Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts of the optic nerve microcirculation in dogs     

D E Brooks  D A Samuelson  K N Gelatt  P J Smith 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(6):908-914

Scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts of the optic nerve region in normal and glaucomatous Beagles demonstrated that the blood supply to the laminar optic nerve is derived from short posterior ciliary arteries, cilioretinal arteries, and longitudinal pial vessels. The short posterior ciliary arteries formed a ring of striated pillars around the scleral canal. The central retinal artery was not present in the dog. Differences between the casts in normal and glaucomatous dogs were not detected.  相似文献   

Diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography for assessing surgical margins of canine soft tissue sarcomas in observers of different specialties     

Josephine A. Dornbusch  Laura E. Selmic  Pin‐Chieh Huang  Jonathan P. Samuelson  Eric M. McLaughlin  Vincent A. Wavreille  Jessica A. Ogden  Brittany Abrams  Alex Kalamaras  Eric Green  Eric T. Hostnik  Lincoln Every  Jason A. Fuerst  Ryan Jennings  Christopher Premanandan  Joshua N. Lorbach  Sarah C. Linn  Aneesh Alex  Janet E. Sorrells  Lingxiao Yang  Stephen A. Boppart 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2021,50(1):111-120

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Clinical,pathologic, and toxicologic characterization of Salvia reflexa (lance-leaf sage) poisoning in cattle fed contaminated hay     

Kip E. Panter  Bryan L. Stegelmeier  Dale R. Gardner  Clinton A. Stonecipher  Stephen T. Lee  Don Kitchen  Adeline Brackett  Charlie Davis 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):538

Salvia reflexa (lance-leaf sage)-contaminated alfalfa hay was fed to ~500 mixed-breed beef cattle. Within hours of exposure, nearly half of the cattle developed lethargy, anorexia, depression, and recumbency, followed by bellowing, colic, and death. Even though the uneaten contaminated hay was removed the first day, nearly 100 animals died within the first 48 h. Three of these cattle were examined postmortem, and tissues and hay samples were collected for microscopic and chemical analysis. Several days later, a smaller number of the clinically poisoned cattle developed neurologic disease with aberrant behavior, aggression, icterus, blindness, exhaustion, and death. A total of 165 cattle were fatally poisoned. Poisoned cattle had swollen, dark, mottled livers that had a prominent nutmeg-like lobular pattern on cut section. Histologically, there was severe centrilobular-to-panlobular hepatic necrosis with marked hepatocellular swelling, degeneration, and necrosis. The surviving cattle developed liver disease characterized by altered serum biochemical analyses and microscopic hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. In subsequent biopsies and analysis, these lesions resolved within 6–7 mo. After confirming toxicity of the hay in cattle, goats, and mice, followed by a mouse bioassay–guided chemical fractionation process, Salvia reflexa was identified as the contaminant in the hay responsible for the hepatotoxicity. S. reflexa has not been reported previously to cause fatal hepatotoxicity in livestock in North America, to our knowledge.  相似文献   

Frequency of urinary tract infection in catheterized dogs and comparison of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results for catheterized and noncatheterized dogs with urinary tract infections   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Bubenik LJ  Hosgood GL  Waldron DR  Snow LA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(6):893-899

OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in catheterized dogs that had intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) or disease other than IVDD and compare bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results for catheterized and noncatheterized dogs with UTIs. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 147 catheterized dogs (105 with IVDD and 42 with other diseases) and 99 noncatheterized dogs with UTIs. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical problem, duration of urinary tract catheterization, administration of drugs, and urine bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results. RESULTS: Forty-two percent (44/105) of dogs with IVDD and 55% (23/42) of dogs with other diseases had UTIs; this difference was not significant. For catheterized dogs, the odds of UTI were increased by 20% for each year increase in age, 27% for each day increase in duration of catheterization, and 454% with antimicrobial administration. Escherichia coli and Proteus spp were more frequently isolated from noncatheterized dogs, whereas Enterobacter spp and Staphylococcus spp were more frequently isolated from catheterized dogs. There was no significant difference in frequency of 1, 2, or 3 isolates between groups. Proportions of antimicrobials to which the most frequently isolated bacteria were resistant were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that urinary tract catheterization is a reasonable alternative for management of dogs with urinary bladder dysfunction, but that duration of catheterization should be minimized and indiscriminate antimicrobial administration to dogs with indwelling urinary catheters should be avoided.  相似文献   

Mycobacterium fortuitum abortion in a sow     

Allysa L. Cole  Natalie M. Kirk  Leyi Wang  Chien-Che Hung  Jonathan P. Samuelson 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2022,34(1):116

Two aborted Chester White pig fetuses were presented to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Illinois. Postmortem examination identified no gross abnormalities. Histologic evaluation revealed multifocal necrosis of chorionic epithelial cells, coalescing areas of mineralization in the placenta, and focal accumulations of viable and degenerate neutrophils in the lung. Intra- and extracellular acid-fast bacilli were identified in the lesions in both the placenta and lungs. Bacterial culture of stomach contents yielded heavy growth of Mycobacterium fortuitum, a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), which was further confirmed through whole-genome sequencing. NTM are opportunistic pathogens commonly found in the soil and in contaminated water supplies. In animals, M. fortuitum is typically introduced through cutaneous wounds leading to infections limited to the skin, with systemic infection being uncommon. To our knowledge, abortion caused by M. fortuitum has not been reported previously.  相似文献   

The feasibility of oyster raft culture in east coast estuaries     

Glenn Aprill  Don Maurer 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1976,7(2):147-160

Styrofoam-floated oyster rafts were used to study the feasibility of raft culture in typical American east coast estuaries. Rafts were placed in Delaware Bay and several tidal tributaries in the state of Delaware. Four types of cultch were tested for resistance to the environment and utilization by setting spat. Hatchery-spawned oysters were reared on rafts and their growth and mortality were monitored. A special raft with moveable trays was designed to study the effectiveness of air drying in controlling fouling.Rafts withstood the environmental conditions in small tidal rivers but were severely damaged by waves in Delaware Bay. Although spat set was too low for commercial purposes in the rivers, sets approaching commercial density were obtained in the bay by putting bundles of strings on the oyster beds during setting. Oysters grown on rafts reached market size in approximately 2 years in two of the rivers: slower growth was noted in the other rivers. It was shown that fouling could be controlled effectively by air drying for 4 h each week.An economic analysis of raft culture for this area was conducted at the conclusion of the study, which showed that relatively high prices would be necessary to maintain a raft-based industry at this time.  相似文献   

Effects of multiple fires on tree invasion in montane grasslands     

Russell Fairfax  Rod Fensham  Don Butler  Kelvin Quinn  Bernice Sigley  James Holman 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(10):1363-1373

There is circumstantial evidence that grasslands on the Bunya Mountains were once maintained by Aboriginal burning, and with lack of fire under European management are being colonised by trees. To assess the efficacy of burning for maintaining grasslands, 119 fires were lit between 1996 and 2006. The total area of unburnt grasslands decreased by 27%, while grasslands burnt at least once decreased by 1%. The density of invading trees was recorded from fixed plots on 23 grasslands burnt between one and six times. Cassinia was virtually eliminated and the density of the Rainforest species guild slowly but continually declined. Acacia irrorata exhibited a humped response, with initial increases resulting from vegetative resprouting and gradual decline with persistent burning. Phyllodinous Acacia and Woodland trees were the least fire sensitive guilds, having stable or increased density with repeated burning. Multi-factor regression modelling detected no significant relationships between changes in woody plant density and the interval between fires, fire intensity, the initial density of large trees, an index of soil moisture, or the cumulative number of fires for any species guild. The survivorship of both Cassinia and Rainforest guilds was significantly lower with summer burning than winter burning, but a seasonal effect of burning was not evident for other guilds. The findings suggest that regardless of fire conditions, frequent burning will reduce the number of adult trees, maintain resprouts in an immature state, facilitate further fire and reduce the rate of grassland loss. Woodland species are especially resilient to fire, and burning to maintain grassy ecosystems will be most successful where the main colonisers are rainforest species and burning is conducted in summer. The findings suggest that the montane grasslands of the Bunya Mountains were maintained by anthropogenic burning and active fire management will prolong their existence.  相似文献   

Livestock water productivity in mixed crop–livestock farming systems of the Blue Nile basin: Assessing variability and prospects for improvement     

Amare Haileslassie  Don Peden  Solomon Gebreselassie  Tilahun Amede  Katrien Descheemaeker 《Agricultural Systems》2009,102(1-3):33-40

Water scarcity is a major factor limiting food production. Improving Livestock Water Productivity (LWP) is one of the approaches to address those problems. LWP is defined as the ratio of livestock’s beneficial outputs and services to water depleted in their production. Increasing LWP can help achieve more production per unit of water depleted. In this study we assess the spatial variability of LWP in three farming systems (rice-based, millet-based and barley-based) of the Gumera watershed in the highlands of the Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. We collected data on land use, livestock management and climatic variables using focused group discussions, field observation and secondary data. We estimated the water depleted by evapotranspiration (ET) and beneficial animal products and services and then calculated LWP. Our results suggest that LWP is comparable with crop water productivity at watershed scales. Variability of LWP across farming systems of the Gumera watershed was apparent and this can be explained by farmers’ livelihood strategies and prevailing biophysical conditions. In view of the results there are opportunities to improve LWP: improved feed sourcing, enhancing livestock productivity and multiple livestock use strategies can help make animal production more water productive. Attempts to improve agricultural water productivity, at system scale, must recognize differences among systems and optimize resources use by system components.  相似文献   

Animal movement varies with resource availability,landscape configuration and body size: a conceptual model and empirical example     

Doherty  Tim S.  Fist  Charles N.  Driscoll  Don A. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(3):603-614

Landscape Ecology - Animals must move to find food, shelter and mates, and escape predation and competition. Changes in landscape configuration and resource availability can disrupt natural...  相似文献   

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下非洲菊抗氧化酶活性和生理特性的影响(英文)     

夏宜平  朱祝军 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2010,36(6)

以非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii L.)品种Amaretto'为试材,研究外源水杨酸(SA)对缓解非洲菊生殖生长期因盐胁迫引起的过氧化伤害作用.在开花前分别用0、0.5和1.0mmol L-1SA对非洲菊植株进行预处理,3d后用100mmol L-1NaCl灌溉,持续2周;对照植株未经NaCl和SA处理.结果表明:盐胁迫处理后,叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量、电解质外渗率和脯氨酸含量提高;外源SA预处理显著降低了盐胁迫植株叶片的MDA含量和电解质外渗率;在外源0.5mmol L-1SA预处理后,植株SOD和POD活性分别是对照的1.4倍和2.4倍;SA预处理后与植株耐盐性相关的生理生化指标呈显著相关,以0.5mmol L-1SA处理增强植株盐胁迫耐性的效果更好.说明外源SA处理能够诱导盐胁迫下非洲菊植株的抗氧化反应,水杨酸将是一种提高园艺作物耐盐性的有效物质.  相似文献