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Gebremeskel Destaalem Birhane Emiru Rannestad Meley Mekonen Gebre Semae Tesfay Girmay 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(7):1275-1293
Agroforestry Systems - Agroforestry plays a significant role in climate change mitigation through improved sequestration and storage of carbon in farmlands. However, quantitative information on... 相似文献
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Gina Cannarozzi Solomon Chanyalew Kebebew Assefa Abate Bekele Regula Blösch Annett Weichert Dominik Klauser Sonia Plaza-Wüthrich Korinna Esfeld Moritz Jöst Abiel Rindisbacher Habte Jifar Victoria Johnson-Chadwick Ermias Abate Wuyan Wang Rizqah Kamies Negussu Husein Worku Kebede Kidist Tolosa Yazachew Genet Kidu Gebremeskel Brikti Ferede Firew Mekbib Federico Martinelli Hans Christian Pedersen Suhail Rafudeen Shimelis Hussein Muluneh Tamiru Naomi Nakayama Mike Robinson Ian Barker Samuel Zeeman Zerihun Tadele 《Euphytica》2018,214(2):31
Indigenous crops also known as orphan crops are key contributors to food security, which is becoming increasingly vulnerable with the current trend of population growth and climate change. They have the major advantage that they fit well into the general socio-economic and ecological context of developing world agriculture. However, most indigenous crops did not benefit from the Green Revolution, which dramatically increased the yield of major crops such as wheat and rice. Here, we describe the Tef Improvement Project, which employs both conventional- and molecular-breeding techniques to improve tef—an orphan crop important to the food security in the Horn of Africa, a region of the world with recurring devastating famines. We have established an efficient pipeline to bring improved tef lines from the laboratory to the farmers of Ethiopia. Of critical importance to the long-term success of this project is the cooperation among participants in Ethiopia and Switzerland, including donors, policy makers, research institutions, and farmers. Together, European and African scientists have developed a pipeline using breeding and genomic tools to improve the orphan crop tef and bring new cultivars to the farmers in Ethiopia. We highlight a new variety, Tesfa, developed in this pipeline and possessing a novel and desirable combination of traits. Tesfa’s recent approval for release illustrates the success of the project and marks a milestone as it is the first variety (of many in the pipeline) to be released. 相似文献
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Gebremeskel Eshetu Kebede Chun Woo Lee Subong Park Mun Kwan Kim 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(6):939-952
We investigated the underwater shapes of trolling lines for the improvement of hairtail fishing efficiency. Two sets of experiments were carried out, one on a small scale, where flume tank tests of four models were scaled down by a ratio of 1:10 and trolled at different speeds, and another at full scale, comprising a survey on board a commercial fleet. In situ trials were conducted off the coast of Jeju Island, South Korea, at 33°27′57.528″N, 126°55′48.846″E, a potential fishing ground for hairtail fishing. The full-scale gear was set by altering sinker weights whilst changing the length of the warp line at different towing speeds. A dynamic method using a mass-spring technique and full-scale gear was developed. External and internal forces that govern the motion of the gear were considered. A non-linear differential equation of motion was developed, solved by a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method at a time step of 5?×?10?4 s for each trial. A static method was also developed using full-scale gear to predict the equilibrium gear configuration under all fishing conditions. The dynamic method better predicts the actual underwater performance of trolling line gear in real time. 相似文献
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G. Corral‐Nuñez D. Opazo‐Salazar G. GebreSamuel P. Tittonell A. Gebretsadik Y. Gebremeskel G. Tesfay C. L. van Beek 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(4):487-495
Soil degradation resulting from permanent and high pressure on natural resources is a threat for the present and future of agricultural production in Ethiopia. Mono‐cropping, cultivation on steep slopes, use of cattle manure and crop residues as an energy source for cooking are common practices that have led to declining soil organic matter (SOM) contents. The objective of this research was to evaluate the current status of SOM in farmlands and exclosures (areas protected from grazing to allow their natural restoration) in Northern Ethiopia and to explore the long‐term effects of current agricultural practices and an improved scenario on SOM. At present, the SOM content of farmland soils is small, ranging from 2.1% to 2.9%, while exclosures showed a significant recovery after 20 yr of protection, with SOM contents ranging from 2.6% to 5.6%. However, the level of SOM in farmland soils is envisaged to decline given current agricultural practices, that is removal of crop residues and use of manure as an energy source for cooking. We found that applying manure alone appeared to be insufficient to revert this trend, due to limited availability and its alternative uses. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach including improved manure and compost management needs to be supplemented with energy saving techniques, as fuel use is currently the largest competing claim for organic matter in the area. 相似文献
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在室内26℃下，以小菜蛾作寄主，研究了颈双缘姬蜂和菜蛾啮小蜂间的寄主资源竞争，结果表明，颈双缘姬蜂攻击对2、4龄幼虫期已被菜蛾啮小蜂产卵寄生的小菜蛾肾，将其产卵器插入，但不会将卵产在已被寄生的蛹中，产卵器停留在已被寄生蛹内的时间，明显短于未被寄生蛹内的，对已被寄生的寄主蛹的攻击又随寄主蛹体内啮小蜂年龄的增加而下降。颈双缘姬蜂产卵器的插入对小菜蛾蛹内菜蛾啮小蜂的存活率没有影响，当存在被啮小蜂寄生的小菜蛾蛹时，颈双缘姬蜂对小菜蛾蛹的寄生率下降，但不会影响颈双缘姬蜂后代的雌性比。两种蜂的合计寄生率，较只有一种蜂存在时要高。 相似文献
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Messele Yohannes Equar Abdi Reta Duguma Tegegne Desiye Tesfaye Bora Shelema Kelbesa Babura Mosisa Dire Emeru Bezina Arega Werid Gebremeskel Mamu 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):661-667
Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy cows throughout the world and is responsible for significant economic losses to the dairy industry. This study was performed to characterize the genetic basis of drug resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from cases of clinical and sub-clinical bovine mastitis. A total of 224 California mastitis test (CMT)-positive milk samples were collected from December 2015 to April 2016 to characterize the phenotypic and genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from raw milk from dairy farms found in Burayu, Sebeta, and Holeta areas of Ethiopia. The prevalence of E. coli was 7.1% (16) and both phenotypic and molecular techniques were used to identify E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility trait. The most commonly observed phenotypic resistance was against ampicillin (68.7%), sulphamethazole-trimethoprim (50%), and streptomycin (25%). Multidrug resistance phenotypes were found in 11 of 16 (68.7%) of E. coli isolates. Tetracycline (tet (A)) and chloramphenicol (cml (A)) genes were the most predominant encoding resistance genes identified (50%) each, followed by gentamycin resistance encoding gene (aac (3)-IV) (37.5%). Overall, 11 (68.7%) of the isolates had multidrug resistance genes responsible to two or more classes of antibiotics. The most common pattern detected was cml (A) and tet (A) together 37.5% followed by aac (3)-IV and tet (A) 25%. The current study indicated that raw milk could be regarded as critical source of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli.
相似文献8.
Iwasa Naoki Takashima Satoshi Iwasa Tatsuo Kumazawa Rie Nomura Saki Asami Sara Shimizu Mamu Kobatake Yui Nishii Naohito 《Veterinary research communications》2022,46(1):183-188
Veterinary Research Communications - This study investigated the effects of age, sex and breed on serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and creatinine in small breed dogs. This retrospective study included 250... 相似文献
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Kassa Gebremeskel Kassa Teka Emiru Birhane 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(8):667-673
ABSTRACTIntegrated watershed management (IWSM) technologies have been implemented around the world, including in the northern highlands of Ethiopia during the last few decades. However, their role in improving soil-health along different geological formations is not well studied. This study was, thus, aimed at quantifying the impact of IWSM on soil-health under dolerite and sandstone geological formations. Twelve soil samples were taken from two watersheds with IWSM and another 12 soil samples from two watersheds without IWSM at 30?cm soil depth. Physical, chemical, and biological properties of these soil samples were then analysed in a laboratory. Soil moisture content, Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus (Pav) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore density of soils were significantly high in watersheds with IWSM as compared to watersheds without IWSM. Although insignificant, total porosity, cation exchange capacity, Exchangeable bases and micronutrients also had higher mean value on watersheds with IWSM practices than watersheds without. Thus, this study reviled that an introduction of these IWSM practices has a positive impact in improving soil-health. Moreover, IWSM practices implemented on dolerite geological formation showed a higher impact on soil-health as compared to management practices implemented on sandstone geological formation. 相似文献
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