Bronchoalveolar lavage in horses: effect of exercise and repeated sampling on cytology     

CK CLARK  GD LESTER  T. VETRO  B. RICE 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(7):249-252

SUMMARY Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at weekly intervals in 10 Thoroughbred horses in race training (group 1) and in 4 rested horses (group 2) for 10 weeks. Lavages were continued on a weekly basis in 4 group 1 horses for an additional 9 weeks (group 3). Cytological analysis of samples included leukocyte counts, erythrocyte counts, differential leukocyte counts, and haemosiderophage score. The mean leukocyte concentration was significantly lower in group 1(92.1 ± 4.6 cells/μL) when compared with group 2 (133.5 ± 8.2 cells/μL), P = 0.037. The differential leukocyte data were not significantly different between groups. There was a large amount of variability in the percent-age of macrophages and lymphocytes in the differential counts over time with no obvious trends. The proportion of neutrophils demonstrated a tendency to decrease over time for both groups 1 and 2. Erythrocyte counts and haemosiderin scores were significantly higher in the exercising group than the rested horses. Neither exercise nor the technique itself evoked an inflammatory response in the BAL fluid.  相似文献   

Inflammation and increased numbers of bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of horses within 6 to 12 hours of confinement with the head elevated   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SHARANNE L. RAIDAL  DARIA N. LOVE  GD BAILEY 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(2):45-50

SUMMARY: Confinement of horses with their heads elevated for periods up to 24 hours was used to evaluate the extent and the effects of bacterial contamination of the equine lower respiratory tract. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in bacterial numbers (up to 10⁹ colony forming units/mL in transtracheal aspirate derived samples) occurred within 6 or 12 hours in most horses. Pasteurella/Actinobacillus spp and Streptococcus spp were most commonly isolated. Lowering of the head for 30 minutes every 6 hours to facilitate postural drainage did not prevent multiplication of organisms to levels equivalent to those achieved by horses where the head was elevated for 24 hours. When horses were released from confinement and heads were no longer maintained in an elevated position, clearance of accumulated secretions and bacteria occurred within 8 to 12 hours. Thus, confinement with the head elevated resulted in significant bacterial contamination and multiplication within the lower respiratory tract during a period often encountered in routine management procedures, such as transportation. The clearance of accumulated secretions occurred over a prolonged period after release from such confinement.  相似文献   

Survey of equine castration techniques,preferences and outcomes among Australian veterinarians          下载免费PDF全文

CD Owens  KJ Hughes  BJ Hilbert  J Heller  S Nielsen  GD Trope 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(1-2):39-45

Objectives

(1) To collect the perceptions of veterinarians performing equine castrations in Australia on techniques, preferences and outcomes, (2) to investigate veterinarian use and experience with the Henderson castrating instrument and (3) to investigate potential associations between demographics, castration methods and techniques, and complications.

Design

Online survey of members of the Australian Veterinary Association’s Special Interest Group, Equine Veterinarians Australia (EVA).

Methods

A link to the survey was included in the EVA e‐newsletter and practices on the EVA website were contacted by telephone and follow‐up email. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine associations between ligation and complications. A generalised linear model with a negative binomial family was used to determine associations between count response variables and categorical independent variables.

Results

Responses were obtained from 138 veterinarians (response rate, 13.1%) who performed 5330 castrations over 12 months. Castrations were most commonly performed in the field, on anaesthetised horses, using emasculators, via an open approach and without ligation of the spermatic cord. Estimated complications after use of emasculators were swelling (25%), haemorrhage (5%) and infection (5%). The Henderson instrument was used by approximately 10% of respondents and its use for castration was associated with fewer reports of postoperative swelling compared with emasculators (P = 0.002). Rates of evisceration with the Henderson and emasculator methods were comparable (0.43% and 0.9%, respectively).

Conclusion

Castration preferences varied widely among survey participants. Reported complication types and rates were comparable to those reported previously in other countries. Perceptions that the Henderson instrument was associated with less swelling should be investigated further via a prospective controlled investigation.  相似文献   

Provenance and progeny results for the tropical white pine, Pinus chiapensis, at five and eight years of age     

W. S. Dvorak  J. K. Donahue  J. A. Vasquez 《New Forests》1996,12(2):125-140

Eleven provenances and 132 open-pollinated families of Pinus chiapensis were established at six locations in Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa and assessed for height, volume, and forking percent at five and eight years of age. Provenance × site and family × site interactions were examined in a subset of three trials with 38 open-pollinated families in common. Average volume production of P. chiapensis in Colombia and South Africa was 25 m³/ha/yr and 12 m³/ha/yr, respectively, at eight years of age. Provenance and family differences for height and volume were significant at the individual test sites at eight years of age. The La Trinidad (Chiapas) source was the most productive. Forking percent ranged from 3% in South Africa to 38% in San Jose, Colombia at eight years. Provenance × site interactions were significant for forking but not for height and volume. Family × site interactions were significant for height and volume but not for forking. Forty-six percent of the interaction variance between height and location was contributed by only six families. Height/diameter ratios for P. chiapensis were 0.29 and 0.39 in Colombia and South Africa, respectively, and significantly different.  相似文献   

Effects of postoperative rehabilitation on limb function after cranial cruciate ligament repair in dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marsolais GS  Dvorak G  Conzemius MG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(9):1325-1330

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of early postoperative rehabilitation on limb function in dogs after surgery for ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL). DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: 51 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs weighing between 20 and 40 kg (44 to 88 lb) that had RCCL and medial meniscal injury were studied. After removal of the RCCL and complete medial meniscectomy, the stifle joint was stabilized by use of a lateral retinacular stabilization technique. Twenty-five dogs were included in a postoperative rehabilitation group, and 26 dogs were included in an exercise-restricted group. Limb function (peak vertical force [PVF] and vertical impulse [VI]) was determined before surgery and 6 months after surgery, using force platform gait analysis. RESULTS: Prior to surgery, mean PVF and VI in affected limbs were similar between groups. Six months after surgery, PVF and VI were significantly increased in dogs of both groups. However, PVF and VI in dogs in the rehabilitation group were significantly greater than those of dogs in the exercise-restricted group. At this time, differences in limb function (as measured by PVF and VI) between the repaired and normal limbs were not evident in dogs in the rehabilitation group. Conversely, limb function in the repaired limb of dogs in the exercise-restricted group was still significantly less than that of the normal limb. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dogs that have surgery for RCCL and a torn medial meniscus benefit from postoperative rehabilitation; rehabilitation should be considered part of the postoperative management of these patients.  相似文献   

T-shaped malformation of the ventral colon in a Thoroughbred filly with colic     

GD Trope  CM Steel 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(8):322-325

A 4-month-old Thoroughbred filly presented for abdominal pain was diagnosed with a T-shaped malformation of the ventral colon at exploratory laparotomy. Following resection and anastomosis of the large colon, no further episodes of abdominal pain occurred during a 12-month follow-up. Acute dehiscence of the linea alba occurred as a complication of the initial laparotomy, but was successfully managed following additional surgical repair. T-shaped malformation of the ventral colon has not previously been reported and is considered a congenital malformation of mesocolon formation.  相似文献   

The CAMCORE international provenance/progeny trials of Gmelina arborea: genetic parameters and potential gain     

Hodge  G.R.  Dvorak  W.S. 《New Forests》2004,28(2-3):147-166

New Forests - This paper reports early results from the provenance/progeny trials in Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Mexico and Venezuela. These were the first international collections...  相似文献   

Panfibrinonecrotic colitis in a dog treated by subtotal colectomy     

J Dvorak  M D Willard  E Floyd 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(2):264-266

A dog with signs of small intestinal disease developed signs of severe large intestinal disease after being treated with multiple agents. Endoscopy and biopsy revealed total destruction of the colonic mucosa, which necessitated total parenteral nutrition plus subtotal colectomy. It was hypothesized that the multiple prior treatments led to an overgrowth of toxigenic or cytotoxic bacteria, which caused this colonic mucosal destruction.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEW     

GD Bailey 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(1):6-6

Lot Feeding in Australia – A Survey of the Australian Lot Feeding Industry , RW Tucker, PS Watts, SL Lott and P Jukes  相似文献   

Changes in biochemical indicators in the blood and organs of pigs fed dried grape press cake]     

M Toulová  I Herzig  M Dvorak  B Vojtísek  J Raszyk 《Veterinární medicína》1979,24(12):715-724

In two experiments the effect of feeding dried crushed white and red grape press cake replacing 10--20% of the complex feed mixture A1 and SOL, was studied on the 21 biochemical indicators of blood serum, plasma, suprarenal glands, liver and tissue of fattened pigs. Changes indicating unsuitability of this non-traditional feed were not observed. During feeding red grape press cake, the young pigs of 35kg body weight had a lower concentration of glucose in blood serum, in comparison with the control. The temporary increase of calcium level and decrease of inorganic phosphorus in these animals was accompanied by a lower activity of alkaline phosphatase. White and red grape press cake affected positively the vitamin E level in blood serum. In the muscles of the experimental slaughter pigs protein proportion was increased and fat proportion was decreased.  相似文献