Anti-Leishmania IgA in urine samples from dogs with clinical leishmaniasis     

Felicitat Todolí  Laia Solano-Gallego  Ana Ojeda  Josefina Quintana  Albert Lloret  Xavier Roura  Jordi Alberola  Alhelí Rodríguez-Cortés 《Veterinary parasitology》2009

Recently, anti-Leishmania IgG has been detected in urine samples from Leishmania-infected dogs and its concentrations have been correlated with impairment of renal function. The presence and relationship with other anti-Leishmania Ig isotypes in urine have not yet been investigated. The current study analyzed the concentrations of anti-Leishmania IgA and IgG in sera (Ig-S) and urine (Ig-U) samples by ELISA in 64 untreated dogs with clinical leishmaniasis. All 64 serum samples tested were positive for anti-Leishmania IgG. Fifty of them (78.1%) were also positive for anti-Leishmania IgA. The results showed the presence of anti-Leishmania IgA-U in 38% of the 50 dogs that were positive for specific IgA-S. Thirty-eight of the 64 dogs positive for Leishmania-specific IgG-S (59.4%) were also positive for Leishmania-specific IgG in urine (IgG-U). The concentrations of anti-Leishmania IgA-U were significantly correlated with urine protein/creatinine (uP/C) ratio (ρ = 0.542; P < 0.001) and with serum biochemical parameters, such as γ-globulins, urea and creatinine. Goldmann–Witmer coefficient (C value) indicated that detection of specific IgA in urine samples from dogs with leishmaniasis might not only be due to impairment of filtration of the glomerular barrier but also be due to local production of this isotype, which might reflect a local immunological response to the presence of the parasite in the genitourinary tract. Anti-Leishmania IgG-U concentrations were highly correlated with uP/C ratio (ρ = 0.779; P < 0.001) and C value did not support in any case local production of this isotype. IgG isotype might be a more suitable and specific tool to evaluate renal damage due to the lower IgA-U sensitivity and correlation coefficients and evidence of IgA local production. However, dogs found positive for both Ig isotypes in urine presented significantly higher specific IgG-U concentrations and higher uP/C ratios than dogs found positive only for IgG-U, thus suggesting that the first group suffered more severe renal damage. This fact makes it necessary to evaluate the prognosis of dogs showing both anti-Leishmania IgA-U and IgG-U in future studies.  相似文献   

Performance of commercially available serological diagnostic tests to detect Leishmania infantum infection on experimentally infected dogs     

Alhelí Rodríguez-Cortés  Ana Ojeda  Felicitat Todolí  Jordi Alberola 《Veterinary parasitology》2013,191(3-4):363-366

Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi) is the etiological agent of a widespread serious zoonotic disease that affects both humans and dogs. Prevalence and incidence of the canine infection are important parameters to determine the risk and the ways to control this reemergent zoonosis. Unfortunately, there is not a gold standard test for Leishmania infection. Our aim was to assess the operative validity of commercial tests used to detect antibodies to Leishmania in serum samples from experimental infections. Three ELISA tests (LEISCAN^® Leishmania ELISA Test, INGEZIM^® LEISHMANIA, and INGEZIM^® LEISHMANIA VET), three immunochromatographic tests (INGEZIM^® LEISHMACROM, SNAP^® Leishmania, and WITNESS^® Leishmania), and one IFAT were evaluated. LEISCAN^® Leishmania ELISA test achieved the highest sensitivity and accuracy (both 0.98). Specificity was 1 for all tests except for IFAT. All tests but IFAT obtained a positive predictive value of 1, while the maximum negative predictive value was achieved by LEISCAN^® Leishmania ELISA Test (0.93). The best positive likelihood ratio was obtained by INGEZIM^® LEISHMANIA VET (30.26), while the best negative likelihood ratio was obtained by LEISCAN^® Leishmania ELISA Test (0.02). The highest diagnostic odds ratio was achieved by LEISCAN^® Leishmania ELISA Test (729.00). The largest area under the ROC curve was obtained by LEISCAN^® Leishmania ELISA Test (0.981). Quantitative ELISA based tests performmed better than qualitative tests (“Rapid Tests”), and the test best suited to detect Leishmania in infected dogs and to provide clinically useful information was LEISCAN^® Leishmania ELISA Test. This and other results point also to the need of revising the status of IFAT as a gold standard for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis.  相似文献