Soil quality assessments in integrated crop–livestock–forest systems: A review     

Gustavo Pereira Valani  Aline Fachin Martíni  Laura Fernanda Simes da Silva  Renata Cristina Bovi  Miguel Cooper 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):22-36

Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems.  相似文献   

Caprine toxoplasmosis in Southern Brazil: a comparative seroepidemiological study between the indirect immunofluorescence assay,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the modified agglutination test     

Fortes  Maira Salomão  Lopes-Mori  Fabiana Maria Ruiz  Caldart  Eloiza Teles  Constantino  Caroline  Evers  Fernanda  Pagliari  Sthefany  de Almeida  Jonatas Campos  Barros  Luiz Daniel  Freire  Roberta Lemos  Garcia  João Luis  Headley  Selwyn Arlington  Navarro  Italmar Teodorico 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(2):413-419

Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study investigated the prevalence of caprine toxoplasmosis in goat herds from Southern Brazil by the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and...  相似文献   

Effect of feed intake level and dietary protein content on the body temperature of pigs housed under thermo neutral conditions          下载免费PDF全文

A. Morales  N. Ibarra  M. Chávez  T. Gómez  A. Suárez  J. A. Valle  R. L. Camacho  M. Cervantes 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e718-e725

Feed intake and diet composition appear to affect the body temperature of pigs. Two trials were conducted to analyse the effect of feed intake level and dietary protein content on the intestinal temperature (IT) of pigs housed under thermo neutral conditions. Ten pigs (64.1 ± 1.3 kg initial body weight) fitted with an ileal cannula were used. A thermometer set to register the IT at 5‐min intervals was implanted into the ileum through the cannula. In both trials, the ambient temperature ranged from 19.1 to 21.6°C and the pigs were fed at 07:00 and 19:00 hr (same amount each time). In trial 1, the pigs were fed daily 1.2 or 1.8 kg of a wheat–soybean meal diet. The IT followed a similar pattern along a 24‐hr period regardless the feed intake level. The IT rapidly increased up to 0.61 and 0.74°C after the morning meal and up to 0.53 and 0.47°C after the evening meal in pigs fed 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d respectively. The postprandial IT was higher in pigs fed 1.8 kg after each meal (p < .05). In trial 2, pigs were fed daily 1.8 kg of a low (11%) or a high (22%) crude protein diet. The IT followed a similar pattern along the 24‐hr period regardless the dietary protein level. The postprandial IT did not differ between pigs fed the low protein or the high protein (p > .10). The IT rapidly increased up to 0.66 and 0.62°C after the morning meal in pigs fed the high‐ and low‐protein diet (p < .05), but there was no change after the evening meal (p > .10). In conclusion, the feed intake level affected the IT of pigs housed under TN conditions, but the dietary protein content had no effect.  相似文献   

Metabolic effects of trichlorfon (Masoten®) on the neotropical freshwater fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)     

Francine P. Venturini  Fernanda D. Moraes  Lucas R. X. Cortella  Priscila A. Rossi  Claudinei Cruz  Gilberto Moraes 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(1):299-309

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Hormetic effect of glyphosate persists during the entire growth period and increases sugarcane yield     

Renata P Pincelli‐Souza  Fernanda PAP Bortolheiro  Caio A Carbonari  Edivaldo D Velini  Marcelo de A Silva 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2388-2394

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Effect of Caffeine Added to the Activating Solution on Sperm Motility of Fresh and Thawed Semen of Pacu,Piaractus mesopotamicus,and Curimba,Prochilodus lineatus     

Aline F. S. Carvalho  Monica R. Ferreira Machado  Estefnia S. Andrade  Luis D. S. Murgas  Mrcio G. Zangeronimo  Thiago C. Barros  Fernanda G. Paula 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(1):75-81

The aim was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of caffeine added in activating solution over sperm motility in fresh and thawed semen of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, and curimba, Prochilodus lineatus. The activating solutions were prepared with sodium bicarbonate solution of 0.76% (NaHCO₃) and caffeine was added at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mM. As control, a solution of NaHCO₃ 0.76 without caffeine was used. Eight males of pacu and 20 males of curimba were used. Aliquots of 200 μL of semen were diluted in 800 μL extender solution (DMSO 10% and BTS 5%), placed in 0.5 mL straws and cryopreserved for 7 d in a liquid nitrogen tank. There was a linear increase in sperm motility for fresh semen of pacu, and for curimba fresh and thawed semen (P < 0.05), due to the increase in the concentration of caffeine. There was a quadratic response for duration of motility for thawed semen of pacu and for fresh semen of curimba (P < 0.05), respectively. These results indicate that addition of caffeine in the activator solution can improve sperm motility parameters, however, is dependent on the species and concentration used.  相似文献   

Early resynchronization protocols for goats: Progestogens can be used prior to an early pregnancy diagnosis without affecting corpus luteum functionality     

Isabel Oliveira Cosentino  Mario Felipe Alvarez Balaro  Felipe Seabra Cardoso Leal  Lucas de Figueiredo Cardoso Barbosa  Fernanda Martins Gonçalves  Gabriel Feliciano Felizardo  Marina Monteiro Netto  Felipe Zandonadi Brandão 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(11):1655-1659

This study aimed to evaluate the exogenous progesterone (P4) effect on the luteal function from Day 16 to Day 21 of the oestrous cycle in inseminated goats with unknown pregnancy status. A total of 54 does passed through a short progestin-based synchronization protocol and, on Day 16 of the following oestrous cycle, 27 does received a new P4 device which was retained until Day 21. Blood samples were collected daily from all does during this period, as well as on Day 24. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on Day 30. Serum P4 values from 26 animals (G_NPSP: Group of non-pregnant does with second sponge: n = 8; G_NPNSP: Group of non-pregnant does without second sponge: n = 6; G_PSP: Group of pregnant does with second sponge: n = 5; G_PNSP: Group of pregnant does without second sponge: n = 7) were determined by radioimmunoassay commercial kits. No P4 differences were found between groups (G_NPSP: 3.1 ± 2.8; 1.7 ± 1.8; 0.4 ± 1.0; and 0.0 ± 0.0 vs. G_NPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.8; 3.0 ± 2.2; 0.8 ± 0.8; and 0.0 ± 0.0 or G_PSP: 4.2 ± 1.0; 3.4 ± 0.6; 3.3 ± 1.6; 3.2 ± 0.9; 3.6 ± 1.2; 3.5 ± 1.3; 2.7 ± 1.3 vs. G_PNSP: 4.4 ± 1.6; 3.6 ± 1.5; 3.7 ± 1.5; 3.8 ± 1.4; 3.2 ± 1.2; 3.1 ± 1.2; 3.6 ± 1.1; D16, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, D24, respectively) or for the interaction of group and time. In conclusion, a second progestogen device had no effect on luteolysis or early pregnancy in the following oestrous cycle.  相似文献   

Co-inoculation of selected nodule endophytic rhizobacterial strains with Rhizobium tropici promotes plant growth and controls damping off in common bean     

Linnajara DE VASCONCELOS MARTINS FERREIRA  Fernanda DE CARVALHO  J&#;lia FONSECA COLOMBO ANDRADE  Damiany P&#;DUA OLIVEIRA  Fl&#;vio Henrique VASCONCELOS DE MEDEIROS  Fatima Maria DE SOUZA MOREIRA 《土壤圈》2020,30(1):98-108

Production of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)is limited by the occurrence of damping off(rhizoctoniosis),which is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani.However,the co-inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)involved in biological control along with diatomic nitrogen(N2)-fixing rhizobia can enhance N nutrition and increase production.In this context,finding microorganisms with synergistic effects that perform these two roles is of fundamental importance to ensure adequate yield levels.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation of nodule endophytic strains of the genera Bacillus,Paenibacillus,Burkholderia,and Pseudomonas with Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899,an N2-fixing rhizobial strain,on the biocontrol of damping off and growth promotion in common bean plants.Greenhouse experiments were conducted under axenic conditions using the common bean cultivar Pérola.The first experiment evaluated the potential of the 14 rhizobacterial strains,which were inoculated alone or in combination with CIAT 899,for the control of R.solani.The second experiment evaluated the ability of these 14 rhizobacterial strains to promote plant growth with three manners of N supply:co-inoculation with CIAT 899 at low mineral N supply(5.25 mg N mL^-1),low mineral N supply(5.25 mg N mL^-1),and high mineral N supply(52.5 mg N mL^-1).The use of rhizobacteria combined with rhizobia contributed in a synergistic manner to the promotion of growth and the control of damping off in the common bean.Co-inoculation of the strains UFLA 02-281/03-18(Pseudomonas sp.),UFLA 02-286(Bacillus sp.),and UFLA 04-227(Burkholderia fungorum)together with CIAT 899 effectively controlled damping off.For the common bean,mineral N supply can be replaced by the co-inoculation of CIAT 899 with plant growth-promoting strains UFLA 02-281/02-286/02-290/02-293.Nodule endophytes UFLA02-281/02-286 are promising for co-inoculation with CIAT 899 in the common bean,promoting synergy with rhizobial inoculation and protection against disease.  相似文献   

Successful management of suspected acorn (Quercus petraea) toxicity in a dog     

Fernanda Camacho  Sarah Stewart  Erica Tinson 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(6):581

A 7-year-old neutered male Labrador retriever dog was referred to a tertiary care veterinary hospital because of gastrointestinal signs and icterus. The dog developed a hepatopathy and acute kidney injury after ingesting acorns (Quercus petraea) 4 days prior to referral. The dog required hospitalization in an intensive care unit but made a full clinical recovery and was discharged after 6 days. This report documents that dogs can be affected by this toxicity and highlights the need for veterinarians to consider acorns as a potential cause of acute hepatotoxicity and renal injury. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of acorn toxicity in a dog.  相似文献   

Effects of vaccination against brucellosis and clostridia on the intake,performance, feeding behavior,blood parameters,and immune responses of dairy heifers calves     

Hilton C Diniz Neto  Mayara C Lombardi  Mariana M Campos  Andrey P Lage  Rodrigo O S Silva  Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles  Camila Flvia A Lage  Wanessa A Carvalho  Fernanda S Machado  Luiz Gustavo R Pereira  Thierry R Tomich  Carolina P Ramos  Ronnie A Assis  Francisco Carlos F Lobato  Jordana A Santana  Ethiene Luiza S Santos  Rafaella S Andrade  Sandra G Coelho 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)

The aim of this study was to identify possible effects of different vaccination strategies (concomitantly or not) against brucellosis and clostridia on intake, performance, feeding behavior, blood parameters, and immune responses of dairy heifers calves. Fifty heifers calves were enrolled [38 Gyr (Zebu, Bos taurus indicus) and 12 5/8 Holstein Gyr]. At 120 d of age, animals were randomly distributed among 3 groups: B (n = 18), vaccinated against brucellosis; C (n = 14), vaccinated against clostridia and CB (n = 18), vaccinated concomitantly for both. Rectal and thermographic temperatures were evaluated on days 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7,10, 14, and 28 relatives to the vaccination day. Feed and water intake, body weight (BW), and feeding behavior were monitored daily by an electronic feeding system. Blood was sampled on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28, relative to the vaccination day for determination of glucose and -hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations. Blood sampled on day 0 (prevaccination) and on days 28 and 42 were used to evaluate the immune response against Brucella abortus and clostridia. There was an increase in rectal temperature between the first and the third day postvaccination in the 3 groups. The thermography revealed an increase of local temperature for 7 d on groups B and CB. Group C had increased local temperature for a longer period, lasting for up to 14 d. Dry mater intake was reduced for groups B and CB, but no alteration was observed for group C. No alterations regarding initial BW, final BW, average daily weight gain, and feed efficiency were observed. No differences were observed for the 3 vaccination groups for blood parameters throughout the evaluation period. The concomitant vaccination against brucellosis and clostridia led to lower neutralizing antibody titers against epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens and botulinum toxin type C of C. botulinum (C > CB > B). When cellular proliferation assay and serological tests to B. abortus were evaluated, no differences were observed between groups B and CB. The present results indicate that the concomitant vaccination against brucellosis and clostridia has no relevant impact on the intake, performance, and feeding behavior of dairy calves. However, the concomitant vaccination of vaccines against these 2 pathogens impacts animal immunity against clostridial infections.  相似文献