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1.
With a view to select potato varieties possessing resistance to charcoal rot, laboratory tests were carried out at the Central Potato Research Institute, Simla (India). Five hundred and twenty six clones comprising tuber-bearing species ofSolanum and varieties and hybrids of potato were screened for their reaction toMacrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) Ashby. A high degree of resistance was observed in six clones ofSolanum chacoense and four hybrids withS. chacoense germ plasm, while moderate susceptibility was observed in another six clones ofS. chacoense, three clones ofSolanum tuberosum ssp.andigena and nineteen hybrids produced at the Institute. 相似文献
2.
Singh SK Dimri U Sharma MC Swarup D Kumar M Tiwary R 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):43-48
The oxidant/antioxidant balance of rabbits naturally infected with Psoroptes cuniculi and treated with ivermectin +/− vitamins A, D3, E, and H supplementation was investigated. Two groups of seven mixed ♂ and ♀, 6-to-8 month-old New Zealand White rabbits,
diagnosed Psoroptes mites-positive by skin scraping examination and seven clinically healthy control rabbits were examined. Blood samples were
obtained on day 0 and at 28 days post-therapy to determine oxidative stress indices. On day 0, the levels of lipid peroxides
were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) in the Psoroptes-infected rabbits compared with the healthy controls while those of reduced glutathione and the activities of the antioxidant
enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.01). Vitamin supplementation of the ivermectin-treated rabbits revealed both faster clinical (14 days) and parasitological
(10 days) recovery. It was concluded that significant alteration of oxidant/antioxidant balance is a factor in the pathogenesis
of P. cuniculi infestation of rabbits, and recovery can be enhanced by combining ivermectin treatment with vitamin A, D3, E, and H supplementation. 相似文献
3.
Zhaohua Dai Carl C. Trettin Changsheng Li Harbin Li Ge Sun Devendra M. Amatya 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(1):253-265
Emissions of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from a forested watershed (160 ha) in South Carolina, USA, were estimated with a spatially explicit watershed-scale modeling
framework that utilizes the spatial variations in physical and biogeochemical characteristics across watersheds. The target
watershed (WS80) consisting of wetland (23%) and upland (77%) was divided into 675 grid cells, and each of the cells had unique
combination of vegetation, hydrology, soil properties, and topography. Driven by local climate, topography, soil, and vegetation
conditions, MIKE SHE was used to generate daily flows as well as water table depth for each grid cell across the watershed.
Forest-DNDC was then run for each cell to calculate its biogeochemistry including daily fluxes of the three greenhouse gases
(GHGs). The simulated daily average CH4, CO2 and N2O flux from the watershed were 17.9 mg C, 1.3 g C and 0.7 mg N m−2, respectively, during the period from 2003–2007. The average contributions of the wetlands to the CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions were about 95%, 20% and 18%, respectively. The spatial and temporal variation in the modeled CH4, CO2 and N2O fluxes were large, and closely related to hydrological conditions. To understand the impact of spatial heterogeneity in
physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the target watershed on GHG emissions, we used Forest-DNDC in a coarse mode
(field scale), in which the entire watershed was set as a single simulated unit, where all hydrological, biogeochemical, and
biophysical conditions were considered uniform. The results from the field-scale model differed from those modeled with the
watershed-scale model which considered the spatial differences in physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the catchment.
This contrast demonstrates that the spatially averaged topographic or biophysical conditions which are inherent with field-scale
simulations could mask “hot spots” or small source areas with inherently high GHGs flux rates. The spatial resolution in conjunction
with coupled hydrological and biogeochemical models could play a crucial role in reducing uncertainty of modeled GHG emissions
from wetland-involved watersheds. 相似文献
4.
Singh SK Dimri U Sharma MC Swarup D Sharma B Pandey HO Kumari P 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,144(3-4):487-492
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs with demodicosis. A total of 26 dogs suffering from demodicosis, and positive for Demodex canis mites by skin scraping, participated in the study, 13 with localized demodicosis (LD) and 13 with generalized demodicosis (GD). A further 13 clinically healthy dogs, all of whom were negative for mites upon skin scraping, were used as controls. The dogs with GD revealed significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0001) percentage of leukocytes with externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potentials (ΔΨm) as compared with the dogs with LD and healthy controls. These dogs also revealed significantly lower values (P ≤ 0.0001) of hematological parameters viz. hemoglobin, total erythrocytes count total leukocytes count, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. Significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0001) percentages of leukocytes with externalization of PS and depolarized ΔΨm were also found in dogs with LD as compared with the healthy controls. These dogs also revealed significantly lower values of Hb (P ≤ 0.0001), TEC (P=0.025), TLC (P ≤ 0.0001), lymphocytes (P=0.008), monocytes (P ≤ 0.0001) and neutrophils (P=0.03). It is concluded that premature apoptosis of PBL may be implicated in the immunosuppression of the dogs with demodicosis. 相似文献
5.
Kritima Kapoor Opinder Singh Devendra Pathak 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(10):1393-1403
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a cytokine that plays multiple important roles in corpus luteum (CL). Immunolocalization of expression of TNF-α in CL of buffalo was studied in different stages of its development and regression. Corpus luteum of healthy buffaloes (24) was collected from local slaughterhouses and categorized into early (stage I, 1–5 days, n = 6), mid (stage II, 6–11 days, n = 6), late luteal (stage III, 12–16 days, n = 6) and regressing phase (stage IV, 17–20 days, n = 6). In earliest phase of cyclic CL, per cent immunoexpression of TNF-α was significantly (p < .05) lower as compared to all phases with its expression being restricted to few developing luteal cells, usually in neutrophils. A significantly (p < .05) higher number of neutrophils with TNF-α immunoexpression were observed as compared to mid-luteal phase that indicated its role in initiation of angiogenesis at this stage. TNF-α immunoexpression almost doubled in mid-luteal phase, but the number of neutrophils exhibiting TNF-α was significantly (p < .05) lower with respect to all phases of CL. Immunoexpression percentage in late luteal phase increased sharply being significantly (p < .05) higher than earlier two phases of CL. In regressing phase, per cent immunostaining was maximum with highly significant (p < .05) difference as compared to all other stages, observed in all degrading luteal cells, abundant immune cells, that is neutrophils and macrophages which finally led to apoptosis and phagocytosis. Immunoexpression of TNF-α in early luteal phases served its role in initiation of angiogenesis, and its intense expression in regressing phase of CL suggested a shift in its role to apoptosis and structural luteal regression signifying both luteotropic and luteolytic roles in buffalo. This is probably the first study of its kind in buffaloes. 相似文献
6.
Ajinder Kaur Kamal Preet Kaur Anu Kalia Upasana Rani Jagroop Gill Kahlon Rajesh Sharma Devendra Malaviya Rahul Kapoor Jagdeep Singh Sandhu 《Euphytica》2017,213(11):253
Interspecific hybrids were developed between Trifolium alexandrinum cultivar Wardan × Trifolium vesiculosum and T. alexandrinum cultivar BL1 × T. vesiculosum through embryo rescue, as the crosses failed to set seed under natural conditions. Trifolium vesiculosum was used as a donor/male parent in this study as it is reported to possess tolerance to stem rot and high forage yield. Fertilization in crossed florets of the crosses was manifested from the recovery of swollen ovaries (< 7.80%) and confirmed from the presence of one degenerated ovule in most (> 93.00%) of the swollen ovaries. The hybrid embryos at various developmental stages (heart, torpedo and cotyledonary) were rescued at a frequency of 2.56% from Wardan × T. vesiculosum and 6.12% from BL1 × T. vesiculosum. Differentiation occurred only in the cotyledonary stage embryos, resulting in 17 putative interspecific hybrid plantlets. The assessment of plantlet hybridity through SSR markers (for the alleles inherited from the donor parent), micromorphological leaf traits (leaf texture and stomata) and morphological characters (plant height, leaflet length and width) confirmed production of two interspecific hybrids designated as AV1 and BV3 representing both the crosses. AV1 displayed moderate resistance and BV3 was resistant to stem rot. 相似文献
7.
Ning-Jun Jiang Chao-Sheng Tang Toshiro Hata Benoît Courcelles Osama Dawoud Devendra N. Singh 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(2):185-188
Bio-mediated soil improvement involves the usage of microbes to improve soil engineering performance through a series of bio-geochemical processes. In particular, Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP), a ubiquitous bio-geochemical process that occurs in soil and results in permanent inorganic cementation between soil grains, has received the greatest research focus. While substantial progress has been made to develop MICP as a mainstream soil improvement technique, we still need to: (a) improve our understanding of the fundamental microbial, chemical and flow processes involved; (b) achieve multi-functionality by coupling engineering performance enhancement with ecological, environmental and carbon footprint benefits; and (c) maintain ecological balance and environmental friendliness, avoid long-term deterioration and lower the energy demand. 相似文献
8.
Islam Md Mazharul Farag Elmoubashar Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul Enan Khalid A. Mohammad Sabeel K. V. Alhaddad Maryam Mohammed Smatti Maria K. Al-Marri Abdulla Mohammad Al-Zeyara Abdul Azia Al-Romaihi Hamad Yassine Hadi M. Sultan Ali A. Bansal Devendra Mkhize-Kwitshana Zilungile 《Veterinary research communications》2022,46(2):487-498
Rodents are sources of many zoonotic pathogens that are of public health concern. This study investigated bacterial pathogens and assessed their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns in commensal rodents in Qatar. A total of 148 rodents were captured between August 2019 and February 2020, and blood, ectoparasites, and visceral samples were collected. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the intestines, and blood plasma samples were used to detect antibodies against Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus, and Coxiella burnetii. PCR assays were performed to detect C. burnetii, Leptospira spp., Rickettsia spp., and Yersinia pestis in rodent tissues and ectoparasite samples. Antimicrobial resistance by the isolated intestinal bacteria was performed using an automated VITEK analyzer. A total of 13 bacterial species were isolated from the intestine samples, namely Acinetobacter baumannii, Aeromonas salmonicida, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica. The majority of them were E. coli (54.63%), followed by P. mirabilis (17.59%) and K. pneumoniae (8.33%). Most of the pathogens were isolated from rodents obtained from livestock farms (50.46%), followed by agricultural farms (26.61%) and other sources (22.94%). No antibodies (0/148) were detected against Brucella spp., C. abortus, or C. burnetii. In addition, 31.58% (6/19) of the flea pools and one (1/1) mite pool was positive for Rickettsia spp., and no sample was positive for C. burnetii, Leptospira spp., and Y. pestis by PCR. A total of 43 (38%) bacterial isolates were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR), whereas A. salmonicida (n?=?1) did not show resistance to any tested antimicrobials. Over 50% of bacterial MDR isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefalotin, doxycycline, nitrofurantoin, and tetracycline. The presence of MDR pathogens was not correlated with rodent species or the location of rodent trapping. Seven (11.86%) E. coli and 2 (22.2%) K. pneumoniae were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producers. These findings suggest that rodents can be a source of opportunistic bacteria for human and animal transmission in Qatar. Further studies are needed for the molecular characterization of the identified bacteria in this study.
相似文献9.
Shalini Goyat K. Hima Bindu Devendra Singh R.S. Katiyar S.K. Tewari 《East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal》2017,82(2-4):118-129
Betel vine has been identified as an important cash crop in India. It is a vegetatively propagated plant and more than 100 landraces (cultivars) are cultivated in India. They are often named after the localities where they are grown. To assess the molecular genetic diversity among 10 betel vine cultivars, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used. Five AFLP primer combinations produced 323 bands of which 155 were polymorphic, leading to a 47.99% polymorphism. Average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.14 over all primer combinations. Genetic similarity was calculated from the Jaccard's similarity coefficient (r) value for all accessions which varied from 0.39 to 0.81, with an average of 0.60 implying a medium level of genetic variation between investigated cultivars. Cluster analysis divided the cultivars into two main clusters where M2 and M3 were closely related but F3 was separate from all others. The cluster analysis based on AFLP data indicated that cultivars were not grouped according to their geographic place of collection but rather by genetic relatedness. The principle coordinate analysis (PCA) of the markers was linked to the dendrograms generated by employing UPGMA. 相似文献
10.
Omaththage P. Perera Kerry C. Allen Devendra Jain Matthew Purcell Nathan S. Little Randall G. Luttrell 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)
Rapid identification of invasive species is crucial for deploying management strategies to prevent establishment. Recent Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) invasions and subsequent establishment in South America has increased the risk of this species invading North America. Morphological similarities make differentiation of H. armigera from the native Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) difficult. Characteristics of adult male genitalia and nucleotide sequence differences in mitochondrial DNA are two of the currently available methods to differentiate these two species. However, current methods are likely too slow to be employed as rapid detection methods. In this study, conserved differences in the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of the ribosomal RNA genes were used to develop species-specific oligonucleotide primers that amplified ITS1 fragments of 147 and 334 bp from H. armigera and H. zea, respectively. An amplicon (83 bp) from a conserved region of 18S ribosomal RNA subunit served as a positive control. Melting temperature differences in ITS1 amplicons yielded species-specific dissociation curves that could be used in high resolution melt analysis to differentiate the two Helicoverpa species. In addition, a rapid and inexpensive procedure for obtaining amplifiable genomic DNA from a small amount of tissue was identified. Under optimal conditions, the process was able to detect DNA from one H. armigera leg in a pool of 25 legs. The high resolution melt analysis combined with rapid DNA extraction could be used as an inexpensive method to genetically differentiate large numbers of H. armigera and H. zea using readily available reagents. 相似文献