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JIANG Cheng-Gong SHI Hui-Min WANG Hong-Wu LI Kun HUANG Chang-Ling LIU Zhi-Fang WU Yu-Jin LI Shu-Qiang HU Xiao-Jiao MA Qing 《作物学报》1962,47(2):285-293
In this study, a stable small kernel mutant, named small kernel 7 (smk7), was isolated from ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of maize inbred line B73. Compared with wild type, the smk7 mutants showed smaller kernel size, defective embryo and endosperm development and a significant decrease in 100-kernel weight. The smk7 kernels showed a low level of germination rate at 10% and cannot grow into normal plants. No significant changes were detected in protein, starch and oil content between mature wild type and smk7 kernels, but the starch grains became significantly smaller and irregular in smk7 kernels compared with wild type. The smk7 kernels could be clearly distinguished from the wild type as early as 12 days after pollination (DAP), on the basis of their smaller and emptier phenotype. Microscopic inspection of the paraffin sections revealed that the development of embryo and endosperm were delayed, and the cell wall in growth in basal endosperm transfer layers (BETL) were arrested in smk7 compared with wild type. The F2 populations with multiple backgrounds were constructed by crossing heterozygous plants (+/smk7) with several other inbred lines. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Based on genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) strategy, the SMK7 was initially mapped on the short arm of chromosome 2. The fine mapping results suggested that SMK7 was located between markers RM1433917 and RM1535316, with a physical distance of 120 kb. There were eight protein-coding genes in this region. This study laid a foundation for further genes cloning and research of the SMK7 function in regulating maize kernel development. 相似文献
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玉米茎秆耐穿刺强度的倒伏遗传研究 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
以沈单16和郑单958玉米单交种构成的六世代群体为材料,利用自行设计的玉米茎秆穿刺仪,对玉米地上第三茎节中部椭圆形短轴垂直于茎秆进行穿刺,测定玉米茎秆穿刺阻力。通过P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1和BC2 6个世代联合分析法,以玉米茎秆穿刺阻力为性状,研究控制玉米茎秆倒伏性的基因遗传分离规律。结果表明,该性状在两个单交种的F2分离世代群体均呈双峰分布,BC1和BC2群体分离世代呈多峰分布,说明玉米茎秆耐穿刺性遗传为多基因数量性状控制,且符合一对加-显主基因＋加-显-上位性多基因遗传模型(即D模型);主基因遗传力为34.5%~45.7%,多基因遗传力41.6%~56.3%,两者在控制玉米茎秆耐穿刺遗传特性上都具有重要作用。这一研究结果为玉米抗倒伏性状的有效选择提供方法和理论依据。 相似文献
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利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对玉米自交系B73进行诱变,获得一个可以稳定遗传的小籽粒突变体smk7(small kernel 7)。smk7成熟籽粒表现为体积变小,胚和胚乳发育缺陷,百粒重显著降低。突变籽粒发芽率仅为10%,且幼苗黄化不能生长成正常植株。成熟smk7胚乳中淀粉、蛋白、油分含量与野生型籽粒相比无显著差异,但突变体胚乳淀粉粒体积明显变小且形状不规则。smk7突变籽粒在授粉后12 d即可观察到明显的小籽粒和空瘪表型,石蜡切片显微观察显示突变籽粒的胚和胚乳发育迟缓,胚乳基部转移层细胞(BETL)相对于野生型细胞壁向内生长减少,发育受阻。用杂合植株(+/smk7)与多个自交系分别杂交,构建不同背景的F2分离群体,遗传分析结果表明该性状受单隐性核基因控制。利用靶向测序基因型分型(genotyping by target sequencing,GBTS)技术将基因初定位于2号染色体短臂,进一步精细定位发现该基因位于RM1433917和RM1535316两个标记之间约120 kb的物理范围内,共有8个蛋白编码基因。本研究为进一步克隆和解析SMK7基因调控玉米籽粒发育的分子机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Zhao PL Liu CL Huang W Wang YZ Yang GF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5697-5700
Strobilurin derivatives have become one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicide due to a novel action mode, wide fungicidal spectrum, lower toxicity toward mammalian cells, and environmentally benign characteristics. To discover new strobilurin analogues with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of new chalcone-based strobilurin derivatives are designed and synthesized by integrating a chalcone scaffold with a strobilurin pharmacophore. The preliminary bioassay showed that some of the chalcone analogues exhibited good in vivo fungicidal activities against Pseudoperoniospora cubensis and Sphaerotheca fuliginea at the dosage of 200 microg mL(-1). Two compounds, (E)-methyl 2-[2-({3-[(E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)acryloyl]phenoxy}methyl)phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate (1e) and (E)-methyl 2-[2-({3-[(E)-3-(3-bromophenyl)acryloyl]phenoxy}methyl)phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate (1l), were found to display higher fungicidal activities against P. cubensis (EC90=118.52 microg mL(-1) for 1e and EC90=113.64 microg mL(-1) for 1l) than Kresoxim-methyl (EC90=154.92 microg mL(-1)) and were identified as the most promising candidates for further study. The present work demonstrated that strobilurin analogues containing chalcone as a side chain could be used as a lead structure for further developing novel fungicides. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the syntheses and fungicidal activities of chalcone-based strobilurin derivatives. 相似文献
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SHI Hui-Min JIANG Cheng-Gong WANG Hong-Wu MA Qing LI Kun LIU Zhi-Fang WU Yu-Jin LI Shu-Qiang HU Xiao-Jiao HUANG Chang-Ling 《作物学报》2020,46(9):1359-1367
籽粒是玉米的主要营养储存器官,也是禾本科植物种子发育研究的模式器官。本研究对玉米自交系郑58进行甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变,获得一个稳定遗传的籽粒缺陷突变体,命名为defective kernel 48 (dek48)。该突变体籽粒皱缩扁小,百粒重显著降低,胚和胚乳发育严重缺陷,不能成苗。在玉米授粉后12 d即可观察到明显的发育缺陷,表明该突变发生在籽粒发育的早期阶段。扫描电镜观察发现dek48与野生型相比淀粉粒显著变小。石蜡切片显微观察发现dek48淀粉胚乳填充不饱满,糊粉层细胞发育不规则。遗传学分析表明,该突变性状受隐性单基因控制。进一步构建F2遗传定位群体,将该突变体基因精细定位于3号染色体7.39 Mb～7.52 Mb之间。生物信息学分析发现该区间内有6个开放阅读框,暂未发现与籽粒发育有关的已知基因,后续将通过测序和基因表达分析进一步确定候选基因。 相似文献
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Wen-Liang Lai Lih-Fu Chen Shao-Wei Liao Shu-Lin Hsu Li-Ho Tseng Chang-Ling Miaw 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,186(1-4):43-53
This study conducted a two-stage experiment. The first stage attempted to establish biostable filter beds. Two parameters, total bacterial count (TBC) and non-purgeable dissolved carbon (NPDOC), measured by passing through a 0.2 μm membrane filter, were selected to compare the difference of biostability of a filtration system with recirculation with different O3-to-NPDOC ratios of filtered water. The excitation emission fluorescence matrix (EEFM) was used as an effective tool for understanding information regarding organic characteristics by comparing source filtered water before and after ozonation and the effluent during biostablizing filter. During the second stage, a biostable filter was used to compare differences in biodegradability of ozonated products sodium oxalate and sodium acetate. Experimental results demonstrate that both parameters, NPDOC removal and TBC, can be utilized to evaluate the biostabilty of a filter bed. With each parameter, a plateau was reached in roughly 20 days. The source water from Chen Ching Lake (CCL) contained a protein-like substance determined by the EEFM. This protein-like substance was also destroyed by O3/NPDOC?=?1.1. Soluble microbial products (SMPs) released from the biostablizing filter into the effluent have two peaks in the EEFM, identified as protein-like and humic-like acid. The NPDOC removal for the biostabilizing filter using O3/NPDOC?=?1.7 was less than that using O3/NPDOC?=?1.1. Bacterial counts in the effluent from the biostabilizing filter using O3/NPDOC?=?1.1 was better than that of O3/NPDOC?=?1.7. This difference can be explained by the high ratio of O3/NPDOC producing by-products of ozonation that were easily utilized by microorganisms; however, filter bed also released relatively more SMPs owing to increased proliferation of microorganisms attached to glass pellets in the filter. Regarding the differences in decomposition of the by-products of ozonation by the biostable filter, such as sodium oxalate, the NPDOC removal at O3/NPDOC?=?1.1 was better than that at O3/DOC?=?1.7. This phenomenon can be explained as previously mentioned. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The lead coumarin derivative (E)‐methyl 3‐methoxy‐2‐[2‐(4‐methylcoumarin‐7‐yloxymethyl)phenyl]acrylate was discovered by using an intermediate derivatisation method. To discover new coumarin derivatives with improved activity, a series of substituted coumarins were synthesised and bioassayed. RESULTS: The compounds were identified by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. Bioassays demonstrated that some of the title compounds exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against cucumber downy mildew at 25 mg L?1. The relationship between structure and fungicidal activity is reported. CONCLUSION: The present work demonstrates that coumarin derivatives containing methoxyacrylate moieties can be used as possible lead compounds for developing novel fungicides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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不同密度下玉米穗部性状的QTL分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究玉米穗部性状对不同种植密度的遗传响应,以郑58和HD568为亲本构建的220个重组自交系群体为材料,于2014年春、2014年冬及2015年春分别在北京和海南进行3个种植密度的田间试验,调查玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数和行粒数等表型性状。利用SAS软件计算穗部性状的最优线性无偏估计值(BLUP),并采用完备区间作图法进行QTL定位。结果表明,在3个种植密度下共检测到42个QTL,单个QTL可解释4.20%~14.07%的表型变异。3个种植密度下同时检测到位于第2染色体上控制穗行数的QTL。2个种植密度下同时检测到4个与穗粗、穗行数和行粒数有关的QTL,其中第4染色体上1个与穗行数有关的主效QTL,在低、中种植密度下可分别解释表型变异的10.88%和14.07%。此外,在第2、4和9染色体上检测到3个同时调控不同穗部性状的QTL。研究结果表明玉米穗部性状在不同种植密度下的遗传调控发生变化,在不同密度下共同检测到的稳定QTL可应用于精细定位或开发玉米耐密性分子标记用于辅助育种。 相似文献