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1.
Flavio A.V. Freitag Dorli da S. Amora Eloisa Muehlbauer Peterson T. Dornbusch Marcello Machado Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira Edison L. Prisco Farias Alexander Valverde Juan Carlos Duque Moreno 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(4):596-602
ObjectiveTo describe and evaluate an ultrasound-guided modified subcostal approach for the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in horse cadavers in lateral or dorsal recumbency.Study designProspective, experimental cadaveric study.AnimalsStudy of one preserved foal and eight fresh adult horse cadavers.MethodsThe lateral and ventral abdominal wall of a preserved cadaver was dissected to identify the muscles and nerves. A unilateral standard TAP block technique was performed (60 mL of methylene blue dye–bupivacaine) on a fresh cadaver in right lateral recumbency. A modified subcostal technique was performed on the opposite side using a linear ultrasound transducer and in-plane approach. Injection points (two 30 mL dye) were at the level of the TAP (between the rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis muscles and ventral to the cutaneous trunci muscle) perpendicular to: 1) the mid-point between the xiphoid cartilage and umbilical scar; and 2) at a point between the caudal and middle thirds of the abdomen measured from the first injection point to the umbilical scar. The modified subcostal approach was performed in seven additional cadavers in both hemiabdomens, with three cadavers in lateral and four cadavers in dorsal recumbency. Ultrasound guidance was used with all injections.ResultsThe standard approach stained the sixteenth to eighteenth thoracic nerves (T16–T18). The modified subcostal approach performed in lateral recumbency provided greater spread (T9–T17) than dorsal recumbency (T12–T18) (p = 0.016).Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe modified subcostal TAP approach resulted in extensive staining exceeding the standard approach. The nerves stained are consistent with production of ventral abdominal wall anesthesia in horses. Clinical studies are needed to verify these findings. 相似文献
2.
3.
Chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is one of the major yield limiting factors in chickpea. The disease causes 10–90% yield losses annually in chickpea. Eight
physiological races of the pathogen (0, 1A, 1B/C, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) are reported so far whereas additional races are suspected
from India. The distribution pattern of these races in different parts of the world indicates regional specificity for their
occurrence leading to the perception that F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris evolved independently in different regions. Pathogen isolates also exhibit differences in disease symptoms. Races 0 and 1B/C
cause yellowing syndrome whereas 1A, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 lead to wilting syndrome. Genetics of resistance to two races (1B/C
and 6) is yet to be determined, however, for other races resistance is governed either by monogenes or oligogenes. The individual
genes of oligogenic resistance mechanism delay onset of disease symptoms, a phenomenon called as late wilting. Slow wilting,
i.e., slow development of disease after onset of disease symptoms also occurs in reaction to pathogen; however, its genetics
are not known. Mapping of wilt resistance genes in chickpea is difficult because of minimal polymorphism; however, it has
been facilitated to great extent by the development of sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers that have revealed
significant interspecific and intraspecific polymorphism. Markers linked to six genes governing resistance to six races (0,
1A, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of the pathogen have been identified and their position on chickpea linkage maps elucidated. These genes
lie in two separate clusters on two different chickpea linkage groups. While the gene for resistance to race 0 is situated
on LG 5 of Winter et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics 101:1155–1163, 2000) those governing resistance to races 1A, 2, 3, 4 and 5 spanned a region of 8.2 cM on LG 2. The cluster of five resistance
genes was further subdivided into two sub clusters of 2.8 cM and 2.0 cM, respectively. Map-based cloning can be used to isolate
the six genes mapped so far; however, the region containing these genes needs additional markers to facilitate their isolation.
Cloning of wilt resistance genes is desirable to study their evolution, mechanisms of resistance and their exploitation in
wilt resistance breeding and wilt management. 相似文献
4.
Frederick J. Muehlbauer Seungho Cho Ashutosh Sarker Kevin E. McPhee Clarice J. Coyne P. N. Rajesh Rebecca Ford 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):149-165
Summary Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is produced throughout the world and is highly valued as a high protein
food. Several abiotic stresses are important to lentil yields world wide and include drought, heat, salt susceptibility and
iron deficiency. The biotic stresses are numerous and include: susceptibility to Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis; Anthracnose, caused by
Colletotrichum truncatum; Fusarium wilt, caused by
Fusarium oxysporum; Sclerotinia white mold, caused by
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; rust, caused by
Uromyces fabae; and numerous aphid transmitted viruses. Lentil is also highly susceptible to several species of
Orabanche prevalent in the Mediterranean region, for which there does not appear to be much resistance in the germplasm. Plant breeders
and geneticists have addressed these stresses by identifying resistant/tolerant germplasm, determining the genetics involved
and the genetic map positions of the resistant genes. To this end progress has been made in mapping the lentil genome and
several genetic maps are available that eventually will lead to the development of a consensus map for lentil. Marker density
has been limited in the published genetic maps and there is a distinct lack of co-dominant markers that would facilitate comparisons
of the available genetic maps and efficient identification of markers closely linked to genes of interest. Molecular breeding
of lentil for disease resistance genes using marker assisted selection, particularly for resistance to Ascochyta blight and
Anthracnose, is underway in Australia and Canada and promising results have been obtained. Comparative genomics and synteny
analyses with closely related legumes promises to further advance the knowledge of the lentil genome and provide lentil breeders
with additional genes and selectable markers for use in marker assisted selection. Genomic tools such as macro and micro arrays,
reverse genetics and genetic transformation are emerging technologies that may eventually be available for use in lentil crop
improvement. 相似文献
5.
Retention of residue on the soil surface following harvest is an effective method of reducing soil erosion from both wind and water. The pea crop produces small amounts of residue to effectively reduce soil erosion. Severe erosion occurs in pea production areas such as the Palouse Region of the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) when low residue crops such as spring pea or lentil are followed by fall-sown wheat. The current study was conducted to determine the range of total aboveground biomass (TAB), seed yield, and straw (residue) production from the plant identification (PI) accessions that comprise the core collection of Pisum germplasm. In addition, the potential for increasing seed yield and straw production simultaneously was evaluated. Three hundred and ninety PI accessions were screened in the field in 1996 and 1997. The variation for TAB, seed yield and straw production among the PI accessions exceeded that of the controls both years. Seed yield was positively correlated with straw production (r = 0.81, p< 0.01) indicating that seed and straw production can be increased simultaneously through positive selection for both traits. Significant favorable variation is present among accessions in the USDA core collection of Pisum germplasm which could be used to increase both seed yield and total biomass production of adapted breeding lines. 相似文献
6.
Characterization of core collection of lentil germplasm for phenology, morphology, seed and straw yields 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A. Tullu I. Kusmenoglu K.E. McPhee F.J. Muehlbauer 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):143-152
Increasing and maintaining crop residues in predominantly cereal-based rotations of the US Pacific Northwest is critical to controlling soil erosion. The core collection of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm comprising 287 accessions was evaluated for variation in phenological, morphological and growth parameters including seed yields and residue amounts over a two-year period under conventional tillage and no-till conditions. The objectives of this study were (i) assess lentil genetic variation in germplasm for variation in biomass production and seed yield, (ii) assess the relationship of phenological and morphological traits with biomass and seed yield and (iii) identify high biomass producing germplasm for use as parents in the breeding program. Days to flowering and days to maturity ranged from 31 to 78 and from 71 to 106 days, respectively. Time to flowering in terms of cumulative heat units was a more efficient measurement than days to flowering. Plant height and plant canopy width had a significant association with total biomass, seed yield and residue amounts. Total biomass ranged from 788–6389 kg ha–1 under conventional tillage, while the range under no-till conditions was 1045–6195 kg ha–1. Most of the lines with higher biomass also produced the highest seed yields and residue amounts. Overall, only one accession produced more residue than `Laird'. In the more favorable environment of 1997, six accessions exceeded the control cultivars, `Laird' and `Indianhead', for residue amounts, and seven and twenty-four accessions exceeded control cultivars, `Pardina' and `Brewer', for seed yield. Results indicated that plant height, canopy width at maturity and seed yield explained most of the variation in biomass and residue production. Large seeded germplasm consistently had a longer reproductive growth period than small seeded accessions and had 17%, 7% and 21% more biomass, seed yield and residue, respectively. Our data indicated significant variation in lentil germplasm for biomass, seed yield and residue amounts to warrant their use in the breeding program. 相似文献
7.
Eloisa Terzo J. Fraser McConnell Robert E. Shiel Hester McAllister Sebastien Behr Simon L. Priestnall Ken C. Smith Catherine M. Nolan John J. Callanan 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(6):636-642
Greyhound nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis is an idiopathic breed‐associated fatal meningoencephalitis with lesions usually occurring within the rostral cerebrum. This disorder can only be confirmed by postmortem examination, with a diagnosis based upon the unique topography of inflammatory lesions. Our purpose was to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of this disease. Four Greyhounds with confirmed Greyhound nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis were evaluated by MR imaging. Lesions predominantly affected the olfactory lobes and bulbs, frontal, and frontotemporal cortical gray matter, and caudate nuclei bilaterally. Fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2 weighted spin‐echo (T2W) sequences were most useful to assess the nature, severity, extension, and topographic pattern of lesions. Lesions were predominantly T2‐hyperintense and T1‐isointense with minimal or absent contrast enhancement. 相似文献
8.
Eloisa Ortega-Vargas Silvia López-Ortiz Juan Andrés Burgueño-Ferreira W. Bruce Campbell Jesús Jarillo-Rodríguez 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(4):917-927
Guazuma ulmifolia was experimentally pruned to determine when pruning should begin during the rainy season in order to extend the production of green tree-forage during the dry season. Three prunings (P-1, P-2, and P-3) were performed (5 weeks apart) during the rainy season (August, September, and October) and four forage harvests (C-a, C-b, C-c, and C-d) (3 weeks apart) took place during the dry season (February, March, and April). Over 2 years, forage biomass production was evaluated as total biomass (g dry matter tree?1), biomass of the morphological components (leaves, stems, and dead matter), and nutritional quality (crude protein, fiber, lignin, and digestibility). Date of pruning affected the production of total biomass (P = 0.001) with the earliest pruning (P-1) yielding the greatest forage quantity, while stems (P = 0.022) and dead matter (P = 0.032) varied due to a year by pruning interaction. Total biomass, leaves, stems, and dead matter varied by the interaction between forage harvest and year for all four variables (P < 0.037). In both years, the largest forage harvest occurred in C-b (P < 0.05), leaf production was highest in C-a and C-b (P < 0.001), stem production was greatest in C-b (P = 0.013) and dead matter was highest in C-b and C-d (P = 0.002). Leaf crude protein ranged between 10 and 19 %, and the interaction of pruning by forage harvest by year was significant (P = 0.035). Digestibility, neutral and acid detergent fiber and lignin differed significantly because of the interaction between forage harvest and year (P < 0.005), with February showing the lowest values for fiber and the highest digestibility. The best time to prune G. ulmifolia is in August so that the young trees will produce more total biomass with a higher crude protein content. The most suitable moment for forage harvest is in February when the trees have more leaves with greater digestibility and less fiber. 相似文献
9.
10.
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuo & Sato is a devastating disease of chickpea. The current study was conducted to determine the inheritance
of the gene(s) for resistance to race 4 of fusarium wilt and to identify linked RAPD markers using an early wilting line,
JG-62, as a susceptible parent. Genetic analysis was performed on the F1s, F2s and F3 families from the cross of JG-62 × Surutato-77. The F3 families were inoculated with a spore suspension of the race 4 wilt pathogen and the results were used to infer the genotypes
of the parent F2 plants. Results indicated that two independent genes controlled resistance to race 4. Linkage analysis of candidate RAPD
marker, CS-27700, and the inferred F2 phenotypic data showed that this marker locus is linked to one of the resistance genes. Allelism indicated that the two resistance
sources, Surutato-77 and WR-315, shared common alleles for resistance and the two susceptible genotypes, C-104 and JG-62,
carried alleles for susceptibility. The PCR-based marker, CS-27700, was previously reported to be linked to the gene for resistance to race 1 in a different population which suggested that
the genes for resistance to races 1 and 4 are in close proximity in the Cicer genome.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献