Comparison of a putative second serotype of chicken infectious anemia virus with a prototypical isolate I. Pathogenesis     

Spackman E  Cloud SS  Pope CR  Rosenberger JK 《Avian diseases》2002,46(4):945-955

CIAV-7 is a virus with similar pathogenic and physicochemical characteristics to, but antigenically distinct from, chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV). The pathogenesis of CIAV-7 was evaluated in a comparative study with a representative isolate of CIAV, the Del-Ros strain. The pathogenesis of CIAV-7 was similar to Del-Ros on the basis of the clinical disease induced and gross and microscopic lesions, although CIAV-7 produced fewer and less severe lesions overall. A second comparative pathogenesis study was performed with Del-Ros and CIAV-7, both alone and in combination with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In this study, the pathogenesis of CIAV-7 was similar to Del-Ros in clinical, gross, and microscopic lesions in the bone marrow. However, thymic lesions were less severe in CIAV-7-inoculated birds. The interaction between Del-Ros and IBDV was synergistic, whereas there was no observed potentiation of CIAV-7-induced disease by IBDV. Progeny from breeder flocks from several geographic locations in the eastern United States were challenged with CIAV-7 or Del-Ros to assess protection by maternal antibodies. Some progeny from all flocks had protection against CIAV-7 challenge, providing evidence for the presence of CIAV-7 in the field. Additionally, the number of birds protected against CIAV-7 or Del-Ros challenge varied within flocks, demonstrating that the agents are serologically distinct.  相似文献   

Fertility of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) gametes: Gamete viability in artificial media     

A.W. Erdahl  J.G. Cloud  E.F. Graham 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1987,60(3-4):323-332

A series of experiments was performed to test the effect of potassium ions (K⁺) on the storage of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) sperm cells and eggs. Storage of eggs for up to 10 min in saline solutions, extender with K⁺ concentrations of ≤3.4 mM and coelomic fluid did not affect fertility. Fish Extender #6 had a detrimental effect on eggs within 15 s of application and reduced fertility to near zero within 10 min. Variation in the K⁺ concentration indicated that high (≥6.8 mM) concentrations decreased egg fertility while low (≤3.4 mM) concentrations had no effect on fertility. Insemination of eggs before the addition of Fish Extender #6 allowed storage for 14 h. Semen diluted (1:10) in coelomic fluid maintained fertility for 45 s, whereas semen diluted (1:1) in coelomic fluid maintained fertility for 60 min. Fish Extender #6 at K⁺ concentrations between 0 mM and 68 mM had no effect on fertility of semen diluted 1:2.5 after 1 h of storage.  相似文献   

Formation of a Reservoir of Sperm in the Oviduct   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SS Suarez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(3):140-143

A reservoir of sperm in the initial segment of the oviduct has been found in several species of domestic and laboratory mammals. Evidently, the reservoir serves to ensure successful fertilization by providing the appropriate number of sperm in the appropriate physiological state for fertilizing oocytes soon after they enter the oviduct. Recent evidence indicates that sperm are trapped in the reservoir by binding to specific carbohydrate moieties on the surface of the mucosal epithelium of the oviduct. A bovine seminal plasma protein has been identified that associates with sperm and confers on them the capacity to bind to the carbohydrate moiety.  相似文献   

Micromorphology and surface characteristics of lunar dust and breccia     

Cloud P  Margolis SV  Moorman M  Barker JM  Licari GR  Krinsley D  Barnes VE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):776-778

Although nothing of direct biologic interest was observed in the sample studied, small shaped glass particles and glazed pits resemble objects which elsewhere have been described as fossils. These features, although nonbiological, do bear on processes of lunar weathering and outgassing. The glazed pits are impact features. Fusion of their surfaces released gases. Electron microscopy of the glasses, pits, and angular microfractured mineral grains indicates a prevalence of destructive weathering processes-thermal expansion and contraction, abrasion by by-passing particles, and, of course, impact. ous at room temperature.  相似文献   

Pteridinium and the precambrian-cambrian boundary     

Ford TD  Cloud PE  Nelson CA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(3791):957-958

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Serological evidence for the presence of Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava in Australian pigs     

RJ RICHAPPEL  WA ELLIS†  B ADLER‡  L AMON  BD MILLAR§  SS ZHU  RW PRIM§ 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(5):119-120

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Protection afforded infectious bronchitis virus-vaccinated sentinel chickens raised in a commercial environment     

J Gelb  J K Rosenberger  P A Fries  S S Cloud  E M Odor  J E Dohms  J S Jaeger 《Avian diseases》1989,33(4):764-769

The protective efficacy of three infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines for sentinel chickens raised with commercial Delmarva broiler chickens was evaluated during winter 1987. Specific-pathogen-free leghorn sentinel chickens were vaccinated with Massachusetts (Mass) alone, Mass and JMK, or Mass and Arkansas (Ark) combination live vaccines, or they remained unvaccinated. Four weeks post-vaccination, sentinels were placed on broiler farms at weekly intervals for 3 weeks corresponding to weeks 4, 5, and 6 of the broiler growing cycle. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated based on IBV reisolation attempts from tracheal swabbings following a 1-week field exposure period. Sentinel chickens vaccinated with Mass and Ark combination vaccine were best protected against IBV field challenge. Only four IBV isolations were made out of a 3-week total of 36 attempts, for an 11% isolation rate. IBV vaccines containing either Mass alone or Mass and JMK offered much lower levels of protection.  相似文献   

Estimating the level of disease risk and biosecurity on commercial poultry farms in New Zealand     

SS Greening  K Mulqueen  TG Rawdon  NP French  MC Gates 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(5):261-271

ABSTRACT

Aims: To collect baseline data on the contact risk pathways and biosecurity practices of commercial poultry farms in New Zealand, investigate the relationship between the farm-level disease contact risks and biosecurity practices, and identify important poultry health concerns of producers.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of all registered New Zealand commercial poultry operations was conducted in 2016 collecting information on farm demographics, biosecurity practices, and contact risk pathways. Survey responses were used to generate an unweighted subjective disease risk score based on eight risk criteria and a subjective biosecurity score based on the frequency with which producers reported implementing seven biosecurity measures. Producer opinions towards poultry health issues were also determined.

Results: Responses to the survey response were obtained from 120/414 (29.0%) producers, including 57/157 (36.3%) broiler, 33/169 (19.5%) layer, 24/55 (44%) breeder, and 6/32 (19%) other poultry production types. Median disease risk scores differed between production types (p?<?0.001) and were lowest for breeder enterprises. The greatest risk for layer and broiler enterprises was from the potential movement of employees between sheds, and for breeder enterprises was the on- and off-farm movement of goods and services. Median biosecurity scores also differed between production types (p?<?0.001), and were highest for breeder and broiler enterprises. Across all sectors there was no statistical correlation between biosecurity scores and disease risk scores. Producers showed a high level of concern over effectively managing biosecurity measures.

Conclusions: The uptake of biosecurity measures in the commercial poultry farms surveyed was highly variable, with some having very low scores despite significant potential disease contact risks. This may be related to the low prevalence or absence of many important infectious poultry diseases in New Zealand leading farmers to believe there is a limited need to maintain good biosecurity as well as farmer uncertainty around the efficacy of different biosecurity measures. Further research is needed to understand barriers towards biosecurity adoption including evaluating the cost-effectiveness of biosecurity interventions.  相似文献   

Uterine Progesterone Receptor and Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor mRNA Expression in Canine Pregnancy     

S Schäfer-Somi  D Klein  HB Beceriklisoy  S Sabitzer  SS Ay  AR Agaoglu  I Kücükaslan  D Kaya  OA Aksoy  S Aslan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):109-114

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Vaginal Neurofibroma in a Hysterectomized Poodle Dog     

BH Sontas  ED Altun  K Güvenc  SS Arun  H Ekici 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):1130-1133

A 15‐year‐old, spayed, female poodle dog was presented for evaluation of a mass of tissue prolapsed from the vulva. The dog had been hysterectomized when it was 5 years old. A vaginal mass had been removed approximately 10 months before presentation. Haematological and serum biochemistry analyses demonstrated mild leucocytosis and glycaemia. A vaginal smear was predominantly made up of parabasal cells and intermediate cells with no neoplastic cells. Thoracal and abdominal radiographic findings were unremarkable. The ovaries could not be identified using abdominal ultrasonography. A midline exploratory laparotomy identified both ovaries that were surgically excised. The vaginal mass was also removed following an episiotomy procedure. Histopathological examination of the mass demonstrated that it was a neurofibroma. Both ovaries had cystic changes. Four months after the surgery, the owner reported that the dog was clinically normal. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of a vaginal neurofibroma after an incomplete ovariohysterectomy in the dog.  相似文献