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1.
S Katsuda H Hosomi M Shiomi Y Watanabe 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(4):669-673
Effects of atherosclerosis on the mean value and daily variation of arterial pressure were studied in 12 Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits aged 12 to 35 months and 25 normal Japanese white rabbits aged 6 to 30 months. A pressure catheter was inserted through the left subclavian artery under pentobarbital anesthesia. A few days after the catheterization, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the rabbits, which were active and in a good state of appetite, was recorded by an analogue-to-digital converter every second for about 6 hrs and stored in a computer. The mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) in the WHHL rabbit, calculated from each successive MAP record, ranged widely from 85.8 to 131.4 mmHg and 5.6 to 12.6 mmHg, respectively. There was no significant correlation between M and SD in the WHHL rabbit. M and variance (V) of MAP in the WHHL rabbit were significantly higher than those in the normal rabbit. M did not show any significant change with increasing ages, whereas SD increased significantly with aging in the WHHL rabbit. Concentrations of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in the WHHL rabbit were 475 and 328 mg/dl, which were about nine and seven times as high as those in the normal rabbit, respectively. Macroscopic and histopathological examinations of the aorta revealed development and spread of sclerotic lesions with aging in the WHHL rabbit. We can conclude that development of atherosclerosis with aging in the WHHL rabbit causes malfunction of the baroreceptors, which contributes to hypertension and lability of arterial pressure. 相似文献
2.
Khin Thawda Win Ryoko Nonaka Koki Toyota Takashi Motobayashi Masaaki Hosomi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(6):589-595
A lysimeter experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of the NH3 volatilization mitigation by adding anaerobically digested cattle slurry (ADCS) alone, with wood vinegar (WV) or with a higher
level of floodwater (HFW), on emissions of CH4 and N2O from a paddy soil planted with fodder rice. We have carried out the following treatments: (1) chemical fertilizer, (2) ADCS,
(3) ADCS + WV, and (4) ADCS + HFW; the height of floodwater was 10 cm in the latter treatment, and it was 3 to 4 cm in the
other treatments just before fertilizer applications. Nitrogen fertilizer rate added to soil in each treatment was 30 g NH4+–N m−2 (split in one basal and two top-dressing additions). Ammonia volatilization in the ADCS treatment was 2.7 g NH3–N m−2 throughout the growing season, and it was significantly reduced by 79% and 55% in the ADCS + WV and ADCS + HFW treatments,
respectively. The total amount of CH4 emitted in the ADCS treatment in the growing season was not significantly enhanced by the mitigation of NH3 volatilization either by adding wood vinegar or by increasing the height of the floodwater. Negligible N2O emissions were observed in all treatments during the growing period. 相似文献
3.
K. T. Win R. Nonaka A. T. Win Y. Sasada K. Toyota T. Motobayashi M. Hosomi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2012,10(4):281-289
Methane oxidation activity (MOA), methanotrophic bacteria (MOB), and CH4 emission in a paddy field fertilized with anaerobically digested slurry were compared between two varieties: a fodder rice variety Leaf star (LS) and a normal rice variety Kinuhikari (KN). Average MOA and MOB per unit dry root were significantly higher in KN (7.1?μmol?g?1 CH4?g?1 dry root h?1 and 3.7?×?107 MPN?g?1 dry root, respectively) than in LS (4.3?μmol?g?1 CH4?g?1 dry root h?1, 2.1?×?107 MPN?g?1 dry root), although MOA in the rice root per whole plant was not significantly different since root biomass of LS (1.5?g dry root plant?1) was significantly higher than that of KN (1.2?g dry root plant?1). MOA in the soil ranged from 0.031 to 0.087?μmol?g?1 CH4?g?1 dry soil h?1, but there were no significant differences in both depths (0–5 and 5–15?cm) between the two rice varieties. MOA in the rhizosphere soil was significantly different between the rice varieties at flowering, but not at tillering. Methane emission in the field was lower and MOA and MOB in the rice root were higher in LS than in KN at tillering, but the reverse results were found at flowering and maturity stages. Total CH4 emission during a growing period was not significantly different between LS (27.4?±?16.9?g CH4?m?2) and KN (24.0?±?19.5?g CH4?m?2). There was a significant negative relationship between CH4 emission and rice root MOB (P?<?0.01) or MOA (P?<?0.05) and significant positive relationship was observed between root MOA and MOB (P?<?0.01). This study revealed that choice of rice variety might be an important environmental issue in paddy cultivation since it can influence MOA and MOB in rice root and rhizosphere soil which relate with CH4 emission. 相似文献
4.
FRM Soto WG Viana GCB Mucciolo FYM Hosomi CI Vannucchi CP Mazzei AR Eyherabide C De Fátima Lúcio RA Dias SS De Azevedo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(6):927-931
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of zinc gluconate associated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for chemical neutering in canine males. Fifteen sexually mature male dogs were divided in two groups, named control and treated. An injection was administered to both testicles, at a concentration of 26.2 mg zinc gluconate per ml and 0.5% DMSO in the treated group (11 dogs). The control group was given injections of saline solution (four dogs). Clinical examination and blood collection for a haemogram were done both before and after drug injection. There were 12 spermograms performed to analyse sperm motility, sperm vigour, ejaculate volume, testicle size, pathology and sperm concentrations. Libido was also measured. An ultrasound examination and histopathology were performed at the end of the experiment. Dogs’ libido after chemical injection was reduced by over 50%. The spermogram analysis showed final mean results of 14.54% for sperm motility, 0.72 of sperm vigour and 37 150 per million spermatozoa per millilitre, values considered below the necessary levels at which fertilization can occur. Ultrasound and histopathology analyses of testicles for the treated group revealed more intense injuries when compared with the control group, with compromised testicular parenchyma and a decrease of germ cell number leading to total atrophy, indicating that the treatment reduced the fertilizing potential of male dogs, promoting a possible subfertile status. 相似文献
5.
H. Hou T. Takamatsu M. K. Koshikawa & M. Hosomi 《European Journal of Soil Science》2006,57(2):214-227
We determined concentrations of Ag, In, Sn, Sb and Bi, and fractionated them by sequential extraction procedures, in five Japanese soils: Andosol‐1 (grassland), Andosol‐2 (forest), Cambisol (forest), Fluvisol (vegetable garden) and Regosol (forest). Average concentrations of Ag, In, Sn, Sb and Bi were 0.17 ± 0.08, 0.081 ± 0.019, 2.2 ± 0.5, 0.83 ± 0.32 and 0.32 ± 0.12 mg kg?1, respectively. Average distributions of the chemical fractions (omitting those with an abundance < 5%) were: Ag, residual (60%) > H2O2‐extractable, organically bound (H2O2‐Org) (18%) > metal–organic complex‐bound (Me‐Org) (10%) > amorphous metal oxide‐bound (am‐MeOx) (8.3%); In, residual (61%) > H2O2‐Org (12%) > Me‐Org (8.7%) ≥ crystalline Fe oxide‐bound (cr‐FeOx) (8.2%) > am‐MeOx (7.4%); Sn, residual (40%) > Me‐Org (19%) > carbonate‐bound (12%) > cr‐FeOx (9.0%) > H2O2‐Org (7.8%) > am‐MeOx (6.9%); Sb, residual (34%) > Me‐Org (18%) > am‐MeOx (16%) > cr‐FeOx (8.9%) ≥ H2O2‐Org (8.7%) > easily reducible metal oxide‐bound (re‐MeOx) (6.8%) > carbonate‐bound (6.1%); Bi, am‐MeOx (26%) ≥ H2O2‐Org (26%) > Me‐Org (19%) > residual (17%) > cr‐FeOx (12%). Proportions of the mobilizable (exchangeable + carbonate‐bound + Me‐Org + re‐MeOx) metal fractions were in the order Sn ≥ Sb > Bi > Ag ? In, and Cambisol > Andosol‐2 > Regosol > Andosol‐1 > Fluvisol. The proportions were predicted by multiple regression equations including pH, surface area, C contents, cation exchange capacity and clay content of the soils as independent variables (R2 > 0.96, P < 0.02). 相似文献
6.
Yu Sasada Khin Thawda Win Ryoko Nonaka Aye Thida Win Koki Toyota Takashi Motobayashi Masaaki Hosomi Chen Dingjiang Jun Lu 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(8):949-956
We have examined the effects of different types of slurry on CH4 and N2O emissions, Zn and Cu contents of rice, and nitrate content of the drainage water. The experiment included four treatments: (1) anaerobically digested cattle slurry (ADCS), (2) ADCS filtered to remove the coarse organic matter fraction, (3) anaerobically digested pig slurry (ADPS), and (4) chemical fertilizer (CF). The application rate was 30?g?NH4?CN?m?2. Different amounts of C were incorporated with fertilization: 725?g?C?m?2 in ADCS, 352?g?m?2 in filtered ADCS, and 75?g?m?2 in ADPS. The average CH4 emissions during a growing period were 304, 359, 452, and 579?mg?m?2?day?1 in the CF, ADPS, filtered ADCS, and ADCS treatments, respectively. The CH4 emission was significantly higher in ADCS than in CF and ADPS. Negligible N2O emissions were observed during the growing period. Comparable concentrations of Zn and Cu were observed in the rice grain among the treatments. In contrast, their concentrations in the stems and leaves were significantly higher in ADPS than in CF treated rice, although the values were lower than the upper limit of feed additives. Nitrate concentrations in the drainage water were consistently low (0.5?mg?N?L?1). The present study suggested that ADPS, containing a lower amount of C than ADCS, might be an organic fertilizer in paddy field with comparable environmental impacts to chemical fertilizers (CF), but long-term field studies are needed to better understand the effects of these organic fertilizers. 相似文献
7.
Noriko Hosomi Takahiro Furutani Noriyuki Takahashi Toshiro Masumoto Haruhisa Fukada 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(3):483-492
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) play important roles in regulating appetite in vertebrates, including mammals and fish. Understanding the appetite mechanism is important in aquaculture to improve production performance. The yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata is one of the most cultured fish in Japan, but little is known about its appetite hormones. In the present study, complementary DNA encoding for NPY was cloned in yellowtail and consists of 604 bp, in which deduced amino acid sequences show high identity to those of other teleosts. In tissue distribution, the npy and cck mRNAs were detected in all examined tissues (whole brain, telencephalon, optic tectum, hypothalamus, cerebellum, pituitary, retina, stomach, pyloric caeca, anterior intestine, liver, and kidney). In the fasting experiment, only npy mRNA expression in the hypothalamus responded to fasting, showing a significantly high value compared with that in control fish. The expression of cck mRNA in the examined tissues did not change with fasting. The npy mRNA expression in the hypothalamus might be involved in feeding regulation in yellowtail. 相似文献
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9.
Hong Hou Sheng Zhou Masaaki Hosomi Koki Toyota Kiori Yosimura Yuuko Mutou Taku Nisimura Masao Takayanagi Takashi Motobayashi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,183(1-4):37-48
Ammonia fluxes from application of anaerobically-digested slurry (ADS) and chemical fertilizer (CF) to flooded forage rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Japan were measured using a dynamic flow-through chamber method in lysimeters. The CF was applied at a rate of 300 N ha?1 (three times) as ammoniacal-N fertilizer, and the ADS was applied to the lysimeters at total rates equivalent to 75, 100 and 150 kg N ha?1, by broadcasting uniformly into the floodwater at three or six times (equal splits) between 17th June and 17th November, 2005. The emission fluxes for the first 2 days after application were very high from ADS, the highest values being 679 compared with a maximum of 156 mg N m?2 d?1 from CF. Most (61–93%) of the ammonia loss occurred during the first 5 days after each application of fertilizer. The total N loss as ammonia from ADS (29.6–51.7%) was much higher than from CF (12.2%). The highest fluxes were observed in August (2005) when air temperature was highest. More ammonia was lost from the ADS applied at the early stages (i.e. root taking, tiller stages) than at later stages (i.e. elongation, fruiting stages) of rice growth. 相似文献
10.
Nitrogen Budget and Ammonia Volatilization in Paddy Fields Fertilized With Liquid Cattle Waste 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sheng Zhou Kotoha Nishiyama Yoichi Watanabe Masaaki Hosomi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,201(1-4):135-147
A study was conducted to determine nitrogen budget and ammonia volatilization in Japanese paddy fields supplemented with liquid cattle waste (LCW). A series of four, 2?×?10 m experimental plots was established in a paddy field with silty clay soil planted with forage rice (Oryza sativa L.). In addition to 195 kg N ha?1 of chemical or compost-based basal fertilizer, LCW was applied as an additional fertilizer at total nitrogen rates of 0, 255, 255, and 405 kg N ha?1 to the four plots C195, T450-1, T450-2, and T600, respectively. The mass balance showed that after application of LCW, 32–39% of total input nitrogen was assimilated into aboveground parts of rice plants, 11–15% leached downward, 2.5–4.0% was lost via ammonia volatilization, 1.6–5.1% was retained in roots or was adsorbed onto soil, and approximately 30–40% was lost via denitrification. Compared to animal waste slurries applied to unsaturated soils, nitrogen loss via ammonia volatilization was relatively lower, probably due to the dilution effect of floodwater. Nitrogen loss via denitrification was markedly higher in areas where LCW was applied compared to areas without LCW application. On the other hand, nitrogen leaching downwards represented a substantial loss and may be an environmental concern. However, after LCW application only, the ammonium ion was detected, at a maximum nitrogen concentration of 11.4 mg L?1. In this system, therefore, nitrogen has a different fate to that in animal waste slurries applied to unsaturated soil. In that situation, the major nitrogen form in leaching water is nitrate nitrogen, which moves readily into groundwater. 相似文献