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In Japanese mountains, increased post-glacial rainfall triggered gullying in bedrock and thousands of shallow failures in regolith, resulting in widespread hillslope incision. To identify factors influencing the areal extent of the post-glacial incision, fifteen rugged river basins in central and northeast Japan were surveyed. Topographical and geological properties of hillslopes were measured on geomorphological maps, digital elevation data, and geological maps. Analyses of ca. 3,000 0.5 × 0.5 km morphometric samples have shown that the magnitude of regolith failure depends mainly on slope inclination and geology, and subordinately on local storm intensity. The magnitude of bedrock gullying also depends on these three factors, but with greater dominance of storm intensity. These observations reflect the differential stability of hillslopes with varying inclination, erodibility of bedrock, and sensitivity of regolith and bedrock to change in storm intensity. The three factors also exert control on alluvial-fan development in the lower reaches, because they affect the amount of hillslope sediment supply and in turn the type of fluvial processes. 相似文献
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We performed a comparative experiment to investigate: (1) how the ubiquitous soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis weathers granite; and (2) which granite-forming minerals weather more rapidly via biological processes. Batch system experiments (granite specimen in a 500 ml solution including NaCl, glucose, yeast extract and bacteria B. subtilis at 27 °C) were carried out for 30 days. Granite surfaces were observed by SEM before and after the experiment. B. subtilis had a strong influence on granite weathering by forming pits. There were 2.4 times as many pits and micropores were 2.3 times wider in granite exposed to B. subtilis when compared with bacteria-free samples. B. subtilis appear to preferentially select an optimum place to adhere to the mineral and dissolve essential elements from the mineral to live. Plagioclase was more vulnerable to bacterial weathering than biotite among the granite composing minerals. 相似文献
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To examine the rate of chemical weathering, field experiments using microweight-loss techniques were carried out. Two kinds of porous rhyolite forming lava domes in Kozu-shima Island were selected: (1) a younger rock (weathering period is 2.6 ka) and (2) an older rock (20 ka). Both rocks seem to have been very similar in their initial composition and structure. They have, however, different properties in the present depending on the difference in weathering period. Rock tablets of these rhyolites with a diameter of 3.5 cm and a thickness of about 1 cm were enclosed in a nylon mesh bag and placed in a soil–bedrock interface on a hillslope of central Japan for over 5 years. The younger rock has a lower weight loss by about 0.5%, and the older rock has a higher weight loss of 3% to 5%. These results show that older rock has a higher rate of chemical weathering than in younger rock. This supports Oguchi et al.'s (Oguchi, T.C., Hatta, T., Matsukura, Y., 1994. Changes in rock properties of porous rhyolite through 40,000 years in Kozu-shima Island, Japan. Geogr. Rev. Jpn. 67A, 775–793 (in Japanese, with English Abstr.); Oguchi, T.C., Hatta, T., Matsukura, Y., 1999. Weathering rates over 40,000 years based on changes in rock properties of porous rhyolite. Phys. Chem. Earth (A) 24, 861–870.) finding that the rate of change in chemical properties appears to accelerate with weathering time. 相似文献
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Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for simultaneous detection of eight events of genetically modified maize 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Onishi M Matsuoka T Kodama T Kashiwaba K Futo S Akiyama H Maitani T Furui S Oguchi T Hino A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(25):9713-9721
In this study, we developed a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for simultaneous detection of up to eight events of genetically modified (GM) maize within a single reaction. The eight detection primer pairs designed to be construct specific for eight respective GM events (i.e., Bt11, Event176, GA21, MON810, MON863, NK603, T25, and TC1507) and a primer pair for an endogenous reference gene, ssIIb, were included in the nonaplex(9plex) PCR system, and its amplified products could be distinguished by agarose gel and capillary electrophoreses based on their different lengths. The optimal condition enabled us to reliably amplify two fragments corresponding to a construct specific sequence and a taxon specific ssIIb in each of the eight events of GM maize and all of nine fragments in a simulated GM mixture containing as little as 0.25% (w/w) each of eight events of GM maize. These results indicate that this multiplex PCR method could be an effective qualitative detection method for screening GM maize. 相似文献
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Hiroshi Kamitakahara Fusako Nishigaki Yuji Mikawa Michiko Hori Shigetomo Tsujihata Takashi Fujii Fumiaki Nakatsubo 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(3):204-209
Chemically synthesized (1 5)--d-glucofuranan, (1 5)--d-galactofuranan, (1 5)--d-xylofuranan, (1 5)--L-arabinofuranan, natural xylan, and curdlan were sulfated to investigate their inhibitory activities on B16-BL6 lung metastasis and anticoagulant activities. (1 5)--d-Glucofuranan sulfate, (1 5)--d-galactofuranan sulfate, xylan sulfate, and curdlan sulfate had binding abilities with B16-BL6 melanoma lysate. The inhibitory activities of sulfated polysaccharides on B16-BL6 lung metastasis selected by heparin binding assay were in the order (1 5)--d-galactofuranan sulfate > (1 5)---d-glucofuranan sulfate > xylan sulfate curdlan sulfate. Furthermore, (1 5)--d-galactofuranan sulfate, (1 5)--d-glucofuranan sulfate, and xylan sulfate had not only high inhibitory activity on B16-BL6 lung metastasis but also low anticoagulant activity. The correlation between chemical structure and biological activity is discussed.Part of this paper was presented at the 10th International Synposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Yokohama, Japan, June 1999 相似文献
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Y Oguchi H Matsumoto Y Masuda H Takashima K Takashima Y Yamane 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(9):1067-1069
Balloon dilation was performed on a dog with tetralogy of Fallot. Immediately following balloon dilation, the peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve declined from 97 to 63 mmHg. Doppler echocardiography following balloon dilation revealed increased pulmonary blood flow. Clinical symptoms obviously improved and the dog's improved condition was maintained for 4 months. There were no serious complications in performing the procedure. It was concluded that balloon dilation was a safe and effective treatment for a dog case with tetralogy of Fallot. Long-term follow-up studies will be required to identify the exact indications of balloon dilation for tetralogy of Fallot. 相似文献
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Individual detection of genetically modified maize varieties in non-identity-preserved maize samples
Akiyama H Sakata K Kondo K Tanaka A Liu MS Oguchi T Furui S Kitta K Hino A Teshima R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(6):1977-1983
In many countries, the labeling of grains and feed- and foodstuffs is mandatory if the genetically modified organism (GMO) content exceeds a certain level of approved GM varieties. The GMO content in a maize sample containing the combined-trait (stacked) GM maize as determined by the currently available methodology is likely to be overestimated. However, there has been little information in the literature on the mixing level and varieties of stacked GM maize in real sample grains. For the first time, the GMO content of non-identity-preserved (non-IP) maize samples imported from the United States has been successfully determined by using a previously developed individual kernel detection system coupled to a multiplex qualitative PCR method followed by multichannel capillary gel electrophoresis system analysis. To clarify the GMO content in the maize samples imported from the United States, determine how many stacked GM traits are contained therein, and which GM trait varieties frequently appeared in 2005, the GMO content (percent) on a kernel basis and the varieties of the GM kernels in the non-IP maize samples imported from the United States were investigated using the individual kernel analysis system. The average (+/-standard deviation) of the GMO contents on a kernel basis in five non-IP sample lots was determined to be 51.0+/-21.6%, the percentage of a single GM trait grains was 39%, and the percentage of the stacked GM trait grains was 12%. The MON810 grains and NK603 grains were the most frequent varieties in the single GM traits. The most frequent stacked GM traits were the MON810xNK603 grains. In addition, the present study would provide the answer and impact for the quantification of GM maize content in the GM maize kernels on labeling regulation. 相似文献
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