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随着社会的发展,人们的工作和生活节奏也日益加快。与此同时,工作压力和心理压力也不断增加,在这种情况下,如不注意科学健身和均衡饮食,将会导致人们向亚健康群体过渡。新的饮食习惯、逐渐改善的卫生条件、全球旅行、药品用量和逐步增加的精神压力等都在影响着我们的健康并导致肠胃内菌群失调。肠胃中不均衡的菌群有可能引发免疫力降低、肠胃功能紊乱等常见问题。而益生菌可以有效维护肠道菌群生态平衡,形成生物屏障,抑制有害菌对肠道的侵蚀,提高人体免疫功能,减少毒素在体内的蓄积,防止疾病发生。1益生菌及其功能人体肠道中存在着数十亿种… 相似文献
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The purpose of this retrospective study is to characterize the clinical signs, laboratory values, treatment modalities and mortality outcomes related to cycad palm toxicosis in dogs and to identify medical interventions that potentially correlate with mortality. Dogs with confirmed cycad palm ingestion were identified by reviewing medical records from two private veterinary referral centres for key terms and phrases indicative of cycad palm toxicosis. Of 130 dogs included, 107 (82.3%) presented with clinical signs. A total of 2 (1.5%) died and 14 (10.8%) were euthanized. Diarrhea, lethargy and mortality were all associated with an elevated initial alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration. Overall mortality was 12.3%, with a significantly higher proportion of dogs with an ALT concentration <125 U/L surviving compared to dogs with an elevated ALT concentration. Treatment with activated charcoal reduced the odds of death among all dogs by 82% and was even more protective among dogs with an elevated initial ALT concentration. Among dogs that had an initial platelet count performed, the presence of thrombocytopenia (<200,000/μL) was a negative prognostic indicator and was associated with a significant increase in mortality. Given the high mortality rates reported for cycad palm toxicosis, it is imperative to identify early clinical indicators of mortality as well as treatments that reduce mortality. 相似文献
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D Grove R Genna V Paralika J Boraston M G Hornyold & R Siemens 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(6):433-442
When fed once daily with wet squid, turbot (30–50 g) accustomed to dry pellets require many days to increase intake to meet their feed requirement (≈ 10 mg dry matter g−1 bw meal−1). Adaptation takes 1–2 days if several daily feedings are given. With dried squid, they ingest about 20% of the wet squid bulk because the stomach contents expand when moisturised. In contrast, turbot eat enough wet squid to fill most of the available stomach volume (≈ 7.6 mL 100 g−1 bw). When presented in gelatine capsules, food water content is masked and does not affect the volume ingested. Moistening the contents shortens the delay before gastric emptying starts to one-third (0.6 h) compared with dry food (1.9 h). Daily dry-matter intake increased when dry contents were moistened but only if two or more meals were offered per day. Turbot adapt their digestion to supply water for dry diets but this may add extra metabolic costs. When offered 20 mg dry matter g bw−1 day−1, divided into four equal meals, turbot grew faster and more efficiently with moist than with dry squid. Protein, energy and dry-matter digestibilities were also enhanced. The increased daily protein absorption did not increase ammonia release, indicating that the extra protein was used for somatic growth. 相似文献
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Ingvarsdóttir A Birkett MA Duce I Genna RL Mordue W Pickett JA Wadhams LJ Mordue AJ 《Pest management science》2002,58(6):537-545
The development of behavioural bioassays and electrophysiological recording techniques has enabled the role of semiochemicals to be investigated for the first time in Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr?yer). Adult male sea lice L salmonis were activated by, and attracted to, salmon-conditioned water (SCW) and SCW extract. Non-host fish odours, turbot-conditioned water (TCW) and turbot-conditioned water extract (TCW extract), elicited activation but no attraction in the lice. Solid-phase extraction techniques were developed to extract low molecular weight components of fish odours, and biological activity was shown to be confined to these. Electrophysiological activity from aesthetascs in the first antennae was found and neural responses to odours were recorded from the antennal nerves. Preliminary experiments on individual chemicals (isophorone, 1-octen-3-ol) linked to salmon revealed behavioural activation and electrophysiological responses in adult male L salmonis. Isophorone was shown to be significantly attractive to sea lice when placed in a slow-release system in a perfused tank of seawater in a choice situation. Proof of concept has been established for successfully extracting odour cues from seawater, analysing their biological activity and applying these to slow-release technologies for field trapping of lice. Future work involving linked GC-MS techniques using behaviour, electrophysiological responses, and organolepsis will establish further host location cues specific to Atlantic salmon. 相似文献
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Genna Atiee Heather Kvitko‐White Kathy Spaulding Mark Johnson 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(3):310-314
Histoplasmosis is the second most common fungal infection reported in the cat. The disseminated form involving lung, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow is a frequent manifestation of the disease. Limited information is available in the literature regarding the ultrasonographic appearance of the spleen in cats with disseminated or splenic histoplasmosis. A retrospective review of splenic ultrasound images from 15 cats confirmed to have histoplasmosis by splenic aspirates was performed. Size, echotexture, echogenicity, margin appearance, presence of nodules, and the overall shape of the spleen were reported in each case. Splenomegaly was documented in all cases (15/15) and a hypoechoic appearance of the spleen was documented in 14/15 of cases. The spleen was diffusely and uniformly affected in 14/15 (six homogenous and eight with a subtle mottled appearance) and had discrete nodules in 1/15 cats. Histoplasmosis should be included in the differential list for an enlarged and hypoechoic spleen in cats with consistent clinical findings. Additionally, ultrasound guided splenic aspirate may be a useful method to obtain a cytology sample for diagnosis. 相似文献
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