Microenvironmental characteristics of intestinal biocenosis in calves with syndrome of hypotrophy     

A. G. Shakhov  L. Yu. Sashnina  D. V. Fedosov  T. A. Erina  Yu. N. Alekhin 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2014,40(1):70-72

Disorders of normal intestinal biocenosis formation, decline in colonization resistance, and more pronounced effect of predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases in hypotrophic calves were ascertained.  相似文献   

Population structure of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum at whole-country and model river levels in Japan     

Erina Fujiwara-Nagata  Céline Chantry-Darmon  Jean-Fran?ois Bernardet  Mitsuru Eguchi  Eric Duchaud  Pierre Nicolas 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):34

The bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a serious problem for salmonid farming worldwide. This study investigates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) the population structure of this pathogen in Japan where it is also a major concern for ayu, a popular game fish related to salmoniforms. A total of 34 isolates collected across the country and 80 isolates sampled in a single model river by electrofishing were genotyped. The data accounting for 15 fish species allowed identifying 35 distinct sequence types (ST) in Japan. These ST are distinct from those reported elsewhere, except for some ST found in rainbow trout and coho salmon, two fish that have been the subject of intensive international trade. The pattern of polymorphism is, however, strikingly similar across geographical scales (model river, Japan, world) in terms of the fraction of molecular variance linked to the fish host (~50%) and of pairwise nucleotide diversity between ST (~5 Kbp^-1). These observations go against the hypothesis of a recent introduction of F. psychrophilum in Japan. Two findings were made that are important for disease control: 1) at least two independent F. psychrophilum lineages infect ayu and 2) co-infections of the same individual fish by different strains occur.  相似文献   

Effective Synthesis and Antifouling Activity of Dolastatin 16 Derivatives     

Loida O. Casalme  Keisuke Katayama  Yoshiki Hayakawa  Kensuke Nakamura  Arisa Yamauchi  Yasuyuki Nogata  Erina Yoshimura  Fuyuhiko Matsuda  Taiki Umezawa 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Some derivatives of dolastatin 16, a depsipeptide natural product first obtained from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia, were synthesized through second-generation synthesis of two unusual amino acids, dolaphenvaline and dolamethylleuine. The second-generation synthesis enabled derivatizations such as functionalization of the aromatic ring in dolaphenvaline. The derivatives of fragments and whole structures were evaluated for antifouling activity against the cypris larvae of Amphibalanus amphitrite. Small fragments inhibited the settlement of the cypris larvae at potent to moderate concentrations (EC₅₀ = 0.60-4.62 μg/mL), although dolastatin 16 with a substituent on the aromatic ring (24) was much less potent than dolastatin 16.  相似文献   

Exploration of factors determining milk production by Holstein cows raised on a dairy farm in a temperate climate area     

Kino  Erina  Kawakami  Rui  Minamino  Tomoya  Mikurino  Yoko  Horii  Yoichiro  Honkawa  Kazuyuki  Sasaki  Yosuke 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):529-536

In this study, we examined factors that affected milk production by cows raised in a temperate climate area. We conducted this study on a large dairy farm containing approximately 2000 Holstein cows, located in a temperate climate area. We collected 7803 calving records for 4069 cows from 2012 to 2016. We then assessed the effect of hot weather on milk yield by examining three climate factors: season, maximum temperature (MAX), and the temperature and humidity index (THI). We found that increases in heat stress caused linear decreases in milk yield (P?<?0.05). Additionally, the effects of the three climate factors on milk yield varied depending on cow parity and days open (P?<?0.05). Thus, management procedures should consider cow parity and lactating stage to minimize the negative effects of heat stress on milk production. We also found that the lowest Akaike information criterion value was obtained in our model when using THI for 305-day milk yield. This suggests that THI is a more accurate variable for evaluating heat stress than MAX or season.

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Genetic diversity and population structure in Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) based on molecular markers     

de Souza Carneiro  Adriana  dos Santos  Adriano  Laviola  Bruno Galv&#;as  Teodoro  Larissa Pereira Ribeiro  Teodoro  Paulo Eduardo  Rodrigues  Erina Vit&#;rio 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(1):245-254

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oleaginous potential, howetever, some studies report that there is low genetic diversity in Brazilian genotypes....  相似文献   

Demonstration of the absence of intervening sequences (IVSs) within 16S rRNA genes of Taylorella equigenitalis and Taylorella asinigenitalis isolates     

Tazumi A  Nakanishi S  Hayashi K  Petry S  Tasaki E  Nakajima T  Ueno H  Moore JE  Millar BC  Matsuda M 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(3):435-437

A total of 57 Taylorella equigenitalis (n=22) and Taylorella asinigenitalis (n=35) isolates was shown not to carry any intervening sequences (IVSs) within 16S rRNA gene sequences. By contrast, we have already shown the genus Taylorella group to carry several kinds of IVSs within the 23S rRNA gene sequences.  相似文献   

Effect of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on adrenal and gonadal functions in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)     

Weng Q  Saita E  Watanabe G  Takahashi S  Sedqyar M  Suzuki AK  Taneda S  Taya K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(6):1335-1341

To investigate the effect of hypothyroidism on gonadal and adrenal functions in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), hypothyroidism was induced in male adult Japanese quail by daily administration of 2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole (methimazole) in their drinking water. Four weeks after methimazole treatment, the Japanese quail were sacrificed, and the plasma concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4), corticosterone, testosterone, LH and immunoreactive (ir) inhibins were measured by radioimmunoassay, the testes and adrenal glands were removed and weighed and the thyroid glands and testes were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for histological observation. The results showed that the hypothyroidism induced by methimazole caused a significant decrease in body and testes weight; the plasma levels of FT3, FT4 and TT4 significantly decreased, and the hypothyroid quail possessed a greater number of small follicles and more follicular epithelial cells in the thyroid gland. In addition, hypothyroidism resulted in a significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of corticosterone, LH, testosterone and ir-inhibin. Furthermore, no spermatogenesis was found in the seminiferous tubules of the methimazole treatment groups. These results clearly demonstrate that hypothyroidism caused both gonadal and adrenal disturbances in the adult male Japanese quail.  相似文献   

Relationships between immunoglobulin and fat‐soluble vitamins in colostrum of Japanese Black multiparous cows          下载免费PDF全文

Mengdong Wang  Shuntaro Ikeda  Hidetugu Yoshioka  Hiroshi Nagase  Shoko Kitamura  Erina Itoyama  Hiroaki Murakami  Miki Sugimoto  Shinichi Kume 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(7):673-678

Data from 19 Japanese Black multiparous cows were collected to clarify the relationships among immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, β‐carotene, vitamin A and α‐tocopherol contents in colostrum of cows in order to evaluate the role of fat‐soluble vitamins on colostral IgG and IgA production. Mean colostral IgG was 141 mg/mL, ranging from 65 to 208 mg/mL, whereas mean colostral IgA was 8.7 mg/mL, ranging from 1.0 to 34.6 mg/mL. Colostral IgG increased with aging in multiparous cows. There were positive correlations between colostral IgG and colostral vitamin A or colostral α‐tocopherol in cows, and the higher adjusted R² was obtained in the prediction model of colostral IgG from age and colostral vitamin A. Colostral vitamin A was positively correlated with colostral β‐carotene or colostral α‐tocopherol in cows, but there were no relationships between colostral IgA and colostral IgG or colostral fat‐soluble vitamins. These results indicate that fat‐soluble vitamin contents in colostrum of cows may change in similar patterns and high colostral vitamin A is related with high colostral IgG.  相似文献   

Structure and genetic diversity of macauba [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.] approached by SNP markers to assist breeding strategies     

Laviola  Bruno Galvêas  dos Santos  Adriano  Rodrigues  Erina Vitório  Teodoro  Larissa Pereira Ribeiro  Teodoro  Paulo Eduardo  Rosado  Tatiana Barbosa  Guimarães  Cíntia Gonçalves  da Conceição  Léo Duc Haa Carson Schwartzhaupt 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(3):1179-1191

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Macauba palm [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.] is a perennial oil, it stands out for having several characteristics of commercial interest, mainly...  相似文献   

Inhibin secretion in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) testis during active and inactive states of spermatogenesis induced by the restriction of photoperiod     

Kawazu S  Kishi H  Saita E  Jin W  Suzuki AK  Watanabe G  Taya K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2003,49(1):87-97

Gonadal function in the male golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) was investigated during exposure to a short photoperiod condition. Within 3 weeks of exposure to the short photoperiod condition, FSH and testosterone in the plasma significantly decreased, and subsequently immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin significantly decreased. Testicular contents of ir-inhibin and testosterone, and pituitary contents of LH and FSH also significantly decreased by 3 weeks with regression of weight of testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles and sperm head count. Circulating LH varied but not significantly. Thereafter, all reproductive parameters and secretion of LH, FSH, ir-inhibin and testosterone gradually recovered after 17 weeks of exposure even though animals continued to be subjected to the short photoperiod condition. Plasma concentrations of inhibin B and inhibin pro-alphaC were detectable and were significantly decreased after 15 weeks of exposure to the short photoperiod, but their levels were still detectable. Immunopositive reaction of inhibin alpha and betaB subunits was found in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in the regressed testes of animals subjected to short photoperiod as was also seen in animals before exposure to the short photoperiod. Although the spermatogenic cycle was suppressed like prepubertal animals, the present study showed that the testicular recovery, so-called refractoriness, is functionally different from the developing stage of immature animals, especially with regard to inhibin secretion. The present results showed that changes in FSH preceded changes in inhibin during the regression and recovery phases, indicating that FSH is a major regulatory factor of inhibin secretion in male golden hamsters. The present study also demonstrated that regressed testes still secrete a small amount of bioactive inhibin during exposure to a short-photoperiod condition.  相似文献