the kidney and the liver. The melano-macrophage centres of the anterior kidney showed a partial destruction accompanied with a loss of melanin. A progressive destruction of the erythrocytes was observed. The liver exhibited moderate to extensive necrosis (karyorrhexis and karyolysis with lymphocytic invasion in the necrotic areas). Neither intranuclear nor intracytoplasmatic inclusions were observed. In the peripheral blood diverse stages of erythrocytic degeneration, amitoses of the erythrocytes and a five-fold increase in lymphocyte numbers were observed. 相似文献
All diseased fishes showed necrotic changes in the kidney and the liver. The melano-macrophage centres of the anterior kidney showed a partial destruction accompanied with a loss of melanin. A progressive destruction of the erythrocytes was observed. The liver exhibited moderate to extensive necrosis (karyorrhexis and karyolysis with lymphocytic invasion in the necrotic areas). Neither intranuclear nor intracytoplasmatic inclusions were observed. In the peripheral blood diverse stages of erythrocytic degeneration, amitoses of the erythrocytes and a five-fold increase in lymphocyte numbers were observed. 相似文献
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SUSANNE A. E. B. BOROFFKA CHRISTIANE GÖRIG EDUARDO AURIEMMA MAARTJE H. A. C. PASSON‐VASTENBURG GEORGE VOORHOUT PAUL Y. BARTHEZ 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(6):540-544
We describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging aspects of normal canine optic nerve, the diameter of the optic nerve as measured on MR images, and optimal MR sequences for the evaluation of the optic nerve using a 0.2 T MR unit. Three millimeter contiguous slides of the normal canine orbital region were acquired in transverse and dorsal oblique planes using a variety of tissue weighting sequences. It was apparent that detailed anatomic assessment of the optic nerve can be performed with low‐field MR imaging, but none of the sequences provided unequivocal superior image quality of the optic nerve. The mean diameter of the optic nerve sheath complex was 3.7 mm and of the optic nerve 1.7 mm. The intraorbital and intracanalicular parts of the optic nerve are consistently visible and differentiation between the optic nerve and optic nerve sheath complex is possible using low‐field MR systems. 相似文献
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J. OLIVE M.‐A. D'ANJOU C. GIRARD S. LAVERTY C. L. THEORET 《Equine veterinary journal》2009,41(9):859-864
Reasons for performing study: Marginal osteophytes represent a well known component of osteoarthritis in man and animals. Conversely, central subchondral osteophytes (COs), which are commonly present in human knees with osteoarthritis, have not been reported in horses. Objectives: To describe and compare computed radiography (CR), single‐slice computed tomography (CT), 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histological features of COs in equine metacarpophalangeal joints with macroscopic evidence of naturally‐occurring osteoarthritis. Methods: MRI sequences (sagittal spoiled gradient recalled echo [SPGR] with fat saturation, sagittal T2‐weighted fast spin echo with fat saturation [T2‐FS], dorsal and transverse T1‐weighted gradient‐recalled echo [GRE], and sagittal T2*‐weighted gradient echo with fast imaging employing steady state acquisition [FIESTA]), as well as transverse and reformatted sagittal CT, and 4 computed radiographic (CR) views of 20 paired metacarpophalangeal joints were acquired ex vivo. Following macroscopic evaluation, samples were harvested in predetermined sites of the metacarpal condyle for subsequent histology. The prevalence and detection level of COs was determined for each imaging modality. Results: Abnormalities consistent with COs were clearly depicted on MRI, using the SPGR sequence, in 7/20 (35%) joints. They were identified as a focal hypointense protuberance from the subchondral plate into the cartilage, at the palmarodistal aspect (n = 7) and/or at the very dorsal aspect (n = 2) of the metacarpal condyle. COs were visible but less obvious in 5 of the 7 joints using FIESTA and reformatted sagittal CT, and were not identifiable on T2‐FS, T1‐GRE or CR. Microscopically, they consisted of dense bone protruding into the calcified cartilage and disrupting the tidemarks, and they were consistently associated with overlying cartilage defects. Conclusions: Subchondral osteophytes are a feature of osteoarthritis of equine metacarpophalangeal joints and they may be diagnosed using 1.5 Tesla MRI and CT. Potential relevance: Central subchondral osteophytes on MRI represent indirect evidence of cartilage damage in horses. 相似文献
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Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococci Isolated from Pigeons 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Résumé— La flore microbienne du nez de 45 pigeons voyageurs a été examinée selon la présence de bactéries virtuellement pathologiques. La plupart de bactéries isolées sont Staphylococcus intermedius et S. lentus, qui montrent une grande résistance envers les antibiotiques qui arrêtent la synthèse des proteines. Ces gènes de résistance sont localisés chez S. lentus sur les petits plasmides et chez S. intermedius surtout sur le chromosome. Ce fait correspond a l'état de S. intermedius des chiens, mais il y a une grande différence en comparison avec les autres espèces pathologiques des staphylocoques des bêtes et des êtres humains. La différence concerne non seulement le schème de l'antibiorésistance, mais aussi la localisation inhabituelle des gènes de résistance. Ces observations indiquent qu'il y aurait peut-être un échange de S. intermedius entre le pigeon et le chien, de sorte que le pigeon représenterait une source d'infection pour le chien. [Schwarz, S., Werckenthin, C. Antibiotic resistance in staphylococci isolated from pigeons (Résistance antibiotique aux souches de Staphylococcus intermedius isolées de pigeons). Zusammenfassung— Die mikrobielle Nasenflora von 45 Brieftauben wurde hinsichtlich des Vorkommens potentiell pathogener Bakterien untersucht. Staphylococcus intermedius und S. lentus Isolate wurden am häufigsten nachgewiesen und zeigten in hohem Maße Resistenzen gegenüber Anibiotika, die die bakterielle Proteinbiosynthese hemmen. Die entsprechenden Resistenzgene wurden bei S. lentusüberwiegend auf kleinen Plasmiden nachgewiesen, während sie bei S. intermedius ausschließlich chromosomal kodiert waren. Diesbezüglich entsprachen die S. intermedius Stämme von Tauben denen von Hunden, unterschieden sich aber deutlich von anderen pathogenen Staphylokokkenspezies von Tieren und Menschen sowohl in ihrem Resistenzmuster, als auch in der für Staphylokokken unüblichen subzellulären Lage der Resistenzgene. Diese Beobachtungen deuten auf einen möglichen Austausch von S. intermedius Stämmen zwischen Tauben und Hunden hin, wobei Tauben eine potentielle Infektionsquelle für Hunde darstellen könnten. [Schwarz, S., Werckenthin, C. Antibiotic resistance in staphylococci isolated from pigeons (Antibiotikaresistenz bei Staphylococcus intermedius von Tauben). Resumen— La flora bacteriana nasal de 45 palomas mensajeras fuera investigado respecto a la presencia de bacilos potencialamente patogenos. Isolaciones de Staphylococcus intermedius y S. lentus fueran probado lo mas frecuente y monstraban resistencias muy altas contra antibióticos lo que inhiben la biosintesis bacteriana de proteinas. Los genes de resisténcia adecuados de S. lentus fueran probado preponderantemente en plasmidos pequeños, mientras que en S. intermedius estaban codificado solamente cromosomal. En estas caracteristicas las cepas de S. intermedius de palomas conformen con aquellos de perros, pero se diferenciaban claramente de otras espécies patogenes de Staphylococcus de animales y de humanos no sólo en sus modelos de resisténcia sino también en la localisatión inusitado subcellular de los genes de resisténcia en los staphylococces. Estos obeservaciónes sugieran un intercambio posible de cepas de S. intermedius entre paloma y perro a los quales la paloma podria ser un fuente infeccioso para perros. [Schwarz, S., Werckenthin, C. Antibiotic resistance in staphylococci isolated from pigeons (Resisténcia de antibióticos de Staphylococcus intermedius de palomas). Abstract— A total of 45 carrier pigeons were investigated for the nasal carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Strains of Staphylococcus intermedius and S. lentus were frequently isolated and most were resistant to one or more antibiotics which inhibit bacterial protein biosynthesis. In S. lentus, the respective resistance genes could be detected on small plasmids, whereas they were carried on the chromosome in S. intermedius. Thus, S. intermedius from pigeons appeared similar to S. intermedius from dogs, but differed from other pathogenic staphylococci of human and animal origin not only in its resistance pattern, but also in the location of the resistance genes. This observation might indicate a possible exchange of S. intermedius strains between pigeons and dogs and consequently identify pigeons as a potential source of infection for dogs. 相似文献
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JULIEN OLIVE MARC‐ANDRÉ D'ANJOU CHRISTIANE GIRARD SHEILA LAVERTY CHRISTINE THEORET 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2010,51(2):107-115
The purpose was to evaluate the capacity of 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess articular cartilage in racehorses with naturally occurring metacarpophalangeal joint osteoarthritis. A sagittal, three‐dimensional spoiled gradient‐recalled echo (SPGR) with fat saturation (FS) sequence was acquired ex vivo on 20 joints. Following joint dissection, specific areas on the third metacarpal condyle were designated for subsequent sampling for histologic cartilage thickness measurement and modified Mankin scoring. Cartilage thickness was measured and cartilage signal intensity was also graded (0–3) on MR images at these selected metacarpal sites. Cartilage structure was graded (0–3) macroscopically and on MR images by two examiners in defined subregions of the proximal phalanx, third metacarpal, and proximal sesamoid bones. There was good precision (mean error 0.11 mm) and moderate correlation (r=0.44; P<0.0001) of cartilage thickness measurements between MR images (0.90±0.17 mm) and histology (0.79±0.16 mm). There was moderate correlation between modified Mankin histologic score and signal intensity of cartilage (r=0.36; P<0.01) or MR cartilage structure assessment (r=0.49, P>0.001) on SPGR‐FS. The sensitivity to detect full‐thickness cartilage erosion on MR was only moderate (0.56), and these lesions were often underestimated, particularly when linear in nature. However, the specificity to detect such lesions on MR was high (0.92). While few limitations were identified, the use of a clinically applicable SPGR‐FS sequence allows a reasonably accurate method to assess structural changes affecting the articular cartilage of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint. 相似文献
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