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排序方式: 共有120条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Deborah S. Greco Rod A.W. Rosychuk Gregory K. Ogilvie Lynn M. Harpold Camilla H. Van Liew 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(1):7-10
Thirty adult, client-owned dogs were diagnosed with hypothyroidism based on history, physical examination findings, hematologic and biochemical abnormalities, thyrotropin (TSH) response testing, endogenous canine thyrotropin (cTSH) concentration, or both, and total serum thryoxine concentration. All dogs received levothyroxine (L-thyroxine) at an initial dose of 22 μg/kg PO sid in either a tablet (13 dogs) or chewable form (17 dogs). Energy expenditure of each dog during apparent rest was estimated with an open-flow indirect calorimetry system by determining the rates of carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption. Energy expenditure of apparent rest (EE) was lower in untreated hypothyroid dogs compared with reference values for EE. After treatment with L-thyroxine, EE of the hypothyroid dogs was significantly ( P < .05) higher than pretreatment values. 相似文献
2.
The discipline of landscape ecology recognizes the importance of measuring habitat suitability variables at spatial scales
relevant to specific organisms. This paper uses a novel multi-scale hierarchical patch delineation method, PatchMorph, to
measure landscape patch characteristics at two distinct spatial scales and statistically relate them to the presence of state-listed
endangered yellow-billed cuckoos (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) nesting in forest patches along the Sacramento River, California, USA. The landscape patch characteristics calculated were:
patch thickness, area of cottonwood forest, area of riparian scrub, area of other mixed riparian forest, and total patch area.
A third, regional spatial variable, delineating the north and south portions of study area was also analyzed for the effect
of regional processes. Using field surveys, the landscape characteristics were related to patch occupancy by yellow-billed
cuckoos. The area of cottonwood forest measured at the finest spatial scale of patches was found to be the most important
factor determining yellow-billed cuckoo presence in the forest patches, while no patch characteristics at the larger scale
of habitat patches were important. The regional spatial variable was important in two of the three analysis techniques. Model
validation using an independent data set of surveys (conducted 1987–1990) found 76–82% model accuracy for all the statistical
techniques used. Our results show that the spatial scale at which habitat characteristics are measured influences the suitability
of forest patches. This multi-scale patch and model selection approach to habitat suitability analysis can readily be generalized
for use with other organisms and systems. 相似文献
3.
4.
Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in dogs after single intravenous and single and multiple oral administrations of the drug 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
S A Brown J Cooper J J Gauze D S Greco D W Weise J M Buck 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(7):1065-1070
Norfloxacin was given to 6 healthy dogs at a dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight IV and orally in a complete crossover study, and orally at dosages of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg to 6 healthy dogs in a 3-way crossover study. For 24 hours, serum concentration was monitored serially after each administration. Another 6 dogs were given 5 mg of norfloxacin/kg orally every 12 hours for 14 days, and serum concentration was determined serially for 12 hours after the first and last administration of the drug. Complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis were performed before and after 14 days of oral norfloxacin administration, and clinical signs of drug toxicosis were monitored twice daily during norfloxacin administration. Urine concentration of norfloxacin was determined periodically during serum acquisition periods. Norfloxacin concentration was determined, using high-performance liquid chromatography with a limit of detection of 25 ng of norfloxacin/ml of serum or urine. Serum norfloxacin pharmacokinetic values after single IV dosing in dogs were best modeled, using a 2-compartment open model, with distribution and elimination half-lives of 0.467 and 3.56 hours (harmonic means), respectively. Area-derived volume of distribution (Vd area) was 1.77 +/- 0.69 L/kg (arithmetic mean +/- SD), and serum clearance (Cls) was 0.332 +/- 0.115 L/h/kg. Mean residence time was 4.32 +/- 0.98 hour. Comparison of the area under the curve (AUC; derived, using model-independent calculations) after iv administration (5 mg/kg) with AUC after oral administration (5 mg/kg) in the same dogs indicated bioavailability of 35.0 +/- 46.1%, with a mean residence time after oral administration of 5.71 +/-2.24 hours. Urine concentration was 33.8 +/- 15.3 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after a single dose of 5 mg/kg given orally, whereas concentration after 20 mg/kg was given orally was 56.8 +/- 18.0 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after dosing. Twelve hours after drug administration, urine concentration was 47.4 +/- 20.6 micrograms/ml after the 5-mg/kg dose and 80.6 +/- 37.7 micrograms/ml after the 20/mg/kg dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
5.
Lamastra L Ferrari F Fait G Greco L Kennedy SH Capri E Trevisan M 《Pest management science》2011,67(11):1439-1445
BACKGROUND: 1,3‐Dichloropropene (1,3‐D, CAS No. 542‐75‐6) is a broad‐spectrum soil fumigant used to control numerous species of soilborne plant‐parasitic nematodes. 1,3‐D consists of two isomers, (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D. There are a number of low‐level chlorinated compounds that could potentially be produced as a part of the 1,3‐D manufacturing process. 1,3‐D and its metabolites, as well as potentially related chlorinated compounds, represent potential groundwater contaminants. RESULTS: This study has investigated the hydrolytic stability, under biotic and abiotic conditions in the laboratory, of an extensive representative list of 1,3‐D and potentially related chlorinated compounds in order to predict their environmental fate. All of these compounds showed intrinsic hydrolytic instability under both abiotic and biotic test conditions. Furthermore, a monitoring programme was carried out. Twenty‐five wells were monitored in five Italian regions characterised by historical and existing use of 1,3‐D. The parent compound, its two major metabolites and potentially related chlorinated compounds were not detected in the well water at > 0.1 µg L?1 at any sampling location. CONCLUSION: The soil fumigant (E,Z)‐1,3‐D, its metabolites and potentially related chlorinated compounds constitute a low risk to groundwater. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
Greco G Madio A Buonavoglia D Totaro M Corrente M Martella V Buonavoglia C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,170(3):65-350
A study was carried out in the South of Italy to assess the role of clostridia in neonatal diseases of lambs and kids. Eighty-seven lambs and 15 kids belonging to 25 flocks were examined and Clostridium perfringens was the microorganism most commonly identified. C. perfringens isolates were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in order to determine the prevalence of the genes cpa, cpb, cpb2, etx, iap and cpe. The most prevalent toxin-type of C. perfringens was found to be type A found in 84% of the cases with clostridial enterotoxaemia. No C. perfringens type B, C or E were found. C. perfringens type D was isolated in 16% of the cases. About 24% of the isolates were cpb2 positive. The prevalence of cpb2 across the different C. perfringens types varied. The beta(2)-toxin gene cpb2 was detected in 4/21 (19%) type A isolates, in 1/2 type D isolates, and in 1/2 type DE (cpe-carrying type D) isolates. The high rate of positivity to cpb2 among the isolates suggests that a vaccine based on the beta(2)-toxin, should be included in the vaccination schedule of the animals to confer adequate protection and to prevent the disease. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
Luigi Pane Elisabetta Giacco Christian Corrà Giuliano Greco Gian Luigi Mariottini Franco Varisco Marco Faimali 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2008,8(2):74-79
Background, Aim and Scope The toxicity of contaminated sediments should be evaluated considering the direct exposure of laboratory organisms to whole
sediments and the indirect exposure to elutriates or extracts (Tay et al. 1992, Byrne and Halloran 1999, Nendza 2002). The
alga Dunaliella tertiolecta is indicated for the use in toxicity bioassays because it is highly sensitive to several xenobiotics. Harpacticoid copepods
have been already used for toxicity testing and Tigriopus fulvus is a promising Mediterranean target-species in ecotoxicology (Todaro et al. 2001, Faraponova et al. 2003, Pane et al. 2005a).
In this study, the toxicity of sediments collected in harbour sites of the Northeastern Adriatic Sea was evaluated by growth
inhibition test with free living and alginate-immobilized Dunaliella tertiolecta and acute toxicity test with nauplii and adult Tigriopus fulvus with the aim of pointing out the importance to utilize model organisms from different trophic levels in sediment ecotoxicology.
Methodology Elutriates and whole sediments were tested on free living and immobilized (Pane et al. 1998) algal cells, and on laboratory
reared copepods. Free-living D. tertiolecta were exposed to diluted elutriates in a static, multi-well plate system. Naalginate immobilized D. tertiolecta were placed in polystyrene inserts fitted with polyester mesh bottoms and exposed to a thin layer (2 mm) of whole sediments
in multi-well plates (EPS 1992, Pane and Bertino 1999). Toxicity tests with copepods were carried out on Tigriopus fulvus nauplii (elutriates) and adults (whole sediments and elutriates). Same-aged nauplii useful for toxicity tests were obtained
by egg sac detaching and consequent hatching stimulation (Pane et al. 2006). Newborn nauplii (I–II stage) were exposed to
elutriates in multi-well plates provided with polystyrene inserts. Adult T. fulvus maintained in polystyrene inserts fitted with polyester mesh bottoms were placed in contact with a thin layer (2 mm) of whole
sediment placed on multi-well plate bottoms. All end-points were evaluated after 96 h.
Results In general, the effects increased with the increasing of elutriate concentration up to 50%; the stimulation or inhibition
of algal growth was statistically significant in comparison to the control. The inhibiting elutriates induced EC50 variations of algal growth ranging from 66.9% to 74.3%. The mortality of T. fulvus nauplii was always < 25% after treatment with 100% elutriates and < 10% after treatment with 50% dilution; no effect was
shown up with 25% dilution; therefore LC50 was not calculable. The effect of elutriates was negligible on adult copepods and LC50 values were never calculable; percent mortality always resulted in < 10% after treatment with whole sediments.
Discussion Both experimental systems gave substantially similar results after exposition to whole sediments and elutriates. During the
experiment with algal cells, the immobilization in Na-alginate and the employment of inserts which allowed the contact of
organisms with sediments and their easy counting were particularly useful. Likewise, the employment of inserts of adequate
mesh size in the tests with copepods allowed the contact of organisms with the sediment and made organism handling and counting
easy, as well as the evaluation of mortality. The methodology here described and the utilization of the proposed test-species
could have an importance also considering that the current trend in ecotoxicological research is towards finding the most
appropriate organism for specific areas of concern by using indigenous species (Mariani et al. 2006) and towards the major
significance of chronic and reproductive end-points.
Conclusions Based on the above results, it can be stated that the bioassay with Dunaliella tertiolecta could be a good estimation tool for the ecotoxicological assessment of marine sediments. The immobilization of algae in Na-alginate
was seen to be useful to evaluate the toxicity of whole sediments; the employment of polystyrene inserts allowed an improvement
of the procedures. T. fulvus nauplii and adults, as other harpacticoids such as Tigriopus japonicus (Yoon et al. 2006), satisfy the basic criteria for the employment of a standard species in marine bioassays. To date only
pelagic Acartia tonsa are utilized in the standardized procedure to evaluate the risk assessment of chemicals or wastewaters (ISO 1999). As, on
the contrary, the exposure of copepods to solid-phase contaminants it is not yet standardized, the employment of polystyrene
inserts improved the procedures for T. fulvus too. So, the rapidity and the possibility to solve practical problems could be the main attractive features of this technique
(Pane et al. 2005a) when applied to whole sediments.
Recommendations and Perspectives The methodology here developed being also applicable to long term and reproduction tests should be recommended because it
provides relevant information in comparison with other frequently applied, standardized biotests with crustaceans (ISO 1999).
The procedure has been shown to be easily applicable to selected marine organisms.
ESS-Submission Editor: Prof. Dr. Henner Hollert (henner.hollert@bio5.rwth-aachen.de) 相似文献
10.
Post‐hatching development of the ornamental ‘Red Cherry Shrimp’ Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Crustacea,Caridea, Atyidae) under laboratorial conditions 下载免费PDF全文
João A F Pantaleão Rafael A Gregati Rogério C da Costa Laura S López‐Greco Maria L Negreiros‐Fransozo 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(2):553-569
The ‘Red Cherry shrimp’, Neocaridina davidi is a small freshwater caridean shrimp living, originally, in various kinds of inland water bodies around Asian countries. This shrimp has reached several countries for ornamental use; however, basic information on the biology of the species is still scarce in the literature. Its early post embryonic development morphology has not yet been described. This paper focused on the production and the development of early post‐hatching stages of N. davidi, its male secondary sexual features, observation of the gonads and the presence of females with embryos. The larval development of N. davidi was almost suppressed as noted by the presence of relatively large‐sized eggs, first stage hatching as a decapodid; and the tail fans were present only from the 2nd post‐hatching stage. A biological important consequence of the presence of this Red Cherry shrimp species in the Neotropics is its potential release into nature, which could cause its rapid dispersion affecting populations of other indigenous caridean freshwater shrimps. 相似文献