Major antigenic groups of rabies virus in Canada determined by anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

W A Webster  G A Casey  K M Charlton 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1986,9(1):59-69

A total of 123 rabies virus isolates from various geographical areas in Canada were characterized by a panel of 43 anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. Four major antigenic groups are found in terrestrial mammals: "Canadian Arctic" from Ontario, Quebec and the Northwest Territories; "south-eastern Georgian Bay" from Ontario; "south mid-central skunk" from Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba; and "Brook's, Alberta skunk" from a restricted area in Alberta. Bat isolates can be divided into 4 major antigenic groups: "B-1" in Eptesicus fuscus from Ontario; "B-2" in a variety of bat species from British Columbia eastward into Ontario; "B-3" in Myotis spp. from Ontario and New Brunswick; and "B-4" in E. fuscus from Alberta and Saskatchewan. A single case of bat to horse transmission of rabies virus is recorded. These street isolates are compared with isolates of fixed virus. Epidemiological aspects are discussed.  相似文献   

Atlantic Canada. Bat-induced rabies in terrestrial mammals in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland          下载免费PDF全文

Webster WA  Casey GA  Charlton KM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(8):679

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Juvenile lymphoma in a Holstein heifer          下载免费PDF全文

Charlton KW  Ferguson WG 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1990,31(6):459

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Serum biochemical values in the skunk          下载免费PDF全文

Smart NL  Charlton KM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1990,31(3):223

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Spermatic and oxidative profile of domestic cat (Felis catus) epididymal sperm subjected to different cooling times (24, 48 and 72 hours)          下载免费PDF全文

DSR Angrimani  KK Nagai  BR Rui  LC Bicudo  JDA Losano  MM Brito  MCP Francischini  M Nichi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):163-170

Cooling stored epididymal samples for several days allows facilities to transport and process genetic material post‐mortem. Improvements to this practice allow the preservation of sperm from domestic cats, which are the ideal study model for wild felids. However, the modifications in spermatic features and the oxidative profile are not fully understood in cats. This information is necessary for the development of biotechniques, such as new extenders for cryopreservation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the spermatic and oxidative profile in samples from the epididymal cauda of domestic cats cooled at 5°C for 24, 48 and 72 hr. Spermatozoa were collected from the epididymis cauda. Evaluations consisted of computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA), plasma membrane integrity (eosin/nigrosin), acrosome integrity (fast green/rose bengal), sperm morphology, sperm DNA integrity (toluidine blue), mitochondrial activity (3′3 diaminobenzidine), activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), measurement of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein oxidation. A decrease in sperm motility parameters was observed after 72 hr of cooling (i.e. total and progressive) with a higher percentage of minor (37.7 ± 6.3%) and total defects (53.4 ± 6.3%). Additionally, a decrease in high mitochondrial activity (Class I: 16.6 ± 2.2%) occurred after 72 hr. The decrease in motility rates after a long cooling time probably was caused by the increase in sperm abnormalities. A long cooling time causes cold shock and mitochondrial exhaustion, but there was no observed change with the oxidative stress condition. Therefore, cat epididymal sperm stored at 5°C appear to maintain a high quality for up to 48 hr of cooling time.  相似文献   

A fast,low‐cost and efficient method for the diagnosis of sperm DNA fragmentation in several species          下载免费PDF全文

BR Rui  DSR Angrimani  LC Bicudo  JDA Losano  M Nichi  RJG Pereira 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):171-175

Sperm DNA fragmentation is a condition that interferes directly in the reproductive efficiency. Currently, there are several methods for assessing the sperm DNA integrity, such as Alkaline Comet, TUNEL and Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay. However, many of these techniques are laborious and require high‐precision equipment. Thus, the development of new techniques can optimize the evaluation of sperm DNA damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to standardize the toluidine blue (TB) stain technique for the analysis of DNA fragmentation of dog, cat, bull, stallion and ram spermatozoa. For this purpose, we used six animals of each specie (n = 30), in reproductive age. Sperm was collected by different methods according to the particularities of each species, and such samples were divided into two aliquots: a sperm sample was kept at 5°C (considered as intact sperm DNA), and the remaining samples were submitted to the induction of DNA fragmentation by exposure to ultraviolet light for 4 hr. Samples were then mixed with the intact sample to obtain known and progressive proportions of sperm with fragmented DNA (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Semen smears were performed and subjected to staining with TB. Blue‐stained spermatozoa were considered to have DNA fragmentation. We observed high linear regression coefficients between the expected proportion of damaged DNA and the results of TB for dog, cat, ram, bull and stallion samples. In conclusion, TB stain was considered a fast and effective technique for the study of spermatozoa DNA in several species.  相似文献   

Spontaneous listeric encephalitis and neuritis in sheep. Light microscopic studies   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

K M Charlton  M M Garcia 《Veterinary pathology》1977,14(4):297-313

Sixteen of 17 sheep with spontaneous listeric encephalitis had neuritis characterized by diffuse and focal intrafascicular and perineural accumulations of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and neutrophils in one or more cranial nerves. Nine sheep had extensive trigeminal neuritis which was usually unilateral. Brain lesions were mainly in the stem and were foci of macrophages or neutrophils or both, malacia, neutrophilic neuronophagia, vascular cuffing, and meningitis. Lesions in the brain and trigeminal ganglia were most severe on the same side as the affected trigeminal nerve. Gram-positive bacilli were in proximal parts of cranial nerves in foci of inflammatory cells and occasionally in morphologically intact nerve fibers. Organisms in the brain were in phagocytes in areas of inflammation and in scattered neurons and axons. The results were consistent with centripetal migration of the infectious agent along one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve to the brain and dissemination in the brain stem occurring, at least partly, along fiber tracts. Intraaxonal movement of bacteria probably is a mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.  相似文献   

Experimental rabies in skunks: persistence of virus in denervated muscle at the inoculation site.   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

K M Charlton  G A Casey 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1981,45(4):357-362

Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were inoculated into the denervated abductor digiti quinti muscle with street rabies virus. They were killed at various times after inoculation and several tissues were examined by immunofluorescence and light microscopy. Muscle at the inoculation site was examined electron microscopically. Rabies antigen was detected in muscle fibers first on day 7 and persisted until day 28. Light and electron microscopic lesions at the inoculation site included atrophic and degenerating muscle fibers and a few focal and regional endomysial accumulations of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Scattered myocytes contained bodies of matrix, virions and anomalous tubular structures on electron microscopic examination. The results indicate that replication of rabies virus may occur in infected muscle fibers at the inoculation site until 28 days after exposure. This could contribute to variations in the incubation period for the first two to three months after exposure. However, the results do not support the contention that virus is contained in striated muscle cells throughout the long incubation periods.  相似文献   

Experimental rabies in skunks: oral, nasal, tracheal and intestinal exposure.          下载免费PDF全文

K M Charlton  G A Casey 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1979,43(2):168-172

Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were exposed to challenge virus standard rabies virus by feeding infected mouse brain in suspension or as intact brain free choice, by forced feeding of suspension, and by intranasal, intratracheal and intraintestinal instillation of suspension. All of five skunks exposed intranasally, two of five exposed intratracheally and two of ten exposed by forced feeding developed rabies. None of the skunks exposed to challenge virus standard virus, by other methods, became rabid. Most of the survivors, when challenged intramuscularly with street rabies virus at six months, developed rabies. The results indicate that the skunk is much more susceptible to challenge virus standard rabies virus given intranasally than by the other methods used. When disease occurs following oral administration, infection may be associated with prolonged contact with buccal mucosa or accidental contact with nasal mucosa. Survivors had little or no protection when challenged intramuscularly with street rabies virus.  相似文献   

Mutants of rabies viruses in skunks: immune response and pathogenicity.          下载免费PDF全文

N D Tolson  K M Charlton  R B Stewart  G A Casey  W A Webster  K MacKenzie  J B Campbell    K F Lawson 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1990,54(1):178-183

In studies to develop an oral rabies vaccine for wildlife, the immune response to and pathogenicity of two types of mutants of rabies viruses were examined. Forty-five small plaque mutants were selected from cultures of ERA rabies virus treated with 8-azaguanine or 5-fluorouracil and tested for pathogenicity in mice. Two of these mutants AZA 1 and AZA 2 (low pathogenicity in mice) were given to skunks by oral (bait), intestinal (endoscope) and intramuscular routes. Additionally, challenge virus standard (CVS) rabies virus and mutants of this and ERA rabies virus (CVS 3766 and 3713, and ERA 3629) that were resistant to neutralization by specific antiglycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (and apathogenic in mice) were tested by various routes in skunks. Skunks given AZA 1 and AZA 2 were challenged at three months postinoculation with street rabies virus. After oral administration, there were very low rates of seroconversion with AZA 1 and AZA 2 and on challenge only 2/7 given AZA 1 and 1/8 given AZA 2 survived. None of the skunks given the other mutants orally seroconverted. AZA 2 produced a high rate of seroconversion (8/8) by the intestinal route and all challenged skunks in this group survived (7/7). All skunks vaccinated intramuscularly with AZA 1 (4/4) or AZA 2 (4/4) developed high levels of rabies neutralizing antibodies and survived challenge. The mutant CVS 3766, while apathogenic when given intracerebrally to adult mice, was consistently pathogenic by this route (and intranasally) in skunks. These results demonstrate that skunks are highly resistant to oral immunization by live rabies virus vaccines and that pathogenicity (by intracerebral route) of the mutant CVS 3766 is markedly different in mice and skunks.  相似文献