Bronchoalveolar lavage in horses: effect of exercise and repeated sampling on cytology     

CK CLARK  GD LESTER  T. VETRO  B. RICE 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(7):249-252

SUMMARY Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at weekly intervals in 10 Thoroughbred horses in race training (group 1) and in 4 rested horses (group 2) for 10 weeks. Lavages were continued on a weekly basis in 4 group 1 horses for an additional 9 weeks (group 3). Cytological analysis of samples included leukocyte counts, erythrocyte counts, differential leukocyte counts, and haemosiderophage score. The mean leukocyte concentration was significantly lower in group 1(92.1 ± 4.6 cells/μL) when compared with group 2 (133.5 ± 8.2 cells/μL), P = 0.037. The differential leukocyte data were not significantly different between groups. There was a large amount of variability in the percent-age of macrophages and lymphocytes in the differential counts over time with no obvious trends. The proportion of neutrophils demonstrated a tendency to decrease over time for both groups 1 and 2. Erythrocyte counts and haemosiderin scores were significantly higher in the exercising group than the rested horses. Neither exercise nor the technique itself evoked an inflammatory response in the BAL fluid.  相似文献   

Efficacy of topical eprinomectin in the treatment of Chorioptes sp. infestation in alpacas and llamas     

Plant JD  Kutzler MA  Cebra CK 《Veterinary dermatology》2007,18(1):59-62

Chorioptes sp. mite infestation is increasingly recognized as a cause of skin disease in New World camelids and there is a need for an effective treatment protocol to eliminate herd infestation. In this field trial, eprinomectin applied topically at the rate of 0.5 mg kg(-1) weekly for 10 weeks was found to be ineffective in a herd of 12 llamas and 16 alpacas.  相似文献   

Glucose tolerance testing in llamas and alpacas     

Cebra CK  Tornquist SJ  Van Saun RJ  Smith BB 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(5):682-686

OBJECTIVE: To determine blood glucose clearance in 2 species of New World camelids after IV challenge and to examine mechanisms of this clearance. ANIMALS: 5 adult female llamas and 5 adult gelded alpacas. PROCEDURE: After food was withheld for 12 hours, camelids received 0.5 g of glucose/kg of body weight by rapid IV infusion. Serum concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, cortisol, and insulin, and plasma concentrations of lactate were determined before and 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after infusion. Ratios of insulin to glucose and insulin to cortisol were calculated for each time point. RESULTS: Postinfusion glucose concentrations were significantly higher in llamas than alpacas for the first 15 minutes and remained significantly higher than baseline values in both species for 180 minutes. Lactate and cortisol concentrations did not change significantly; nonesterified fatty acid concentrations decreased in both species 30 minutes after infusion. Baseline insulin concentrations were < 6 microU/ml in both species and increased only to 10.1 +/- 0.7 microU/ml in llamas. Insulin concentrations did not change significantly in alpacas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Llamas and alpacas clear glucose more slowly than other domestic species after challenge, mainly because of a weak insulin response and slow cellular uptake. This response may impair the assimilation of exogenous glucose as well as make llamas and alpacas prone to diabetes-like disorders when an abundance of endogenous or exogenous glucogenic agents are present.  相似文献   

Minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in spontaneously breathing llamas and alpacas     

Grubb TL  Schlipf JW  Riebold TW  Cebra CK  Poland L  Zawadzkas X  Mailhot N 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(8):1167-1169

OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in spontaneously breathing llamas and alpacas. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult llamas and 6 healthy adult alpacas. PROCEDURE: Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane delivered with oxygen through a mask. An endotracheal tube was inserted, and a port for continuous measurement of end-tidal and inspired sevoflurane concentrations was placed between the endotracheal tube and the breathing circuit. After equilibration at an end-tidal-to-inspired sevoflurane concentration ratio > 0.90 for 15 minutes, a 50-Hz, 80-mA electrical stimulus was applied to the antebrachium until a response was obtained (ie, gross purposeful movement) or for up to 1 minute. The vaporizer setting was increased or decreased to effect a 10 to 20% change in end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, and equilibration and stimulus were repeated. The MAC was defined as the mean of the lowest end-tidal sevoflurane concentration that prevented a positive response and the highest concentration that allowed a positive response. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD MAC of sevoflurane was 2.29 +/- 0.14% in llamas and 2.33 +/- 0.09% in alpacas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The MAC of sevoflurane in llamas and alpacas was similar to that reported for other species.  相似文献   

Panniculitis in a horse with peripancreatitis and pancreatic fibrosis.     

Laura H Waitt  Christopher K Cebra  Susan J Tornquist  Christiane V L?hr 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(4):405-408

A 22-year-old pinto mixed breed mare was admitted for evaluation of severe colic signs and gastric reflux. Multiple nonpainful, variably sized hard masses were palpated in the subcutis over the thorax, abdomen, and hindquarters of the horse. The mare was diagnosed with sterile peritonitis and had systemically high gamma-glutamyltransferase, amylase, and lipase. Three days into treatment she became febrile with signs of persistent and mild abdominal discomfort; euthanasia was elected. Necropsy revealed peripancreatitis, pancreatic fibrosis, abdominal steatitis and panniculitis. Panniculitis associated with peripancreatitis has been described in humans and dogs but not in horses. Pathogenic models for this entity are discussed.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Pulmonary bullous emphysema with pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema.     

B Gilroy  C K Cebra 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,215(4):475-476

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评估调质时间和温度对猪颗粒饲料淀粉糊化度和维生素沉积的影响     

Lewis LL  Stark CR  Fahrenholz AC  Bergstrom JR  Jones CK 《广东饲料》2015,24(5)

本论文研究了饲料加工的两个关键参数(调质温度和时间)对育肥猪颗粒饲料淀粉糊化度和维生素沉积的影响。日粮配方为含30%干酒糟及其可溶物的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮。整个试验中配方保持不变。本试验采用2×3双因子设计,调质温度分别为77℃和88℃,调质时间分别15秒、30秒和60秒。此外,本试验还设置一个对照组,对照组饲料不采用调质制粒工艺,而是采用粉料饲喂。因此,本试验共有7个处理组。采集调质后制粒前(热干粉)、制粒后冷却前(热制粒)、以及制粒冷却后(冷制粒)的样品,并分析这三种样品的总淀粉率、淀粉糊化  相似文献   

Morphine Synovial Fluid Concentrations After Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion in Standing Horses          下载免费PDF全文

Barbara G. Hunter DVM  MS  Jill E. Parker VMD  Diplomate ACVS  Rita Wehrman DVM  Bernadette Stang MS  Christopher K. Cebra VMD  MS  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(6):679-686

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Changes in the fish species composition of all Austrian lakes >50 ha during the last 150 years     

D. ZICK  & H. GASSNER  P. FILZMOSER  J. WANZENBÖCK  B. PAMMINGER-LAHNSTEINER  & G. TISCHLER 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2006,13(2):103-111

Abstract  The fish communities of all Austrian natural lakes ( n  = 43) larger than 50 ha in surface area were assessed and the historical fish communities in c . 1850 were reconstructed. During the last 150 years, the fish communities of Austrian lakes have altered: in 49% of lakes at least one indigenous fish species, usually sensitive or small-bodied taxa, is now missing. Conversely, in all but one of the 43 lakes the number of fish species has increased. In particular, certain fish species of interest to angling and commercial fisheries now occur in more lakes. Generalised linear models were used to identify variables that would explain the loss of fish species using categories of lake use (ranking score). The category human population density around the lakes seemed to be one of the main causes for the loss of fish species.  相似文献   

工业型城乡交错区土壤重金属含量及其空间分异的特征-以无锡典型城乡交错区为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

ZHAO Yan-Feng  SHI Xue-Zheng  HUANG Biao  YU Dong-Sheng  WANG Hong-Jie  SUN Wei-Xi  I. &#;BOERN  K. BLOMB&#;CK 《土壤圈》2007,17(1):44-51

Phosphorus （P） is necessary for growth and nitrogen fixation, and thus its deficiency is a major factor limiting legume production in most agricultural soils. The effect of phosphorus supply on nodule development and its role in soybeans （Glycine max L.） was studied in a nutrient solution. Plants were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and grown for 35 days in a glasshouse at a day and night temperature of 25℃ and 15℃, respectively. Although increasing P supply increased the concentrations of P and N in the shoots and roots, the external P supply did not significantly affect the P concentration in the nodules, and the N fixed per unit nodule biomass decreased with increasing P supply. The nitrogen content in the shoots correlated well with the P content （r=0.92＊＊）. At an inoculation level of 10^2 cells mL^-1, the P supply did not affect the number of nodules; however, at inoculation levels of 10^3.5 and 10^5 cells mL^-1, increasing P supply increased both the number and size of nodules. Irrespective of the inoculation level, increasing P supply increased the nodule biomass relative to the biomass of the host plant. It is suggested that the P deficiency specifically inhibited the nodule development and thereby the total N2 fixation.  相似文献