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TISHA A. M. HARPER JERYL C. JONES GEOFFREY K. SAUNDERS GREGORY B. DANIEL TANYA LEROITH ERIN ROSSMEISSL 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(4):428-435
The sensitivity of low‐field magnetic resonance (MR) T2* images for predicting the presence of meniscal lesions was determined in 12 dogs with naturally‐occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture and three control dogs, using histopathology as the reference standard. Previously published grading systems were used to grade the severity of meniscal lesions on MR images, gross inspection and histopathology. Focal areas of increased signal intensity were detected in 11/12 symptomatic dogs and 3/3 control dogs. Lesions mimicking meniscal tears (pseudotears) were identified at junctions between meniscal margins and adjacent connective tissue in control dogs and dogs with naturally occurring disease. Histopathologic lesions were present in all menisci of both symptomatic and control dogs, including the menisci from two affected dogs that appeared grossly normal but were removed and submitted based on MR imaging findings. Histopathologic lesions identified included hyaline cartilage metaplasia and changes in the amount of ground substance and cellularity. The sensitivity of MR imaging for detecting the presence of meniscal histopathologic lesions was 90% in symptomatic dogs and 91% in control dogs. However, agreement between severity scores for the different tests was poor. Low‐field MR imaging is a sensitive test for predicting the presence but not severity of meniscal histopathologic lesions in dogs with naturally‐occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Findings also supported previous studies indicating that histopathologic lesions can be present in dogs with grossly normal menisci. An improved grading system for comparing MR images and histopathologic severity of meniscal lesions in dogs is needed. 相似文献
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THOMAS P. HURST DANIEL W. COOPER JOEL S. SCHEINGROSS ERIN M. SEALE BENJAMIN J. LAUREL MARA L. SPENCER 《Fisheries Oceanography》2009,18(5):301-311
The role of behavior, especially vertical migration, is recognized as a critical component of realistic models of larval fish dispersion. Unfortunately, our understanding of these behaviors lags well behind our ability to construct three-dimensional flow-field models. Previous field studies of vertical behavior of larval Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus ) were limited to small, preflexion stages (≤11 mm SL) in a narrow range of thermal conditions. To develop a more complete picture of larval behavior, we examined the effects of ontogeny, temperature, and light on vertical responses of larval Pacific cod in experimental columns. While eggs were strictly demersal, yolk-sac larvae displayed a strong surface orientation as early as 1 day post hatch (∼ 5 mm SL). Consistent with field observations, small preflexion larvae (<10 mm SL) showed no response to varying light levels. However, there was a direct effect of temperature on larval behavior: Pacific cod larvae exhibited a stronger surface orientation at 4°C than at 8°C. The behavior of larger, postflexion larvae (>15 mm SL) in experimental columns was consistent with a diel vertical migration and independent of water temperature: fish were more widely distributed in the column, and median positions were consistently deeper at higher light levels. These laboratory observations are combined with observations from discrete-depth (MOCNESS) sampling in the Gulf of Alaska to characterize the vertical distribution of larval Pacific cod and contrast ontogenetic patterns with walleye pollock ( Theragra chalcogramma ). The vertical movements of larval Pacific cod described here will be applied in the development of dispersal projections from Gulf of Alaska spawning grounds. 相似文献
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ERIN R. PASTER DVM Diplomate ACVS MARGO L. MEHL DVM Diplomate ACVS PHILIP H. KASS DVM PhD Diplomate ACVPM CLARE R. GREGORY DVM Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(8):983-989
Objective— To report the prevalence of hypophosphatemia after renal transplantation in a historical cohort of cats. Design— Case series. Animals— Cats (n=86) that received a renal allograft. Methods— Medical records (January 200–June 2006) were reviewed. Signalment, clinical signs, pre‐ and postoperative diet, pre‐ and postoperative clinicopathologic variables, renal histopathology, and outcome were retrieved. Prevalence, onset, duration, treatment and associated clinical signs of hypophosphatemia were recorded. A χ2 test was used to compare hemolysis frequency between cats with normal serum phosphorus concentration or a single spurious low serum phosphorus concentration for <24 hours duration (group 1) and confirmed hypophosphatemia for >24 hours (group 2). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effects of hypophosphatemia on survival while controlling for other potentially confounding variables (age, sex, weight, body condition score, and pre‐ and 24 hours postoperative clinicopathologic variables). Results— Eighty‐six cats (mean age, 7.7 years) were identified. Hypophosphatemia occurred in 32 cats (37%), with a median onset of 2 days and median duration of 4 days. Treatment was initiated in 48 (56%) of hypophosphatemic cats. Survival and hemolysis frequency was not significantly different between groups, and no risk factors were identified. Conclusion— Hypophosphatemia occurs in cats after renal transplantation and does not affect survival. Clinical Relevance— The clinical importance of hypophosphatemia in renal transplant recipients remains unknown. 相似文献
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ANA V. CÁCERES ALLISON L. ZWINGENBERGER ERIN HARDAM JOSÉ M. LUCENA TOBIAS SCHWARZ 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(3):270-278
Helical abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed in nine normal beagle-mix dogs. Following cephalic vein injection of ionic iodinated contrast medium via power injector (rate 5 ml/s) dual-phase CT was performed in all dogs. A delayed scan was performed in five dogs between 5 and 13 min after the contrast medium injection. The median time of appearance of contrast medium in the aorta and gastroduodenal artery was 6.3 and 7 s, post start injection and 12 and 12.2 s in the gastroduodenal and portal vein, resulting in a purely arterial pancreatic time window of 5-6s. Pancreatic veins and parenchyma remained enhanced until the end of the dynamic scan (40s). The pancreatic parenchyma showed heterogeneous arterial and homogenous venous contrast enhancement which was slightly hypoattenuating compared to the liver. Delayed scans provided best delineation of the pancreas from the liver. The common bile duct could be identified ventral and to the right of the portal vein joining the dorsomedial aspect of proximal duodenum. Because of the very short time window and variable onset of pure arterial enhancement careful planning of dual-phase studies with previous dynamic CT is recommended. Dual-phase CT angiography enables assessment of the arterial supply, parenchymal perfusion and venous drainage of the canine pancreas. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Attempts to differentiate regions from one another, whether in social, demographic, or economic terms, have led to the development of numerous indices to summarize the economic composition of regions. This study revisits classic indices of industrial diversity to evaluate their applicability for benchmarking local and regional economies. Specifically, we explore a multivariate extension of these diversity indices for measuring concentration in an effort to evaluate their ability to accurately depict spatial relationships of county level resources for the contiguous U.S. The relative abilities of the classic indices are compared to a developed measure of resource concentration, the County Similarity Index (CS‐Index), which represents a computationally simple and flexible alternative to these indices. Results suggest the CS‐Index produces superior results to the indices evaluated, particularly with regard to the spatial relationships of county resource concentrations, which are quantified using global and local indicators of spatial association. 相似文献
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