Performance and endocrine responses of group housed weaner pigs exposed to the air quality of a commercial environment     

C. Lee  L.R. Giles  J.L. Downing  A.C. Kirby 《Livestock Production Science》2005,93(3):255-262

The growth performance and endocrine responses of male weaner pigs (3 to 8 weeks of age) was evaluated in two different environments (clean and dirty) and housing (single or groups of 10 pigs/pen) conditions. The dirty environment contained significantly elevated ammonia, carbon dioxide and dust levels compared with the clean environment. Pigs grew faster and consumed more feed in the clean environment and this was associated with reduced plasma cortisol concentrations compared with pigs in the dirty environment. Pigs housed in groups in the dirty environment had increased β-endorphin and decreased IGF-I concentrations compared to group housed pigs in the clean environment. Feed conversion efficiency did not differ due to environment or group housing. Plasma concentration of cortisol, β-endorphin, IGF-I and IGF-II did not differ between single and group housed pigs. Activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was greater in response to environmental conditions than group housing, and this was associated with reduced growth in weaner pigs.  相似文献   

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a Thoroughbred, with intra-abdominal dissemination     

Patterson-Kane JC  Tramontin RR  Giles RC  Harrison LR 《Veterinary pathology》2000,37(6):692-695

A 14-year-old Thoroughbred gelding with a history of acute onset of hematuria was presented for necropsy. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with intra-abdominal dissemination was diagnosed. Tumor masses were observed on the splenic capsule and surrounding the distal abdominal aorta. Tumor cells showed diffuse cytoplasmic reactivity for cytokeratin but were negative for epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, tumor-associated glycoprotein 72, and vimentin.  相似文献   

Dose selection of selamectin for efficacy against adult fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) on dogs and cats     

McTier TL  Jernigan AD  Rowan TG  Holbert MS  Smothers CD  Bishop BF  Evans NA  Gration KA  Giles CJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,91(3-4):177-185

Selamectin, a novel avermectin, was evaluated in two controlled studies (one in Beagles, one in domestic shorthaired cats) to determine an appropriate topical dose for efficacy against adult Ctenocephalides felis felis (C. felis) fleas on dogs and cats for 1 month. For each study, animals were allocated randomly to four treatments. One treatment consisted of the inert formulation ingredients (vehicle) administered as a negative control, and the other three treatments consisted of a single topical dosage of 3, 6, or 9mgkg(-1) of selamectin. In each study, selamectin was administered as a topical dose applied to the skin in a single spot at the base of the neck in front of the scapulae. Dogs and cats were infested with 100 viable unfed C. felis (50 males and 50 females) on days 4, 11, 18, and 27. Seventy-two hours (+/-2h) after each infestation, on days 7, 14, 21, and 30, a comb count to determine the number of viable fleas present on each animal was performed. Efficacy of selamectin on day 30 was used to select an appropriate dose. For dogs and cats, percentage reductions in geometric mean flea comb counts for the three selamectin treatments ranged from 94. 6 to 100% on days 7, 14, and 21, compared with the negative-control treatment. On day 30, reductions in flea comb counts were 81.5, 94.7, and 90.8% for dogs, and 79.8, 98.0, and 96.2% for cats treated with selamectin at 3, 6, or 9mgkg(-1), respectively. For day 30 flea comb counts for dogs and cats, analysis of variance showed that the three selamectin treatments resulted in significantly (P< or =0.05) lower counts than did the negative-control treatment. For dogs and cats, geometric mean flea counts for selamectin administered at a dosage of 3mgkg(-1) were significantly (P< or =0.05) higher than those for the 6 and 9mgkg(-1) treatment dosages combined. There were no significant differences in flea counts between the 6 and 9mgkg(-1) treatments. This analysis was confirmed by linear-plateau modeling. Thus, the optimal dose of selamectin for efficacy against adult fleas for both dogs and cats, as estimated by the turning point (plateau) in the dose response curve, was 6mgkg(-1).  相似文献   

The efficacy of danofloxacin in the therapy of pneumonia associated with Pasteurella species in housed calves   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W T Grimshaw  C J Giles  A C Cooper  D J Shanks 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(12):529-532

The efficacy of danofloxacin, a novel third generation fluoroquinolone, was assessed in the treatment of pneumonia in housed calves on three farms in the FDR and Italy. Seventy three calves with clinical signs of acute pneumonia and rectal temperatures greater than 40 degrees C were treated with danofloxacin at a dose rate of 1.25 mg/kg for three or five days depending on response to treatment. The response in these calves was compared to that obtained in 77 calves treated with trimethoprim/sulpha. The clinical response achieved with danofloxacin was superior to that achieved with trimethoprim/sulpha and significantly fewer calves which received danofloxacin required five days treatment. Pasteurella haemolytica and, or P. multocida were isolated from the majority of calves prior to treatment. All isolates were sensitive to danofloxacin and over 90 percent were sensitive to trimethoprim/sulpha.  相似文献   

Suspected poisoning of a goat by giant hogweed     

A H Andrews  C J Giles  L R Thomsett 《The Veterinary record》1985,116(8):205-207

A five-year-old male African pygmy goat became ill four weeks after transfer from a zoological garden to a municipal park. The animal was subdued, refused to eat and drink and showed profuse salivation. Examination of the mouth revealed severe ulceration. The condition gradually responded to nursing and supportive therapy. Circumstantial evidence suggested the possibility that the lesions were caused by giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum). Supportive evidence that the plant could produce lesions was provided by the application of a cut stem to the hard palate and a solution of various dilutions to clipped areas of the backs of two ewes. Both ewes produced reddened skin when the concentrated solution was applied and both showed marked reddening of the gingival mucosae and in one animal small ulcers developed in the rostral part of the mouth. It is suggested that H mantegazzianum may be a potential hazard for grazing ruminants.  相似文献   

Agriculture: Foundations,principles and development: Raeburn,J. R. John Wiley and Sons Ltd,Chichester, 1984. xv + 329 pp. Price: £14·75     

A.K. Giles 《Agricultural Systems》1985,18(4):251-252

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Estimating CO(2) flux from snowpacks at three sites in the Rocky Mountains     

McDowell NG  Marshall JD  Hooker TD  Musselman R 《Tree physiology》2000,20(11):745-753

Soil surface CO(2) flux (F(s)) is the dominant respiratory flux in many temperate forest ecosystems. Snowpacks increase this dominance by insulating the soil against the low temperature to which aboveground components are exposed. However, measurement of F(s) in winter may be impeded by snow cover. Likewise, developing annual F(s) models is complicated by seasonal variation in root and microbial metabolism. We compared three methods of measuring sub-snow F(s): (1) dynamic chamber measurements at the upper snowpack surface (F(snow)), (2) dynamic chamber measurements at the soil surface via snowpits (F(soil)), and (3) static estimates based on measured concentrations of carbon dioxide ([CO(2)]) and conductance properties of the snowpack (F(diffusional)). Methods were compared at a mid-elevation forest in northeastern Washington, a mid-elevation forest in northern Idaho, and a high-elevation forest and neighboring meadow in Wyoming. The methods that minimized snowpack disturbance, F(diffusional) and F(snow), yielded similar estimates of F(s). In contrast, F(soil) yielded rates two to three times higher than F(snow) at the forested sites, and seven times higher at the subalpine meadow. The ratio F(soil)/F(snow) increased with increasing snow depth when compared across all sites. Snow removal appears to induce elevated soil flux as a result of lateral CO(2) diffusion into the pit. We chose F(snow) as our preferred method and used it to estimate annual CO(2) fluxes. The snowpack was present for 36% of the year at this site, during which time 132 g C m(-2), or 17% of the annual flux, occurred. We conclude that snowpack CO(2) flux is quantitatively important in annual carbon budgets for these forests and that the static and dynamic methods yield similar and reasonable estimates of the flux, as long as snowpack disturbance is minimized.  相似文献   

Isolation of Streptococcus suis from 2 lambs with a history of lameness     

Anne Muckle  Alfonso López  Marcelo Gottschalk  Carlos López-Méndez  Jan Giles  Lorraine Lund  Matthew Saab 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(10):946-949

Streptococcus suis was isolated postmortem from 2 lambs with a history of lameness. Identity of S. suis was confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. One isolate was untypable by serotyping and non-encapsulated, while the other isolate was serotype 33. The lambs had come from the same farm, and there was no evidence of contact between the lambs and pigs. Although the natural niche for S. suis is considered to be the pig, a wide range of host species may be affected by this pathogen.  相似文献   

The potential for Chilean oysters, Tiostrea chilensis (Philippi, 1845), from two populations in northern New Zealand as a source of larvae for aquaculture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A G Jeffs  R G Creese  S H Hooker 《Aquaculture Research》1997,28(6):433-441

The use of the Chilean oyster. Tiostrea chilensis (Philippi. 1845), for aquaculture has been hampered by difficulty in obtaining commercial quantities of larvae due to the low fertility of the existing broodstock of this species taken from well-known populations in Chile and the South Island of New Zealand. The larval productions of two wild populations of this oyster in northern New Zealand were assessed as potential alternative sources of broodstock for aquaculture. The study found both populations produced larvae from young, small oysters, and that a much larger proportion of the population was brooding larvae each year than has been reported elsewhere. The mean fertility of one of these populations, at 71 056 ± 3701 (SE) larvae per oyster, was the highest reported for any population of this species. The significantly higher fertility of these populations makes them well suited for further development as broodstock for aquaculture.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of a lamb with Cryptosporidium parvum genotype 1.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M Giles  K A Webster  J A Marshall  J Catchpole  T M Goddard 《The Veterinary record》2001,149(17):523-525

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