Bienen,Hummeln, Wespen im Garten und in der Landschaft     

Dieter Wittmann  Daniela Klein  Matthias Schindler  Vera Sieg  Michael Blanke 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2004,46(1):20-20

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Survival and Growth Improvement of Palm Ruff,Seriolella violacea,Larvae Fed Artemia Nauplii Enriched with an Experimental Emulsion          下载免费PDF全文

Adens González  Alfonso Silva  Gonzalo Gajardo  Claudio Martínez 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(2):268-279

The palm ruff, Seriolella violacea (Cojinoba), is a potential new species for Chilean aquaculture. To approach Cojinoba larviculture, an experimental Artemia enrichment emulsion, containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) = 2.5, supplemented with vitamin E, astaxanthin, and β‐glucan, was evaluated in both Artemia and Cojinoba larvae, 30–50 d.a.h. This study tested an experimental enrichment emulsion versus a commercial emulsion, with an integral approach of multicompound emulsions. After 23 h enrichment, experimental emulsion (EE)‐enriched nauplii reached DHA and EPA concentrations of 23.8 and 18.7 mg/g dry weight (dwt), respectively, while in Cojinoba larvae they were 18.4 and 19.7 mg/g dwt. Control emulsion (CE)‐enriched nauplii exhibited lower DHA and EPA (6.1 and 7.7 mg/g dwt), while only DHA decreased in the control larvae (12.6 mg/g dwt). Vitamin E was higher in EE‐enriched nauplii (29.2 mg/100 g dwt) than in the control (8.4 mg/100 g dwt). Larvae fed EE‐enriched Artemia exhibited 8% increase in survival and 19% in growth compared with the control. Astaxanthin was detected only in larvae fed EE‐enriched nauplii. The tumor necrosis factor‐α concentration was not significantly different between larvae fed EE‐ and CE‐enriched nauplii. EE looks promising as an Artemia enrichment and experimental diet to assess palm ruff larval requirements, and has a positive impact on fish larvae performance.  相似文献   

Monitoring forage production for farmers’ decision making     

Gonzalo Grigera  Martín OesterheldFernando Pacín 《Agricultural Systems》2007

Objective management of grazing livestock production systems needs monitoring of forage production at the managerial unit level. Our objectives were to develop a system that routinely estimates forage above-ground net primary production (ANPP) at the spatial and temporal resolution required by farmers in the Pampas of Argentina, and to facilitate adoption of the system by end users as a managerial support tool. Our approach was based on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) logic, which proposes that ANPP is determined by the amount of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy (APAR), and the efficiency with which that energy is transformed in above-ground dry matter (radiation use efficiency, RUE). APAR is the product of incoming photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the fraction absorbed by the canopy (fPAR). We estimated fPAR as a non-linear function of MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). RUE was empirically estimated for the two principal forage resources of the region, yielding the following relations: ANPP = 0.6 × APAR + 12, (R² = 0.86; p < 0.001; n = 18) for the upland sown pastures, and ANPP = 0.27 × APAR + 26, (R² = 0.74; p < 0.001; n = 18) for the lowland naturalized pastures, with ANPP in g/m²/60 days and APAR in MJ/m²/60 days. The models were able to predict independent ANPP values with acceptable accuracy. Computational procedures were automated and run in a Relational Data Base Manager System that stored and managed all the information. The system is currently monitoring 212,794 ha in 83 farms and provides monthly ANPP values for the previous month and a history of the last 6 years. The data so generated show ANPP differences between the two major forage resources, considerable variability of a given month’s ANPP among years and paddocks, and contrasting among-farm differences in the efficiency of conversion of ANPP and forage supplements into beef production. The system was well accepted by end users who utilize it mainly for making near real time decisions according to last month ANPP, and explaining results of previous production cycles by incorporating ANPP as an explicative variable. However, there were differences among farmers in the degree of utilization, apparently related to the advisor’s attitude toward this new technology. Our results indicate that (1) forage production of large extensions can be monthly monitored at the paddock level by a small laboratory with capabilities in geographic information systems, and (2) advisors and farmers apply this information to their managerial decisions.  相似文献   

Effect of lysogenicity on the virulence of Bacillus anthracis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T Vera  L C Grumbles  T E Franklin  P F Jungerman 《American journal of veterinary research》1968,29(5):1059-1066

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Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences and conditions affecting the type of conidial germination of Bipolaris oryzae     

M. A. G. Dela Paz  P. H. Goodwin  A. K. Raymundo  E. Y. Ardales  C. M. Vera Cruz 《Plant pathology》2006,55(6):756-765

One taxonomic characteristic of Bipolaris species is the bipolar germination of conidia, but conidia of Bipolaris oryzae , the causal pathogen of brown spot in rice, are regularly observed to show intercalary germination, a characteristic of Drechslera species. The effect of selection, culture media and culture age on type of conidial germination was determined for three brown spot isolates from Cavinti, San Pablo and Palawan in the Philippines, obtained from infected leaves showing typical disease symptoms. Based on the analyses of their ITS1, ITS2 and 5·8S rDNA nucleotide sequences, the local isolates were clearly identified as B. oryzae . Selection for colonies of the three isolates derived from single conidia with either bipolar or intercalary germination had no effect on the number of spores showing bipolar germination in subsequent cultures. Germination on seven different culture media was tested; of these, rabbit food agar and water agar increased the percentage of bipolar germination of conidia, although this varied between isolates. Incubation of the cultures of all three isolates for longer periods prior to harvesting conidia increased the percentage of bipolar-germinating conidia from c . 40 to c . 90% with 5-day-old and 30-day-old cultures, respectively.  相似文献   

Host-plant specificity in the infection of cereals with Azospirillum spp     

Vera Lucia D. Baldani  Johanna Döbereiner 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1980,12(4):433-439

The specificity of the infection of maize, wheat and rice roots by N₂-fixing Azospirillum spp was studied in four greenhouse experiments using pots with unsterilized soil and in two field experiments. In all experiments A. lipoferum was most frequently isolated from externally sterilized roots of maize, and A. brasilense nir^? (nitrite reductase negative) from wheat and rice. In pot experiments, A. brasilense nir⁺ was isolated with moderate frequency from within maize roots but rarely from within wheat or rice roots. Inoculation of the pots with a mixture of representative strains of the three Azospirillum groups had no effect on the proportion of strains recovered from each plant species. In the field experiments, inoculation with spontaneous streptomycin-resistant mutants of two of the representative strains confirmed the apparent specificity of A. lipoferum for maize roots and of A. brasilense for wheat but the results were partially obscured by the unexpectedly high proportion of streptomycin-resistant strains isolated from within the roots of uninoculated plants.  相似文献   

Yields nutrient intake and soil fertilizing in 40 years fertilizer trials     

Jan Baier  Vera Baierová  Z. Bartošová  D. Ledvinková 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3-4):313-337

The set of twenty long‐term field nutrition trials starting from 1957 at five sites. The sites differed by their altitude (from 180 m to 620 m) with average daily temperatures (from 6,8°C m to 9°C m) and soil type (from chernozem to brown podsolic soil) Provided mainly the following results:

? The geonomic division to the fertile sugarbeet region and less fertile potato region did not strictly differentiate the influence of fertilizer and climatic effects to the crop yields.

? The effect of fertilizing was dependent on the nutrient content and on the conditions of releasing and binding of the nutrients in soil.

? The precipitation regime has a strong influence on the effect of the nitrogen escalated doses.

? The facts concerning the nutrient intake are very precious knowledge. These facts have not been examined yet during the long‐term trials.

? The site effect, particularly its climatic conditions, on the nutrient intake is often more obvious compared to the fertilizing effect.

? Very interesting impulses for further research monitoring during the long‐term trials was contributed by “mapping”; of soil capacity to provide nutrients to plants at various sites and under different climate.  相似文献   

Schabenbekämpfung mit „808”-Präparaten     

Dr. Vera Wellborn 《Journal of pest science》1935,11(6):67-68

Ohne Zusammenfassung Mit 1 Abbildung.  相似文献   

华南及菲律宾稻白叶枯病病原菌株致病性比较研究     

伍尚忠  徐羡明  刘景梅  苗东华  维拉·克鲁茨 《植物病理学报》1985,15(2):64-72

 用国际鉴别寄主及中国鉴别寄主分别在华南及菲律宾两地,同时多次重复研究、比较、分析两地的稻白叶枯病病原菌株的致病力。用人工剪接法测定明确了中国及菲律宾的病情分级调查记载标准呈显著相关,均能反映华南与菲律宾的病情调查实际结果。对4个菲律宾和5个华南菌群而言,"金南风"及"脱脱普"全感,而"早生爱国3号"和"爪哇14号"则全抗。"黄玉"对华南菌群Ⅰ及Ⅱ抵抗,但对Ⅲ及Ⅳ群与4个菲律宾菌群则全感。"IR8"及"Cas209"对5个华南菌群全感,而"DV85"则全抗。"IR20"及"IR1545-339"抗华南菌群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ,但感染Ⅴ群。"TN1"及"金刚30"等品种全部感染华南及菲律宾菌群。"IR26"抗华南菌群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和菲律宾菌群Ⅰ,但感染华南菌群Ⅴ和菲律宾菌群Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ。试验结果指出:华南菌群Ⅲ、Ⅳ的,致病力与菲律宾菌群Ⅰ相仿,而华南菌群Ⅴ则与菲律宾菌群Ⅳ相类似。此外,还研究比较分析了华南菌株与东南亚菲律宾、泰国和印度尼西亚诸国菌株间的致病力的异同情况。  相似文献   

Graph theory in action: evaluating planned highway tracks based on connectivity measures     

Vera Vasas  Tibor Magura  Ferenc Jordán  Béla Tóthmérész 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(5):581-586

Maintaining connectivity among local populations in a fragmented landscape is crucial for the survival of many species. For isolated habitat patches, stochastic fluctuations and reduced gene flow can lead to high risk of extinction. The connectivity of the landscape is especially crucial for the carabid species living in the fragmented forests of the Bereg plain (NE Hungary and W Ukraine) because a highway will be constructed through the plain. Our purpose is to (1) evaluate the impacts of three possible highway tracks, (2) suggest a solution that is realistic with less impact on connectivity than other plans and (3) discuss how to decrease the disadvantageous effects of each track. Our results, based on a network analysis of landscape graph of patches and ecological corridors, indicate that the intended highway could have deleterious consequences on forest-living carabids. Relatively simple actions, like the establishment of stepping stones, could compensate for the loss of habitat connectivity and promote the survival of carabids, or minor modifications in one possible track could diminish its adverse effects. While many other studies would be needed for a comprehensive assessment of the biotic impact of the highway, we provide an example on the usefulness of network analysis for land use management. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献