This study was aimed at investigating the nutritive value of marula seed cake (MSC) as an alternative protein source for broilers. In a completely randomised design involving six replicate pens of five chickens assigned to each of five treatments, body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and carcass characteristics were measured in an experiment in which 150 28-day-old broilers were fed maize-based diets containing, respectively, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% MSC at finisher phase. The results showed MSC to be remarkably high in CP (470.0 g/kg DM) and EE (343.5 g/kg DM), with moderate CF (58.2 g/kg DM), ash (54.3 g/kg DM), Ca (1.1 g/kg DM) and P (11.0 g/kg DM). Whilst very poor in lysine, MSC was found to be rich in methionine, cyst(e)ine, arginine and glutamic acid; it also contains good levels of valine, glycine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, serine, proline and alanine. Also, it contained 85.24% oleic (OA), 9.65% palmitic and 5.11% stearic acids, with a high peroxide value and low levels of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin. BWG, FI and FCE of broiler chickens significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as the dietary level of MSC increased. Further, dietary MSC significantly decreased bird live weight at slaughter (P < 0.001), plucked weight (P < 0.001), dressed weight (P < 0.001) and weights of the liver (P < 0.001) and neck (P < 0.05). The results therefore demonstrate MSC to be a good source of CP, fat, Ca, P, amino acids (except lysine) and OA that can replace soya bean meal (SBM) in broiler diets. However, its use is currently limited by lipid peroxidation and presence of mycotoxins.
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The nucleotide sequence of one of the Escherichia coli tyrosine-transfer ribonucleic acids was determined in order to compare its sequence with that of yeast tyrosine-transfer ribonucleic acid. Forty-four positions of both transfer ribonucleic acids are occupied by the same nucleotides if they are arranged in the manner shown here. The information obtained suggests that the conformation of transfer ribonucleic acid molecules may be a greater contributing factor than a specific nucleotide sequence in the interaction of transfer ribonucleic acid with its corresponding aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. 相似文献
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Understanding past human impacts on soils requires many forms of evidence including elemental chemistry. Human activities leave traces of different elements, distinguishing activity sites. Since the 1990s more scholars have used a full range of analytical techniques including inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP/MS). Also since that time the near singular focus on phosphate as a prime indicator of human activity has broadened to include a large suite of elemental indicators, aided by the emergence of many tools and techniques such as ICP. This paper focuses on the elemental chemistry of sediments at two archaeology sites, Chunchucmil, Mexico, and Kinet, Turkey. The purpose of this study is to understand how certain elements correlate with each other and vary by space and time at different archaeology sites, and as an important methodological consideration, how different solvents affect ICP-AES analyses. In other words, does human activity significantly alter the elemental chemistry of a site, and if so, is this in a systematic way or does it vary geographically? And, are these chemical signatures of human activity hidden or highlighted by different ICP methods? We examined soil chemistry by types of geomorphic and archaeological location contexts (e.g., floors, natural deposits, walls, streets) and by age of deposit (e.g., Hellenistic, Iron Age) to detect differences in soil chemistry signatures associated with them, and for regional variations in ICP methods’ effectiveness. Our analyses revealed detectable differences between natural and anthropogenic deposits, site types, eras, and large differences between methods. High amounts of lead were correlated with streets and rooms in the Medieval and Bronze periods in Kinet, Turkey and natural deposits had lower levels of cadmium and mercury. ICP-NP treatments revealed higher detection levels of most elements than did ICP-DT treatments in Chunchucmil, Mexico. 相似文献
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The Drosophila abelson (abl) gene encodes the homolog of the mammalian c-abl cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase and is an essential gene for the development of viable adult flies. Three second-site mutations that suppress the lethality caused by the absence of abl function have been isolated, and all three map to the gene enabled (ena). The mutations are recessive embryonic lethal mutations but act as dominant mutations to compensate for the neural defects of abl mutants. Thus, mutations in a specific gene can compensate for the absence of a tyrosine kinase. 相似文献
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The effects of aqueous extracts of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seeds were shown to have antioxidant properties in rats. In the study reported here, we have investigated the free radical scavenging capacity of three aqueous extracts (WSEs) obtained from CP seeds: a room temperature extract (WF); a hot water extract (HF); an acid extract (AF). All the WSEs exhibited a dose-dependent free radical scavenging capacity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and also for superoxide-generated assays (in vitro assays). In addition, we used enriched forebrain primary neuronal cell (FBNC) cultures to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of the three CP-WSE extracts on H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity. FBNC were pre-treated with the CP-WSE and then with H(2)O(2) to evaluate the protection afforded against H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity. The criteria for neuroprotection by the WSEs were based on a mitochondrial function test following the H(2)O(2)-induced neurotoxicity. All the WSEs significantly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced neuronal death, and AF was the most effective in protecting the neuronal cells against oxidative injury caused by H(2)O(2). In 10 day FBNC, cellular superoxide dismutase activity was not affected by the WSEs or H(2)O(2), but catalase activity was decreased and levels of malondialdehyde were increased by H(2)O(2) treatment. When the neuronal cells were treated with WSEs prior to H(2)O(2) exposure, catalase activity was increased and levels of malondialdehyde were decreased significantly. The data presented here suggest that CP seed WSEs protected neuronal cells in part by their free radical scavenging properties, by reducing lipid peroxidation, and also by their ability to induce the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Our results indicate that WSEs might exert neuroprotective effects against increased oxidative stress resulting from free radical damage that is associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases. 相似文献
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“家族经营协方”在日本农业经济中已经越来越被重视和推广。“家族经营协议”是指在日本农业经济中,为培育法人经营,确保务农事业后继有人,确立 家族务农场的法律地位而形成的一种民法。它的中心目标是把农业作为一种职业,认人们自由选择。同时,“家族经营协议”：以形式确定劳动力在生产经营中的重要作用,也给日本经济带来了新生命力,根据得中国学习借鉴。 相似文献
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Mthiyane Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla Mhlanga Bhekumusa Sabelo 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):835-842
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