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Leigh Lamont Shelley Burton Deanne Caines Elmabrok Masaoud Eric Troncy 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2012,76(2):143-148
The effects of 2 different 8-hour continuous rate infusions (CRIs) of medetomidine on epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, glucose, and insulin levels were investigated in 6 healthy dogs. Each dog received both treatments and a control as follows: MED1 = 2 μg/kg bodyweight (BW) loading dose followed by 1 μg/kg BW per hour CRI; MED2 = 4 μg/kg BW loading dose followed by 2 μg/kg BW per hour CRI; and CONTROL = saline bolus followed by a saline CRI. Both infusion rates of medetomidine decreased norepinephrine levels throughout the infusion compared to CONTROL. While norepinephrine levels tended to be lower with the MED2 treatment compared to the MED1, this difference was not significant. No differences in epinephrine, cortisol, glucose, or insulin were documented among any of the treatments at any time point. At the low doses used in this study, both CRIs of medetomidine decreased norepinephrine levels over the 8-hour infusion period, while no effects were observed on epinephrine, cortisol, glucose, and insulin. 相似文献
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Constituents of Eulophia petersii. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The isolation of five known phenanthrenes and a mixture phytosterols from roots of Eulophia petersii is reported. 相似文献
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The isolation of three C-glycosyl chromones, four anthraquinones and a mixture of phytosterols from the leaves of Aloe rubroviolacea was reported. 相似文献
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Elmabrok Masaoud Henrik Stryhn Shona Whyte William J. Browne 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2011,16(2):202-220
In the design of clinical trials involving fish observed over time in tanks, there may be advantages in housing several treatment
groups within the same tank. In particular, such “within-tank” designs will be more efficient than designs with treatment
groups in separate tanks when substantial between-tank variability is expected. One potential problem with within-tank designs
is that it may not be possible to include all treatments in one tank; in statistical terms this means that the blocks (tanks)
are incomplete. In incomplete block designs, there may be a concern that the treatments present in the same tank (denoted
here as “neighbors”) affect each other in their performance; thus the need for an assessment of neighbor effects. In this
paper, we propose two statistical approaches to assess and account for neighbor effects. The first approach is based on a
non-linear mixed model and the second involves cross-classified and multiple membership models. Both approaches are illustrated
on simulated data as well as data from a clinical ISAV (Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus) trial; corresponding computer code
is available online. 相似文献
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Binary repeated measures data are commonly encountered in both experimental and observational veterinary studies. Among the wide range of statistical methods and software applicable to such data one major distinction is between marginal and random effects procedures. The objective of the study was to review and assess the performance of marginal and random effects estimation procedures for the analysis of binary repeated measures data. Two simulation studies were carried out, using relatively small, balanced, two-level (time within subjects) datasets. The first study was based on data generated from a marginal model with first order autocorrelation, the second on a random effects model with autocorrelated random effects within subjects. Three versions of the models were considered in which a dichotomous treatment was modelled additively, either between or within subjects, or modelled by a time interaction. Among the studied statistical procedures were: generalized estimating equations (GEE), Marginal Quasi Likelihood, likelihood based on numerical integration, penalized quasi-likelihood, restricted pseudo likelihood and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Results for data generated by the marginal model showed autoregressive GEE to be highly efficient when treatment was within subjects, even with strongly correlated responses. For treatment between subjects, random effects procedures also performed well in some situations; however, a relatively small number of subjects with a short time series proved a challenge for both marginal and random effects procedures. Results for data generated by the random effects model showed bias in estimates from random effects procedures when autocorrelation was present in the data, while the marginal procedures generally gave estimates close to the marginal parameters. 相似文献
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