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Three groups of adult, healthy sows were given (i) azaperone 2 mg/kg intramuscularly (im), (ii) azaperone 2 mg/kg with atropine 0.02 mg/kg im, and (iii) azaperone 4 mg/kg im, while a fourth group was given epidural anaesthesia (lignocaine 2% with adrenaline) after premedication with azaperone 2 - 4mg/kg with or without atropine 0.02 mg/kg im. Pulse rate (P) and systolic (SBP), mean (MBP) and diastolic (DBP) arterial blood pressures were measured using an automatic oscillometric method. Systolic (SBP), mean (MBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were reduced to 65–70% of control values in all the first three premedication groups, but there was a marked individual variation; the larger azaperone dose seemed to give a faster decline, and atropine did not prevent the fall. Pulse rate (P) showed a transitory rise in the two groups not given atropine. There were no other significant differences between these three groups. Epidural anaesthesia had no significant additional effect on any of the parameters measured. 相似文献
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N. E. Søli T. Framstad E. Skjerve S. Sohlberg S. A. Ødegaard 《Veterinary research communications》1990,14(5):403-410
Three sulphadiazine/trimethoprim preparations were administered orally during feeding to pigs. Six male and six female pigs were used. Clinically important pharmacokinetic parameters of the two drugs in the three preparations were determined and compared.The plasma concentrations of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim increased rapidly in the pigs followed by a quite rapid decrease from 4 to 12 h after oral administration. The mean values of the absorption half-lives of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim were 0.9–1.6 h and 0.5–0.8 h, respectively. The corresponding values for the elimination half-lives of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim were 3.1–4.3 h and 3.4–6.0 h, respectively. There were no significant differences between the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two compounds in the three preparations with the exception of Tmax for sulphadiazine and t1/2 for trimethoprim. Comparative bioavailability calculations showed no statistically significant differences between sulphadiazine and trimethoprim in the three preparations.The weight increase of the pigs during the experimental period (mean = 37.3–64.9 kg) did not cause differences in the kinetics of the two drugs which could have consequences for the use of the three combined preparations in clinical practice.No unacceptable or antibacterial residues of sulphadiazine or trimethoprim were found in the kidneys of pigs slaughtered at 5, 7 and 10 days after administration. 相似文献
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Systolic, mean and diastolic indirect arterial blood pressures were measured on 8 occasions in 6 sows using a tail cuff and an automatic oscillometry apparatus and compared with direct values. The equations for the regression lines gave the intercepts 31.7 (systole), 20.5 (mean) and 14.2 (diastole) with the regression coefficients 0.97, 0.93 and 0.96 and the correlation coefficients 0.91, 0.93 and 0.95. The significance of cuff bladder width and length and of location and fitting on the tail is discussed. The apparatus offered a simple, reliable method for automatic recording of blood pressures during routine anaesthesia in the sow. 相似文献
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Vatn S Framstad T Torsteinbø WO 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2000,29(2):62-68
Abstract: A study was performed to evaluate blood from young lambs using the Technicon H*1 hematology analyzer, with emphasis on RBC parameters, comparison of tripotassium EDTA and heparin, and the effects of storage on heparinized blood. Blood samples from lambs 2 days to 18 weeks of age were analyzed within 6 hours, revealing a high precision, except for WBC counts in heparinized blood. The HCT values estimated by the H*1 correlated well (r2 = .90) with those obtained by the microhematocrit method. Mean hematologic values obtained for heparinized blood differed by up to 4% from values obtained for blood collected into EDTA. WBC counts decreased 8.4% in heparinized blood stored at 4°C for 1 day, but differences observed in RBC counts were ≤ 2%. Problems occurred when analyzing blood from young lambs with low hemoglobin values because the H*1 incorrectly counted microcytes with volumes of < 10 fL as platelets. When the necessary corrections were performed, the H*1 was useful for analyzing RBC parameters in lamb blood collected both into EDTA and into heparin. 相似文献
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Despite the fact that pig fetuses in late gestation have extensive erythropoiesis, low blood pO2 and low hemoglobin concentrations, piglets are born without detectable concentrations of plasma erythropoietin (Epo). In the present study, we have examined the hypothesis that long-term hypoxic stimuli are less efficient than short-term stimuli in stimulating Epo production in perinatal pigs. From fetuses collected by hysterectomy 5 days before term, new-born piglets and piglets 2 and 5 weeks old, blood in amounts corresponding to 2% of body weight was withdrawn from the jugular vein. Twenty-four hours later the animals were killed and their kidney and liver Epo mRNA analysed by a competitive RT-PCR assay. Plasma Epo concentration was estimated by a solid-phase, two-site sequential chemiluminescent enzyme immunometric assay. We found that in nearly fully developed fetuses and in new-born piglets, the concentration of Epo mRNA did not increase upon bleeding. This is in contrast to earlier findings in sheep. In 2- and 5-week-old piglets, bleeding was associated with a 12–15-fold increase in kidney Epo mRNA. In the 2- and 5-week-old piglets, bleeding evoked increased translation of Epo mRNA into the protein hormone. Also in new-born piglets, increased plasma levels of Epo accompanied bleeding, whereas significant changes in gene Epo expression were not observed. 相似文献
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Thea Blystad Klem Elisabeth Bleken Hanne Morberg Stein Istre Thoresen Tore Framstad 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(2):221-226
Background: Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals depend on many factors, including environment and age. Reference intervals for Norwegian grower pigs are lacking, and previously published reference intervals for similar pigs from other countries are now outdated due to significant changes in management and breeding on the pig farms. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine updated reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical analytes in healthy crossbred grower pigs, and to compare the results among 3 different farms. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 104 clinically healthy pigs of the most common Norwegian crossbreed (Landrace Yorkshire sow × Landrace Duroc boar). The pigs were 12–16 weeks old, weighed 30–50 kg, of both sexes, and lived on 3 farms in eastern Norway. Automated hematologic and biochemical analysis were performed using ADVIA 2120 and ADVIA 1650 analyzers. Results: Five samples were excluded because of hemolysis (1) or outliers (4). Reference intervals were calculated using parametric or nonparametric methods, depending on data distribution. Mean, median, minimum, and maximum values were tabulated. Conclusions: The reference intervals calculated in this study will be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease in this widespread crossbreed pig. Compared with previously published reference values, reference intervals for total WBC count, creatine kinase and alanine aminotransferase activities, and albumin, bilirubin, and urea concentrations in this study differed notably. 相似文献
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Hanne Eik Pilskog Tone Birkemoe Erik Framstad Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2016,16(1)
One of the largest threats to biodiversity is land use change and habitat loss. Hollow oaks (Quercus spp. L.) are well-defined patches that are hotspots for biodiversity and red-listed species, but they are often rare and fragmented in the landscape. We investigated the effect of patch size, habitat quality, and isolation on functional groups and red-listed saproxylic beetles in hollow oaks (n = 40) in Norway. The groups were defined by host tree association, trophic grouping, and red-listed status. Habitat quality, represented by tree form was most important in explaining species richness for most groups. Patch size, represented by circumference and amount of dead branches, was most important in explaining abundance. Isolation, that is single oaks compared with oaks in groups, had a negative effect on the abundance of beetles feeding both on wood and fungi (xylomycethopagous), as well as on species associated with broadleaved trees (oak semi-specialists), but did not affect species richness. This indicates that at this scale and in this landscape, isolated oaks are as species rich and valuable for conservation as other oaks, although some functional groups may be more vulnerable to isolation than others. The red-listed species only responded to patch size, indicating that oaks with large circumference and many dead branches are especially important for red-listed species and for conservation. 相似文献
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Improving survival is a continuous objective in swine breeding. The aim of this study was to record 22 blood variables and BW gain on the first day of life in Landrace-Yorkshire-Duroc crossbred piglets and to find associations between these variables and survival at weaning. All live piglets from 18 litters were weighed and blood sampled at birth and on d 1 and were monitored to weaning at the age of 5 wk. A total of 261 piglets were born, of which 8.8% were stillborn. Additionally, 15.1% died before weaning. The blood variables glucose, immunoglobulins, and white blood cells increased from birth to d 1 (P < 0.001), whereas α(1)- and β(1)-globulin, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit decreased (P < 0.001). At birth, concentrations of lactate (P = 0.004), pH (P = 0.007), red blood cells (P = 0.017), hemoglobin (P = 0.018), and hematocrit (P = 0.052) were associated with survival to weaning. Also, concentrations of lactate increased (P = 0.030) and pH decreased (P < 0.001) when piglets were born in the last third of a litter. On d 1, concentrations of glucose (P = 0.015), hemoglobin (P = 0.025), and BW gain (P = 0.001) were all decreased in piglets that did not survive to weaning. Body weight gain also decreased (P = 0.005) when piglets were born in the last third of a litter. Concentrations of IgG on d 1 was not associated with survival at weaning (P = 0.230) but decreased (P < 0.001) when piglets were born in the last third of a litter. We conclude that several blood variables recorded at birth and on d 1 and BW gain on d 1 were highly associated with survival at weaning and that piglets born in the last third of the litter had less favorable vitality. 相似文献