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Yen Hui Chen DVM Drmedvet Rudolf Stolla Prof Drmedvet 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2006,26(5):219-224
Embryonic death plays an important role in infertility in mares, and most of embryonic mortality occurs at an early stage (before day 40) of pregnancy. Previous investigations focused on B-mode sonographic images to determine abnormal pregnancy; however, no study has provided a quantitative and objective method to diagnose embryonic death. Here we developed a new index, “Uterine Index,” using color Doppler sonography to describe alterations of uterine blood flow in physiological and pathological gestations during early gestation. Six Trotter mares were used in this study. The pregnancies were interrupted with a prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analog (tiaprost) at days 25, 30, and 40. Three gestations were investigated in each stage. After the PGF2α administration, these mares were examined every 8 hours until the embryonic vesicles were not visible on ultrasound. In the control group, three pregnancies were examined daily from days 12 to 60. The embryo size was measured in B-mode sonography, and the blood flow in uterine arteries was examined in Doppler ultrasound. The resistance index (RI) and uterine index (UI) were calculated. In the control group, the RI values of uterine artery were lower in pregnant side compared with that of the non-pregnant side from day 15 on, and the difference became greater as the pregnancy advanced (P < .05). The UI was close to 0 before week 3 and increased to approximately 10 after week 4. In the PGF2α-treated group, the UI values reduced from pregnancy level to approximately 0. As early as 32 hours before embryonic death, we observed a significant difference of UI values between control and treated mares. On the contrary, the embryo size of treated mares was not different from that of normal mares. Through the analysis of all recorded UI values, we suggest that the UI values 10 and 5 are good values for distinguishing normal pregnancy (UI >10) from embryonic death (UI < 5). If the UI values are located between 10 and 5, a reexamination at intervals of 1 to 3 days is recommended. Our findings demonstrate that the UI is a useful method to diagnose and predict embryonic death in mares by providing reliable and objective information. 相似文献
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Marjatta Kärkkäinen DVM Drmedvet Matti Mero DVM MD Pentti Nummi MSc Lauri Punto DVM MD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1991,32(2):71-74
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a relatively new method of medical imaging. MR studies on the normal canine central nervous system were performed using a low field MR scanner. The regions of interest were the head, neck, and lumbar region. The MR findings in two patients with brain atrophy and cervical neck disc protrusion were also evaluated. Based on our findings it appears that low-field scanners will be satisfactory for use in veterinary diagnostic imaging. 相似文献
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PETRA EVERS Drmedvet BETTY A. KRAMEK DVM MS Diplomate ACVS LARRY J. WALLACE DVM MS Diplomate ACVS GARY R. JOHNSTON DVM Diplomate ACVR VICKIE KING MS PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(3):217-222
Objective- To determine whether intertrochanteric osteotomy (ITO) can prevent the progression of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in dysplastic hip joints.
Study Design- The results of ITO were assessed retrospectively by using owner questionnaires, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation.
Animals- Eighteen client-owned dogs (29 coxofemoral joints were evaluated).
Methods- Lameness was scored according to a grading system. A scoring system was also developed to assess radiographically evident osteoarthritis on a ventrodorsal projection of the coxofemoral joints in extension.
Results- Twenty-nine ITO were performed in 18 dogs with varying degrees of hip dysplasia. The dogs were lame on 19 of 29 rear limbs on physical examination before surgery. In 22 of the 29 hip joints, palpation caused signs of pain. The median age at the first and second surgical procedure was 14.5 months and 18 months, respectively. Follow-up evaluation was performed on average at 9.77 (FU I), 22.52 (FU II), and 47.50 months (FU in) after surgery. Based on the owners' evaluation, there was a tendency toward improvement after surgery. The results of the physical examination at the preoperative examination and at the three follow-up examinations did not differ significantly. The follow-up radiographic scores showed significantly worse DJD than the preoperative scores.
Conclusions- ITO does not prevent progression of DJD in the dysplastic hip.
Clinical Relevance- Knowledge of the long-term effects of ITO is essential for surgeons trying to achieve improvement in dogs with hip dysplasia. 相似文献
Study Design- The results of ITO were assessed retrospectively by using owner questionnaires, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation.
Animals- Eighteen client-owned dogs (29 coxofemoral joints were evaluated).
Methods- Lameness was scored according to a grading system. A scoring system was also developed to assess radiographically evident osteoarthritis on a ventrodorsal projection of the coxofemoral joints in extension.
Results- Twenty-nine ITO were performed in 18 dogs with varying degrees of hip dysplasia. The dogs were lame on 19 of 29 rear limbs on physical examination before surgery. In 22 of the 29 hip joints, palpation caused signs of pain. The median age at the first and second surgical procedure was 14.5 months and 18 months, respectively. Follow-up evaluation was performed on average at 9.77 (FU I), 22.52 (FU II), and 47.50 months (FU in) after surgery. Based on the owners' evaluation, there was a tendency toward improvement after surgery. The results of the physical examination at the preoperative examination and at the three follow-up examinations did not differ significantly. The follow-up radiographic scores showed significantly worse DJD than the preoperative scores.
Conclusions- ITO does not prevent progression of DJD in the dysplastic hip.
Clinical Relevance- Knowledge of the long-term effects of ITO is essential for surgeons trying to achieve improvement in dogs with hip dysplasia. 相似文献
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