测定谷物含水率的声学方法     

Frie.  TL 《农机质量与监督》1989,(4):11-14

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In vitro activity of danofloxacin, tylosin and oxytetracycline against mycoplasmas of veterinary importance     

A.C. Cooper  J.R. Fuller  M.K. Fuller  P. Whittlestone  D.R. Wise 《Research in veterinary science》1993,54(3):329

The activities of danofloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, and two other antimicrobials were determined in vitro against field isolates of seven Mycoplasma species of veterinary importance isolated from cattle, swine and poultry in five European countries. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of danofloxacin, tylosin and oxytetracycline were determined against a total of 68 isolates. Danofloxacin showed excellent activity against isolates of all Mycoplasma species (range 0·008 to 0·5 μg ml⁻¹), but in some isolates there was evidence of reduced sensitivity to tylosin (range 0·008 to 2·0 μg ml⁻¹) and oxytetracycline (range 0·008 to over 16·0 μg ml⁻¹). Danofloxacin was more active than other antimicrobials against, M hyopneumoniae, M dispar and M bovigenitalium, and showed activity similar to that of tylosin against M bovis and M gallisepticum. Tylosin was the most active against M synoviae and M hyosynoviae. Generally, oxytetracycline showed the poorest activity, but was superior to tylosin against M bovigenitalium. A second (final) MIC reading was taken for all isolates 14 or 21 days after the initial reading, and MIC values rose during that time. However, the increase seen in danofloxacin values (typically one to two dilutions) was less than that seen for tylosin and oxytetracycline. It is concluded that danofloxacin is highly active in vitro against all of the Mycoplasma species tested, and thus shows great potential for the treatment of respiratory and other infections caused by Mycoplasma species in cattle, pigs and poultry.  相似文献   

The activities of amylase and a trypsin‐like protease in the gut contents of germ‐free and conventional chickens     

Sally M. Philips  R. Fuller 《British poultry science》1983,24(1):115-121

1. Proteolytic and amylase activities were assayed in the gut contents of germ‐free and conventional chickens aged 3 and 14 d.

2. The tendency was for the proteolytic activity to be increased and the amylase activity to be decreased in conventional chicks. These differences were statistically significant in the caecum.

3. All of the additional proteolytic activity detectable in the caecum of conventional chicks was inhibited by soyabean trypsin inhibitor. However, the increased activity was not detectable in the small intestine and was, therefore, not due to pancreatic trypsin.

4. Attempts to demonstrate in vitro bacterial production of a trypsin‐like enzyme were unsuccessful.  相似文献   

Nalbuphine and butorphanol reverse opioid‐induced respiratory depression but increase arousal in etorphine‐immobilized goats (Capra hircus)          下载免费PDF全文

Anna J Haw  Leith CR Meyer  Andrea Fuller 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(5):539-548

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Forest fragmentation in Loudoun County,Virginia, USA evaluated with multitemporal Landsat imagery   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fuller  Douglas O. 《Landscape Ecology》2001,16(7):627-642

In order to study forest fragmentation in the Virginia, USA Piedmont, a series of Landsat images from 1973, 1987, and 1999 covering a rapidly developing area (Loudoun County) was used to classify forest from non-forest. The classified images were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of fragmentation, and to relate these patterns to infrared radiance provided by Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) band 6. The analysis was concentrated on eleven major watersheds of Loudoun County. The relationship between urbanized area per watershed and mean fragment size showed a strong negative decay form (r ²=0.757, p<0.0001). Analysis of four landscape metrics showed increasing fragmentation of forest cover, particularly from 1987 to 1999, as well as an increase in forest edge and shape complexity. Of the landscape metrics used, the perimeter-to-area (P/A) ratio showed the strongest relationship with mean radiance of forest patches. In addition, there was a negative, linear relationship between distance from major roads and band 6 radiance of forested pixels. Overall, the study shows that landscape metrics can convey meaningful information on biophysical changes associated with forest fragmentation at broad scales. These changes suggest that ambient temperature increases associated with urban sprawl may have important, long-term implications for ecophysiological processes.  相似文献   

Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of calcium pentosan polysulphate achieved in the horse following intramuscular injection     

Fuller CJ  Ghosh P  Barr AR 《Equine veterinary journal》2002,34(1):61-64

Results from in vitro studies have indicated that calcium pentosan polysulphate (CaPPS) may be of therapeutic value in osteoarthritis (OA) in the horse. However, no controlled clinical trials using this drug in equine OA have yet been reported. If CaPPS is to be developed for such use, the relationship between the proposed i.m. dose of CaPPS to be used and the concentrations of drug attained in plasma and synovial fluid of the target joint should first be established. An investigation was undertaken to determine these concentrations after a single 2 mg/kg i.m. injection of CaPPS. Blood and synovial fluid samples were taken from 6 healthy, sound horses following i.m. CaPPS administration. Concentrations of CaPPS measured in the synovial fluid were, on the basis of published studies, sufficient to elicit a potential therapeutic effect on synoviocyte metabolism, and possibly also to stimulate proteoglycan synthesis and reduce matrix metalloproteinase activities in articular cartilage. It would therefore seem justified to investigate further the therapeutic effect of CaPPS in OA in the horse.  相似文献   

In vitro effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on cell-mediated immunity in fish     

Siwicki AK  Fuller JC  Nissen S  Ostaszewski P  Studnicka M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2000,76(3-4):191-197

beta-Hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate(HMB) has been shown to counteract many of the negative effects of intensive animal production methods and results in increased growth and protection against diseases. In the present study, the effect of HMB on the immunocompetence cell activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) was examined. Pronephric phagocytes and lymphocytes were isolated from the fish and grown in culture medium (RPMI-1640) containing either 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 or 100 microg HMB/ml of medium. The effects of HMB on the respiratory burst activity (RBA) stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), the potential killing activity (PKA) and lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by either concanavalin A (Con-A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined. The addition of HMB to the culture medium increased the RBA by up to 84% (p<0.01) over that of cells grown without HMB. Similarly, the PKA of the phagocytes was also increased with HMB addition to the medium by up to 140% (p<0.01) over that of cells grown without HMB. Lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by both ConA and LPS was also increased approximately two-fold (p<0.01) when HMB was added to the culture medium at concentrations between 10 and 100 microg HMB/ml in both rainbow trout and carp. The greatest effects of HMB on RBA and PKA activities were observed at a concentration >50 microg HMB/ml while lymphocyte proliferation was maximally stimulated at 25 microg HMB/ml. In conclusion, the current study shows that HMB could potentially improve immunocompetence cell activity in fish through increased cell proliferation and functionality.  相似文献   

Effect of feeding fermentable fiber on synthesis of total and mucosal protein in the intestine of the growing pig   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.J. Libao-Mercado  C.L. Zhu  M.F. Fuller  M. Rademacher  B. Sve  C.F.M. de Lange 《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):125-128

In a previous study, a reduced efficiency of ileal digestible threonine (THR) use for body protein deposition was observed in growing pigs when pectin was included in the diet. This response was not due to increased physical endogenous ileal THR loss. Our aim was to explore the contribution of diet-induced increases in protein synthesis in the colon, especially mucins, to dietary THR requirements. Twelve barrows (21 kg mean BW) were fed either a cornstarch–soybean meal-based diet (Control) or Control with 12% pectin (Pectin). Pigs were given intravenously 1.5 mmol/kg BW of L-1-¹³C valine (40 mol%) to measure fractional and absolute synthesis rates (FSR, ASR, respectively) of mucosal and whole intestinal protein in the jejunum and colon. Dietary pectin inclusion increased plasma levels of glucose, isoleucine and glutamine (P < 0.05) but had no effect on insulin or urea nitrogen (P > 0.10). There were no differences in FSR and ASR of whole intestinal protein in jejunum and colon (P > 0.10). The FSR of mucosal proteins in colon, not in jejunum, was increased with dietary pectin supplementation (P < 0.05). Assuming mucosal protein mass is constant, these results imply that the higher protein synthesis in colon mucosa contributes to the reduced THR efficiency observed in pectin-supplemented diet.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of normal and immunosuppressed pigs with Pseudomonas pseudomallei   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

AD THOMAS  JC FORBES-FAULKNER  TL D''ARCY  JH NORTON  D HOFFMANN 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(2):43-46

A single dose of 5 x 10(8) bacilli of Pseudomonas pseudomallei by intratracheal injection resulted in acute (21 cases) or chronic (19 cases) melioidosis in 40 of 48 pigs. Fifteen (10 acute and 5 chronic) had been immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide before inoculation. The major clinical signs were initial fever, marked neutrophilia and, in the acute cases, respiratory distress. There were no signs of the nasal and ocular discharge, paresis or diarrhoea seen in acute cases in south-east Asia. The cyclophosphamide treatment caused a significant decrease in the neutrophil count by 7 d after inoculation in all 15 immunosuppressed pigs, and all were culture positive at necropsy. Eight of the 33 non-treated pigs were culture negative at necropsy. Pigs overcoming the initial phase of infection had more abscess-like nodules that were bacteriologically sterile at necropsy than the pigs with acute cases of melioidosis. P. pseudomallei was isolated predominantly from the spleen, lungs and the injection site. Although only one strain was used in this study, it is likely that Australian strains of P. pseudomallei are not as virulent as the south-east Asian isolates.  相似文献   

Putative human and avian risk factors for avian influenza virus infections in backyard poultry in Egypt     

Basma M. Sheta  Trevon L. Fuller  Brenda Larison  Kevin Y. Njabo  Ahmed Samy Ahmed  Ryan Harrigan  Anthony Chasar  Soad Abdel Aziz  Abdel-Aziz A. Khidr  Mohamed M. Elbokl  Lotfy Z. Habbak  Thomas B. Smith 《Veterinary microbiology》2014

Highly pathogenic influenza A virus subtype H5N1 causes significant poultry mortality in the six countries where it is endemic and can also infect humans. Egypt has reported the third highest number of poultry outbreaks (n = 1084) globally. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify putative risk factors for H5N1 infections in backyard poultry in 16 villages in Damietta, El Gharbia, Fayoum, and Menofia governorates from 2010–2012. Cloacal and tracheal swabs and serum samples from domestic (n = 1242) and wild birds (n = 807) were tested for H5N1 via RT-PCR and hemagglutination inhibition, respectively. We measured poultry rearing practices with questionnaires (n = 306 households) and contact rates among domestic and wild bird species with scan sampling. Domestic birds (chickens, ducks, and geese, n = 51) in three governorates tested positive for H5N1 by PCR or serology. A regression model identified a significant correlation between H5N1 in poultry and the practice of disposing of dead poultry and poultry feces in the garbage (F = 15.7, p < 0.0001). In addition, contact between domestic and wild birds was more frequent in villages where we detected H5N1 in backyard flocks (F = 29.5, p < 0.0001).  相似文献