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Mohammad Mijanur Rahman Khairiyah Mat Genki Ishigaki Ryo Akashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13594
Year by year, huge quantities of by-products are generated during the manufacturing process of soybean-based products. Okara is one of the by-products, and it is an insoluble portion of the soybean. It consists of high moisture (8.4–22.9%); on dry matter basis, it contains high metabolizable energy (9.0–14.2 MJ/kg) and other components that include crude protein (20.9–39.1%), crude fiber (12.2–61.3%), crude fat (4.9–21.5%), and ash (3.4–5.3%). Fermentation of okara improves its nutritional quality and reduces its anti-nutrient contents. Due to animals' palatability, okara can be used to replace the soybean meal/concentrate feed partially or completely in ruminant's diet and partially in nonruminant's diet. Okara feeding does not depress the intake, digestibility, growth, milk production, blood metabolic profiles, and meat quality of animals. However, this by-product decays quickly due to its high moisture content, and its heavy weight and sticky nature make it difficult to process and expensive to dry using conventional methods. This paper thoroughly summarizes the utilization of okara as animal feed in the cause of developing a general guideline with favorable levels of inclusion in the diets of animals for its exploitation and valorization. This review will encourage further research to develop eco-friendly and value added feed for animals. 相似文献
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Sakai K Sakabe G Tani O Nakamura M Takehara K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(6):627-629
Three ostriches (Struthio camelus) were immunized with commercially available live and killed Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines for chickens and the antibody responses to the ND vaccines were evaluated by a virus-neutralization (VN) test. Primary vaccination with the live vaccine, B1, by eye drop was followed with two shots of alum-precipitated killed vaccine via subcutaneous injection in the neck. As a final booster, another live vaccine, Clone 30, was used by eye drop. A VN antibody titer, more than 1:10 was observed for 6 months. This is the first report on the use of a live vaccine by eye drop as a booster in ostriches as well as evaluating responses to ND vaccines using the VN test in this avian species. 相似文献
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Rahman Mohammad Mijanur Abdullah Ramli Bin Mat Khairiyah Binti Ishigaki Genki Nor Maryana Mohamad Akashi Ryo 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(6):3085-3090
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with soya waste at different levels on intake, digestibility and growth in goats. Eighteen male goat kids with initial body weight (BW) of 13.0 kg were distributed equally to three dietary groups. They were fed Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and concentrate mixture, and each goat was assigned to an individual pen. Soybean meal in the concentrate mixture was replaced with soya waste at 0% (T1), 50% (T2) and 100% (T3) levels in respective dietary groups. These diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Results showed that animals fed T3 diet exhibited higher Napier grass intake than those fed T1 or T2 diet. There was no influence on total intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), metabolic BW, per cent BW and metabolisable energy by the dietary groups. However, there was an increasing trend on intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) with increasing levels of soya waste in the diets. Animals fed T3 diet showed higher intake and digestibility of NDF than those fed T1 diet. There was no influence of the dietary groups on digestibilities of DM, OM and CP. Similarly, there was no effect of them on the final BW, total BW gain, daily BW gain, feed conversion ratio and feed cost. Soya waste can replace 100% soybean meal in diets for growing goats, because no change was observed in nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance; inclusion of soya waste enhanced the intake and digestibility of NDF.
相似文献5.
Hajime Shiota Atsushi Matsuzawa Keita Kurokawa Genki Sugimoto Mitsuaki Yonezawa Ichiro Tanaka Hiroshi Kamada 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Carrot (Daucus carota) somatic embryogenesis has been extensively used as an experimental system for studying embryogenesis. In several plant species, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes are reported as the embryogenesis-related genes that are specifically expressed in embryonic tissues. Several LEA genes have been isolated for carrot somatic embryogenesis. The carrot LEA genes DC8 and ECP63 have very similar nucleotide sequences, and the gene pair is likely to be a nucleotide polymorphism. In several carrot cultivars, plants in which only DC8 was detected (DD genotype), only ECP63 was detected (EE genotype), and both DC8 and ECP63 were detected (DE genotype) have been observed via genomic PCR. Furthermore, distinct frequencies of the genotypes were observed in some carrot cultivars. These results suggested that detection of the nucleotide polymorphism might be useful in defining carrot cultivars. In addition, DC8 and ECP63, which include 14 amino acid insertions/deletions and 21 amino acid substitutions, may have similar effects on somatic embryogenesis, as all genotypes (DD, DE, and EE) were detected in some embryogenic cell lines. Therefore, the nucleotide polymorphism may be a useful candidate polymorphic marker that is easily detectable by PCR. 相似文献
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Sakai K Yada K Sakabe G Tani O Miyaji K Nakamura M Takehara K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(5):491-494
Serum samples from 191 ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Japan were tested for antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV). Twenty-two (12%) contained NDV-specific neutralizing antibodies by a virus-neutralization (VN) test without vaccination. Antibodies to AIV were not detected in the any sera by an agar gel precipitation test. Seven serum samples that had vaccinated with live NDV by eye drop were all positive by the VN test at 1 month post vaccination. A haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for NDV seemed not to be suitable for ostriches because of non-specific agglutination of chicken red blood cells. No haemagglutinating viruses were isolated. This is the first report on detection of antibodies against NDV in ostriches in Japan. 相似文献
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Tin NGWE Yoko NUKUI Shinya OYAIZU Genki TAKAMOTO Satoshi KOIKE Koichiro UEDA Hiroki NAKATSUJI Seiji KONDO Yasuo KOBAYASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(1):43-49
This study evaluated the suitability of easily digested fiber sources as a supplemental fiber to improve overall fiber digestion in ruminants. First, the degradation of five fibrous feedstuffs and the stimulatory effects on rumen bacteria were examined in situ. Chickpea and lablab bean husks were selected for their potential use due to their large degradable fraction (> 94%), which had a stimulatory effect on fibrolytic rumen bacteria such as Fibrobacter succinogenes. Second, a possible improvement in the digestibility of rice straw diet by husk supplementation was monitored in vivo. Four dietary treatments comprising RS (rice straw and concentrate), CHM (RS supplemented with Myanmar chickpea husk), CHE (RS with Egyptian chickpea husk) and LH (RS with lablab bean husk) were allocated to four wethers. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was 3.1–5.5% greater in CHM and LH than RS. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher in LH than other treatments. Acetate proportion was higher in LH than RS. Ruminal abundance of F. succinogenes was 1.3–1.5 times greater in CHM and LH than RS. These results suggest that bean husk supplementation, especially lablab bean husk, might improve the nutritive value of rice straw diet by stimulating fibrolytic bacteria. 相似文献
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We examined the response of adzuki bean leaves to infection by Phytophthora vignae f. sp. adzukicola and determined whether inoculated leaves can be used to evaluate cultivar resistance. Detached adzuki bean leaves were inoculated
with zoospores, and the resulting symptoms were diagnosed. Resistant reactions were characterized by dark brown, speckled
lesions or a lack of symptoms, while susceptible reactions were characterized by water-soaked spreading lesions. In an inoculation
experiment using a combination of three differential cultivars and three races, the response of 10-day-old primary leaves
accurately differentiate between race-specific resistance and susceptibility of adzuki cultivars. 相似文献
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Molecular-weight distribution and characterization of tea tannin were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the equivalent preparative exclusion gel chromatography using Sephadex G-25. The characteristics of the fractions were studied regarding the amounts of terminal catechin, sugar, and gallic acid, the color reaction of the Folin-Chiocalteu reagent, the UV absorbance, and the inhibition activity for the trypsin-caseinolytic activity per weight. Furthermore, we investigated the intercepting activities of the inhibition by the amino acids, peptides, their analogues, poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs), and histatin 5 using the inhibition of trypsin-caseinolytic activity by tea. Arg, Lys, and their peptides had strong intercepting activities for the inhibition, but only a weak activity was detected in the Pro peptides or gelatin-like peptides of (Pro-Pro-Gly)(n) (n = 5 or 10). The guanidyl group of Arg and the amino methylene group of Lys were important for the intercepting activity, but the activity was weakly dependent upon the peptide bond formation. The intercepting activity of the peptides or PEG exponentially increased with the number of polymerizations. Histatin 5 did not have a remarkably strong intercepting activity considering the peptide length. The activity of the synthetic histatin 5 in which all of the Lys and Arg were substituted by Ala was at the same level as histatin 5. 相似文献
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Effects of correcting missing daily feed intake values on the genetic parameters and estimated breeding values for feeding traits in pigs 
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下载免费PDF全文 Tetsuya Ito Kazuo Fukawa Mai Kamikawa Satoshi Nikaidou Masaaki Taniguchi Aisaku Arakawa Genki Tanaka Satoshi Mikawa Tsutomu Furukawa Kensuke Hirose 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(1):12-20
Daily feed intake (DFI) is an important consideration for improving feed efficiency, but measurements using electronic feeder systems contain many missing and incorrect values. Therefore, we evaluated three methods for correcting missing DFI data (quadratic, orthogonal polynomial, and locally weighted (Loess) regression equations) and assessed the effects of these missing values on the genetic parameters and the estimated breeding values (EBV) for feeding traits. DFI records were obtained from 1622 Duroc pigs, comprising 902 individuals without missing DFI and 720 individuals with missing DFI. The Loess equation was the most suitable method for correcting the missing DFI values in 5–50% randomly deleted datasets among the three equations. Both variance components and heritability for the average DFI (ADFI) did not change because of the missing DFI proportion and Loess correction. In terms of rank correlation and information criteria, Loess correction improved the accuracy of EBV for ADFI compared to randomly deleted cases. These findings indicate that the Loess equation is useful for correcting missing DFI values for individual pigs and that the correction of missing DFI values could be effective for the estimation of breeding values and genetic improvement using EBV for feeding traits. 相似文献