Central nervous system signs in chickens caused by a new avian reovirus strain: a pathogenesis study     

Van de Zande S  Kuhn EM 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,120(1-2):42-49

The present study describes the pathogenesis of infection of chicks with a new avian reovirus strain, belonging to the so-called enteric reovirus strains (ERS) that is capable of causing central nervous system signs in SPF white leghorns. After intramuscular (IM) or oral inoculation birds were either observed for clinical signs or sacrificed for macroscopic, histological and virological examination for 21 days. Virus isolation was performed on the brain, leg muscle, hock joint, liver and spleen. For the detection of viral antigen the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was performed on the caudal part of the cerebrum, spinal cord including spinal ganglia and right N. Ischiadicus. High mortality (79% in 7 days) was seen in birds that were inoculated IM. Survivors were depressed and stayed small until the end of the experiment. One bird had tremor and showed torticollis at 9 days after IM inoculation. Birds that were inoculated orally were depressed from day 4 and stayed small until the end of the experiment. One bird showed a torticollis at 10 days after inoculation. After both IM and oral inoculation ERS was isolated from the brain between 3 and 10 days after inoculation. Other examined organs were positive for virus isolation from day 1 or 5 until day 21. IHC revealed viral antigen positive cells in the Plexus chorioideus (plexus epithelial cells or cells within the underlying connective tissue) and in a spinal ganglion. The results indicate that the pathogenesis of ERS infection in chickens bears some resemblance with that of the mammalian reoviruses serotype 1 in mice.  相似文献   

Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis   总被引：166，自引：0，他引：166  

B C Trauth  C Klas  A M Peters  S Matzku  P M?ller  W Falk  K M Debatin  P H Krammer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,245(4915):301-305

To characterize cell surface molecules involved in control of growth of malignant lymphocytes, monoclonal antibodies were raised against the human B lymphoblast cell line SKW6.4. One monoclonal antibody, anti-APO-1, reacted with a 52-kilodalton antigen (APO-1) on a set of activated human lymphocytes, on malignant human lymphocyte lines, and on some patient-derived leukemic cells. Nanogram quantities of anti-APO-1 completely blocked proliferation of cells bearing APO-1 in vitro in a manner characteristic of a process called programmed cell death or apoptosis. Cell death was preceded by changes in cell morphology and fragmentation of DNA. This process was distinct from antibody- and complement-dependent cell lysis and was mediated by the antibody alone. A single intravenous injection of anti-APO-1 into nu/nu mice carrying a xenotransplant of a human B cell tumor induced regression of this tumor within a few days. Histological thin sections of the regressing tumor showed that anti-APO-1 was able to induce apoptosis in vivo. Thus, induction of apoptosis as a consequence of a signal mediated through cell surface molecules like APO-1 may be a useful therapeutic approach in treatment of malignancy.  相似文献   

Synergistic action of mebendazole and levamisole in the treatment of a benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus in sheep     

Eva-Maria Bennet  Carolyn Behm  C. Bryant  R.A.F. Chevis 《Veterinary parasitology》1980,7(3):207-214

One-year old worm free, merino wethers, were each infected with 5000 H. contortus larvae of a strain resistant to mebendazole at a rate of 52 mg/kg body weight of sheep. After 21 days, they were assigned to two trials. The preliminary trial showed that mebendazole and levamisole acted synergistically on the H. contortus infection. In the second trial, sheep were treated with 0.35 mg/kg levamisole (one seventh the minimum effective dose against susceptible worms) or 40 mg/kg mebendazole (40 times the minimum effective dose against susceptible worms). In each case the anthelmintics did not reduce worm burdens, although mebendazole depressed egg production. However, when mebendazole and levamisole, at the above dose rates, were administered simultaneously, total worm counts in sheep were reduced by almost 60%. Similar results were obtained when the levamisole was administered 8 h or 14 h after mebendazole treatment. The implications of these observations for the treatment of benzimidazole-resistant haemonchiasis in sheep are discussed.  相似文献   

RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUSES DETECTED IN PET RABBITS IN A COMMERCIAL LABORATORY IN EUROPE     

Rachel E. Marschang  Karola Weider  Hanna Erhard  Eva-Maria Klas  Claudia Laik-Schandelmaier 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2018,27(4):27-30

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an important cause of disease and mortality in wild and domestic European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) throughout the world. Testing for 2 distinct RHD virus types (RHDV/RHDVa and RHDV2) was carried out on samples collected from 684 rabbits submitted from veterinary practices and private owners throughout Europe between January 2015 and June 2017. Four (0.6%) were positive for RHDV/RHDVa and 257 (37.4%) were positive for RHDV2. RHDV/RHDVa was detected in individual samples from Germany and the Netherlands, while RHDV2 was found in animals from Germany, Great Britain, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, Belgium, Austria, Sweden, and Finland.  相似文献   

Larval development of Toxocara canis in dogs     

Schnieder T  Laabs EM  Welz C 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(3-4):193-206

The parasitic roundworm Toxocara canis is present in dog populations all over the world. Due to its zoonotic potential, this roundworm is of special interest not only for veterinarians, but also for medical practitioners. In the present review, current knowledge of infection routes and the subsequent development of larvae within the canine host is summarised. Furthermore, information about the clinical, pathological, enzymatic, haematological and histopathological changes was collected, giving a broad overview of current knowledge of the infection. Although the data collected over the years give an idea of what happens during the larval development of T. canis, many questions remain open. Nevertheless, it is important that we continue our efforts to further understand the biology of this versatile and compelling parasite and try to improve and optimise strategies to prevent the infection in dogs and thereby to protect humans from this infection.  相似文献   

Impact of biochar on nutrient supply,crop yield and microbial respiration on sandy soils of northern Germany     

Christian Knoblauch  S.H. Renuka Priyadarshani  Stephan M. Haefele  Nicola Schröder  Eva-Maria Pfeiffer 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(4):1885-1901

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Function, targets, and evolution of Caenorhabditis elegans piRNAs     

Bagijn MP  Goldstein LD  Sapetschnig A  Weick EM  Bouasker S  Lehrbach NJ  Simard MJ  Miska EA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6094):574-578

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First Record of A and B Type Beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Sugar Beets in Sweden     

Britt-Louise Lennefors  Klas Lindsten  Renate Koenig 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(2):199-201

Natural infections of sugar beet with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the causal agent of rhizomania, have been detected for the first time in Sweden in two small areas, one on the island of Öland and one in the Southeastern part of Scania. Single strand conformation polymorphism analyses of PCR products revealed that the infections on Öland were produced by A type BNYVV, whereas those in Scania were caused by the B type. This suggests that BNYVV has been introduced into Sweden at least twice. Alternatively, the virus may have invaded sugar beet from unknown native hosts. BNYVV RNA 5 was not detected in the samples investigated.  相似文献   

Computational design of proteins targeting the conserved stem region of influenza hemagglutinin     

Fleishman SJ  Whitehead TA  Ekiert DC  Dreyfus C  Corn JE  Strauch EM  Wilson IA  Baker D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6031):816-821

We describe a general computational method for designing proteins that bind a surface patch of interest on a target macromolecule. Favorable interactions between disembodied amino acid residues and the target surface are identified and used to anchor de novo designed interfaces. The method was used to design proteins that bind a conserved surface patch on the stem of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) from the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus. After affinity maturation, two of the designed proteins, HB36 and HB80, bind H1 and H5 HAs with low nanomolar affinity. Further, HB80 inhibits the HA fusogenic conformational changes induced at low pH. The crystal structure of HB36 in complex with 1918/H1 HA revealed that the actual binding interface is nearly identical to that in the computational design model. Such designed binding proteins may be useful for both diagnostics and therapeutics.  相似文献   

Immunology. A perfect mismatch     

Kärre K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5562):2029-2031

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