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The cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is initiated by the rapid recruitment of repair factors to the site of DNA damage to form a multiprotein repair complex. How the repair complex senses damaged DNA and then activates the DDR is not well understood. We show that prolonged binding of DNA repair factors to chromatin can elicit the DDR in an ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated)- and DNAPK (DNA-dependent protein kinase)-dependent manner in the absence of DNA damage. Targeting of single repair factors to chromatin revealed a hierarchy of protein interactions within the repair complex and suggests amplification of the damage signal. We conclude that activation of the DDR does not require DNA damage and stable association of repair factors with chromatin is likely a critical step in triggering, amplifying, and maintaining the DDR signal. 相似文献
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Evi Pecceu Brittainy Stebbing Yolanda Martinez Pereira Ian Handel Geoff Culshaw Hannah Hodgkiss-Geere Jessica Lawrence 《Veterinary research communications》2017,41(4):249-256
Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) is an indirect measure of heart rate variability and may serve as a marker of disease severity. Higher heart rate variability has predicted lower tumour burden and improved survival in humans with various tumour types. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate VVTI as a biomarker of remission status in canine lymphoma. The primary hypothesis was that VVTI would be increased in dogs in remission compared to dogs out of remission. Twenty-seven dogs were prospectively enrolled if they had a diagnosis of intermediate to high-grade lymphoma and underwent multidrug chemotherapy. Serial electrocardiogram data were collected under standard conditions and relationships between VVTI, remission status and other clinical variables were evaluated. VVTI from dogs in remission (partial or complete) did not differ from dogs with fulminant lymphoma (naive or at time of relapse). Dogs in partial remission had higher VVTI than dogs in complete remission (p = 0.021). Higher baseline VVTI was associated with higher subsequent scores (p < 0.001). VVTI also correlated with anxiety level (p = 0.03). Based on this pilot study, VVTI did not hold any obvious promise as a useful clinical biomarker of remission status. Further investigation may better elucidate the clinical and prognostic utility of VVTI in dogs with lymphoma. 相似文献
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Investigation of the utility of lymph node fine‐needle aspiration cytology for the staging of malignant solid tumors in dogs 
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Skouras PJ Margaritopoulos JT Seraphides NA Ioannides IM Kakani EG Mathiopoulos KD Tsitsipis JA 《Pest management science》2007,63(1):42-48
The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the most important pest of olives in countries around the Mediterranean basin. Its control has been based mostly on bait sprays with organophosphate insecticides (usually dimethoate or fenthion) for about 40 years. In the present study, the resistance status of olive fruit fly populations to dimethoate was examined in Greece and Cyprus over 2 years. Thirty-one populations from various regions of Greece, nine from Cyprus and one laboratory susceptible strain, which served as a control, were assayed by topical application of dimethoate. Considerable variation in the resistance levels to dimethoate was recorded in the populations of B. oleae, with resistance ratios ranging from 6.3 to 64.4 (ED(50) values 12.5-128.7 ng dimethoate per insect). The highest resistance ratios were found in populations from Crete, and the lowest in those from Cyprus. This variation could be attributed to different selection pressures from insecticidal applications among populations from the various regions. Migration of resistant genotypes, either autonomous or via commerce, may also be involved. 相似文献
6.
Calibration of the simulation model “Ceres Wheat” under conditions of soils with shallow watertable and temperate climate. Part 2: Verification of the modified model “Ceres Wheat” The Ceres Wheat yield model has been adopted to soils under wet conditions and to humide climate. The basic assumptions of the modified model have been checked. The simulated results of the soil water balance, the plant development and the nitrate losses by drain discharge give fairly well agreements to field data from a Calcaric Fluvisol (Speicherkoog, Schleswig-Holstein). The modification improves the model and leads to the opportunity to simulate special aspects in agronomical and ecological advices. 相似文献
7.
John H. Loughrin Arturo I. Quintanar Kim L. Cook Nanh C. Lovanh Rezaul Mahmood Evi Becerra-Acosta 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(7):3611-3618
The concentrations of p-cresol above a wastewater lagoon were modeled from February through June based on equations developed in a previous study. Using this model, in which p-cresol concentrations were calculated based on lagoon evaporation and net available radiation at the lagoon surface, predicted p-cresol concentrations were highest during the months of March and April and declined to very low levels thereafter. This was in accordance with observed emission patterns in the previous study. In the same period during which predicted emissions increased, wastewater concentrations of malodorants decreased. While other indicators of wastewater quality such as ammonium and chemical oxygen demand (COD) also decreased in concentration, the magnitude of their improvement was not as high as for the malodorants. There were no pronounced differences in bacterial populations between the cool and warm seasons based on molecular quantification of genes targeting total cells, Bacteroides, Clostridia, and methanogens. While the improvement in the concentrations of wastewater malodorants may be due to catabolism by lagoon bacteria, our findings indicate that evaporative losses that occurred as the lagoon warmed may also play a strong role. 相似文献
8.
Quantification of Wheat TAXI and XIP Type Xylanase Inhibitors: A Comparison of Analytical Techniques
Kurt Gebruers Johnny Beaugrand Evi Croes Emmie Dornez Christophe M. Courtin Jan A. Delcour 《Cereal Chemistry》2008,85(5):586-590
To date, three different techniques are available for the quantification of TAXI and XIP type proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors in cereals. A first approach is based on the determination of the residual activities of xylanases (also referred to as endo‐1,4‐β‐d ‐xylanases, EC 3.2.1.8), which are specifically inhibited by these inhibitors, after incubation with sample containing the inhibitors. The other two techniques are immunoblotting and ELISA which are based on recognition of TAXI and XIP proteins by specific antibodies. TAXI, as well as XIP, are easily extracted by aqueous buffers. Hence, the large difference in their concentrations (2–10 fold higher for XIP than for TAXI in whole meal) is not caused by differences in extractability. The repeatabilities of the three techniques are comparable. The intra‐assay and inter‐assay coefficients of variation were 6–7 and 10–14%, respectively, which is in the range of values described for methods to quantify other compounds in plant and animal tissues. The three methods give comparable results, suggesting they have similar accuracies. The choice of the technique to be used will depend not only on the sensitivity and dynamic range needed, but also on its technical simplicity and the need for high‐throughput analysis. 相似文献
9.
Calibration of the simulation model “Ceres Wheat” under conditions of soils with shallow watertable and temperate climate. Part 1: Limitations in the applicability of the original model and necessary modifications To apply the yield simulation model “Ceres Wheat” under the specific climate conditions of Schleswig Holstein, the following modifications were necessary:
- Wheat development is strongly influenced by climatic conditions. Therefore the model has been adjusted to the temperate climate of Schleswig Holstein.
- The soil water balance routine of the model was originally designed for soils without oxygen deficiencies due to water logging. Routines for shallow water tables and artificial drainage were formulated.
- Due to modifications of the soil water balance routine, the associated nitrogen routine, especially the leaching of nitrate, has been changed.
- The simulation of yield depressions due to excessive water required the introduction of a trafficability delay function and an additional reduction factor for crop development.
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Ewa Gondek Ewa Jakubczyk Els Herremans Bert Verlinden Maarten Hertog Thomas Vandendriessche Pieter Verboven Aleksandra Antoniuk Evi Bongaers Pascal Estrade Bart M. Nicolaï 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013
The aim of this work was to describe the texture and structure of crisp bread obtained with different extrusion parameters. The texture of different crisp bread samples was evaluated using a combination of acoustic and mechanical tests. The advantage of this measurement setup is the feasibility of simultaneous registering of the force–deformation characteristics, sounds (using an acoustic envelope detector coupled to the texture analyser with a microphone) as well as mechanical vibrations (registered using a piezoelectric sensor) generated during a penetration test. All analysed samples of bread were products with a crisp texture that emitted audible sounds with a significant intensity that could be registered with a microphone as well as with a contact method. Micro-CT cross-section images showed the highly porous structure of the crisp breads but variant 3 appeared to have thicker walls and larger cells than the other breads. 相似文献