Novel soil quality indicators for the evaluation of agricultural management practices: a biological perspective     

Giulia BONGIORNO 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(3):257-274

Developments in soil biology and in methods to characterize soil organic carbon can potentially deliver novel soil quality indicators that can help identify management practices able to sustain soil productivity and environmental resilience. This work aimed at synthesizing results regarding the suitability of a range of soil biological and biochemical properties as novel soil quality indicators for agricultural management. The soil properties, selected through a published literature review, comprised different labile organic carbon fractions [hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), hot water extractable carbon and particulate organic matter carbon], soil disease suppressiveness measured using a Pythium-Lepidium bioassay, nematode communities characterized by amplicon sequencing and qPCR, and microbial community level physiological profiling measured with MicroResp^TM. Prior studies tested the sensitivity of each of the novel indicators to tillage and organic matter addition in ten European long-term field experiments (LTEs) and assessed their relationships with pre-existing soil quality indicators of soil functioning. Here, the results of these previous studies are brought together and interpreted relative to each other and to the broader body of literature on soil quality assessment. Reduced tillage increased carbon availability, disease suppressiveness, nematode richness and diversity, the stability and maturity of the food web, and microbial activity and functional diversity. Organic matter addition played a weaker role in enhancing soil quality, possibly due to the range of composition of the organic matter inputs used in the LTEs. POXC was the indicator that discriminated best between soil management practices, followed by nematode indices based on functional characteristics. Structural equation modeling shows that POXC has a central role in nutrient retention/supply, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, erosion control and disease regulation/suppression. The novel indicators proposed here have great potential to improve existing soil quality assessment schemes. Their feasibility of application is discussed and needs for future research are outlined.  相似文献   

Efficacy and safety of an infectious bursal disease virus intermediate vaccine in ovo.     

M Coletti  E Del Rossi  M P Franciosini  F Passamonti  G Tacconi  C Marini 《Avian diseases》2001,45(4):1036-1043

  相似文献   

Mixed hemadsorption technique for study of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses: studies with avian leukosis viruses     

C R Rossi  D Segre 《American journal of veterinary research》1969,30(5):831-836

  相似文献   

A dynamic simulation model for powdery mildew epidemics on winter wheat*     

V. Rossi  S. Giosu 《EPPO Bulletin》2003,33(3):389-396

A system dynamic model for epidemics of Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) on wheat was elaborated, based on the interaction between stages of the disease cycle, weather conditions and host characteristics. The model simulates the progress of disease severity, expressed as a percentage of powdered leaf area, on individual leaves, with a time step of one day, as a result of two processes: the growth of fungal colonies already present on the leaves and the appearance of new colonies. By means of mathematical equations, air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, rainfall and wind are used to calculate incubation, latency and sporulation periods, the growth of pathogen colonies, infection and spore survival. Effects of host susceptibility to infection, and of leaf position within the plant canopy, are also included. Model validation was carried out by comparing model outputs with the dynamics of epidemics observed on winter wheat grown at several locations in northern Italy (1991–98). Simulations were performed using meteorological data measured in standard meteorological stations. As there was good agreement between model outputs and actual disease severity, the model can be considered a satisfactory simulator of the effect of environmental conditions on the progress of powdery mildew epidemics.  相似文献   

A model estimating the risk of Fusarium head blight on wheat*     

V. Rossi  S. Giosu  E. Pattori  F. Spanna  A. Del Vecchio 《EPPO Bulletin》2003,33(3):421-425

A dynamic simulation model for the risk of Fusarium head blight on wheat was elaborated based on systems analysis. The model calculates a daily infection risk based on sporulation, spore dispersal and infection of host tissue of the four main species causing the disease (Gibberella zeae, Fusarium culmorum, Gibberella avenacea, Monographella nivalis). Spore yield and dispersal are calculated as functions of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity, while the main factors affecting the infection rate are temperature, wetness and the host growth stage. The model also calculates a risk for mycotoxin production by G. zeae and F. culmorum in the infected head tissue. First validations against field data, collected in some wheat‐growing areas in northern Italy and not used in model elaboration, produced satisfactory results.  相似文献   

Estimating the potential development of Diaporthe helianthi epidemics in Italy*     

P. Battilani  V. Rossi  B. Girometta  M. Delos  J. Rouzet  N. Andr  S. Esposito 《EPPO Bulletin》2003,33(3):427-431

Diaporthe helianthi is the causal agent of a severe sunflower disease but, in Italy, disease outbreaks are sporadic with no significant losses. The present work investigates the role of meteorological conditions on the potential development of D. helianthi epidemics in Italy, using the French model Asphodel, which simulates the effect of air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on ascospore maturation and dispersal, infection establishment, disease onset and severity during the period of host susceptibility. Meteorological data measured in eight stations distributed from north to south Italy, over a 5‐year period (1995–99), was used as model input. Results showed that meteorological conditions in Italy are frequently favourable for D. helianthi infections on sunflower, and severe epidemics are possible. Therefore, climatic conditions are not a limiting factor for disease development in the Italian sunflower‐growing areas. The lack of disease epidemics in Italy may be related to differences in the pathogen populations compared with the French ones.  相似文献   

Metabolic effects of trichlorfon (Masoten®) on the neotropical freshwater fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)     

Francine P. Venturini  Fernanda D. Moraes  Lucas R. X. Cortella  Priscila A. Rossi  Claudinei Cruz  Gilberto Moraes 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(1):299-309

  相似文献   

The sounds of silence: regime shifts impoverish marine soundscapes     

Tullio Rossi  Sean D. Connell  Ivan Nagelkerken 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(2):239-248

  相似文献   

Efficiency improvement in linear-move sprinkler systems through moderate runoff–runon control     

M. J. Rossi  J. O. Ares 《Irrigation Science》2015,33(3):205-219

  相似文献   

Effect of farm characteristics and practices on hygienic quality of ovine raw milk used for artisan cheese production in central Italy          下载免费PDF全文

Elisa Carloni  Annalisa Petruzzelli  Giulia Amagliani  Giorgio Brandi  Francesco Caverni  Piermario Mangili  Franco Tonucci 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):591-599

A survey on ovine dairy farms directly transforming own‐produced milk, in the Italian Marche region, was carried out to assess flock and milking practices that may influence milk hygienic‐sanitary conditions. A census survey established that 24 dairy farms were located in this region. Bulk milk samples were collected throughout the milking period in each dairy farm in 2013. Analyzed variables were: (i) chemical parameters such as fat, protein and lactose content, dry matter and pH; and (ii) total bacterial (TBC) and somatic cell counts (SCC). Chemical parameter values were in agreement with published data while, geometric mean (GM) log₁₀ SCC was 5.91 and TBC GM was 57 978 colony forming units/mL, in compliance with Eropean Union criteria. A positive correlation was found between SCC and TBC when GMs of all farm data were considered (Spearman's rho = 0.7925; P = 0.0001). Statistical analysis did not show significant correlation between SCC or TBC GM and dairy farm principal characteristics. Although SCC levels detected in the present study should suggest the need to implement mastitis control programs, Marche's dairy sheep flocks revealed a good hygienic condition level. This is an important aspect in implementing safety for end users of the final product.  相似文献