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通过两个试验评估日粮中各种不同来源的葡萄糖、乳糖和乳清粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响.试验1:选用228头初始体重7.756 kg的仔猪为试验猪,进行为期14 d的试验.试验共设6个日粮处理组:对照组(玉米-豆粕型日粮)、乳糖组(7.2%乳糖 对照组日粮)、无水葡萄糖组(7.2%无水葡萄糖 对照组日粮)、一水葡萄糖组(7.2%一水葡萄糖 对照组日粮)、饲料级乳清粉组(10%饲料级乳清粉 对照组日粮)和食品级乳清粉组(10%食品级乳清粉 对照组日粮).试验仔猪于断奶后饲喂7 d的早期隔离断奶(SEW)日粮和过渡日粮,然后按体重分组,并随机分配入一个日粮处理组.总的说来,乳糖组和食品级乳清粉组仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和第14天的体重均高于饲料级乳清粉日粮组的仔猪(P＜0.05),其他各日粮处理组仔猪在ADG和第14天体重上无显著差异.乳糖组、一水葡萄糖组和食品级乳清粉组仔猪每天的平均采食量均高于饲料级乳清粉搞组的仔猪(P＜0.05).食品级乳清粉组仔猪的饲料转化率优于一水葡萄糖组的仔猪(P＜0.05).经济效益分析表明,对照组仔猪每千克增重的成本最低(P＜0.01),随后依次是一水葡萄糖组、无水葡萄糖组、饲料级乳清粉组、乳糖组和食品级乳清粉组的仔猪.在扣除饲料成本后的经济收益(Margin-over-feed cost,MOF)上,对照组仔猪高于乳糖组、无水葡萄糖组或乳清粉组的仔猪(P＜0.05).试验2:选用352头初始体重7.756 kg的仔猪为试验猪,进行14 d的饲喂试验,以对7种不同来源的商品乳清粉进行评估.试验共分8个日粮处理组:对照组(玉米-豆粕型日粮)和7个乳清粉组,其中每个乳清粉组的日粮由对照组日粮 10%的不同来源的乳清粉(分别为A、B、C、D、E、F和G乳清粉)组成.试验仔猪在断奶后的最初5 d内喂给SEW日粮和过渡日粮,然后按体重分组,并随机分配到各个日粮处理组中.总的来看,A乳清粉组和E乳清粉组仔猪的平均日增重和第14天的体重均高于对照组、B乳清粉组和D乳清粉组的仔猪(P＜0.05),而G乳清粉组仔猪平均日增重居上述两种水平之间.E乳清粉组仔猪每天的平均采食量均高于对照组或B乳清粉组、C乳清粉组、D乳清粉组和G乳清粉组的仔猪(P＜0.05).A乳清粉组仔猪的饲料转化率优于对照组的仔猪(P＜0.05),其余各乳清粉组仔猪的耗料增重比居上述两种水平之间.经济效益分析表明,对照组仔猪每千克增重的成本最低(P＜0.01);在MOF方面,对照组仔猪高于B乳清粉组、D乳清粉组和G乳清粉组仔猪,A乳清粉组仔猪的MOF居上述两种水平之间,但高于B乳清粉组和D乳清粉组的仔猪(P＜0.05).总之,饲喂不同来源的乳清粉(或乳糖)和葡萄糖的仔猪在生长性能上存在着差异.当为保育仔猪配制饲料时,需要考虑乳糖源的品质、成本和相对饲喂价值.在某些情况下,尤其是当前乳清粉价格板高的情况下,给仔猪饲喂不添加乳糖的第二阶段开食日粮会造成其生长性能轻微下降,但可能会更经济. 相似文献
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This case report describes an 11-year-old Belgian Malinois dog with acute onset of cough caused by aspiration of barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) and pneumonia following an episode of suspected gastric dilation. Although bronchoscopic retrieval of the BIPS was largely unsuccessful, the dog recovered uneventfully, with most of the BIPS being coughed out and swallowed over a 1-month period. Aspiration of BIPS should be considered a potential complication of their administration. Furthermore, endoscopic removal of aspirated BIPS is challenging and may not be indicated because of their inert nature and possible self-clearance. 相似文献
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Groesbeck CN Goodband RD Tokach MD Dritz SS Nelssen JL DeRouchey JM 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(10):2492-2497
Two experiments evaluated effects of added pantothenic acid on performance of growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 156 pigs (PIC, initial BW = 25.7 kg) were used in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial to evaluate the effects of added pantothenic acid (PA; 0, 22.5, or 45 ppm), ractopamine.HCl (RAC; 0 or 10 mg/kg), and sex on growth performance and carcass traits. Pigs were fed increasing PA from 25.7 to 123.6 kg (d 0 to 98) and RAC for the last 28 d before slaughter. Increasing the amount of added PA had no effect (P > 0.40) on ADG, ADFI, or G:F from d 0 to 70. A PA x sex interaction (P < 0.03) was observed for ADG and G:F from d 71 to 98. Increasing the amount of added PA increased ADG and G:F in gilts, but not in barrows. Increasing the amount of added PA had no effect (P > 0.38) on carcass traits. Added RAC increased (P < 0.01) ADG and G:F for d 71 to 98 and d 0 to 98 and increased (P < 0.01) LM area and percentage lean. In Exp. 2, 1,080 pigs (PIC, initial BW = 40.4 kg, final BW = 123.6 kg) were used to determine the effects of increasing PA on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial finishing facility. Pigs were fed 0, 22.5, 45.0, or 90 mg/kg of added PA. Increasing the amount of added PA had no effect (P > 0.45) on ADG, ADFI, or G:F, and no differences were observed (P > 0.07) for carcass traits. In summary, adding dietary PA to diets during the growing-finishing phase did not provide any advantages in growth performance or carcass composition of growing-finishing pigs. Furthermore, it appears that the pantothenic acid in corn and soybean meal may be sufficient to meet the requirements of 25- to 120-kg pigs. 相似文献
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MA Beswick N Choi CN Harmer AD Hopkins M McPartlin DS Wright 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5382):1500-1501
Thermolysis of the heterobimetallic phosphinidene complex [Sb(PCy)3]2- Li6.6HNMe2 (Cy = C6H11) at 303 to 313 kelvin gives Zintl compounds containing (Sb7)3- anions. The complex thus constitutes a stable molecular single-source precursor to Zintl compounds and provides a potential low-temperature route to photoactive alkali metal antimonates. The new chemical reaction involved, which is driven thermodynamically by the formation of P-P bonds, has implications in the low-temperature synthesis of other technologically important materials (such as gallium arsenide). 相似文献
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Effect of Temporary Meiotic Attenuation of Oocytes with Butyrolactone I and Roscovitine in Resistance to Bovine Embryos on Vitrification 
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下载免费PDF全文 RRD Maziero CRF Guaitolini DM Paschoal T Kievitsbosch MD Guastali CN Moraes FC Landim‐Alvarenga 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(2):204-211
This study aimed to produce in vitro bovine embryos by the addition of two drugs, which is responsible for oocyte meiosis inhibition: roscovitine (ROS) and butyrolactone I (BL‐I). Oocytes were recovered from slaughtered cows and matured in a commercial medium and maintained in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Oocytes were maintained for 6 h in an in vitro maturation (IVM) medium containing ROS (12.5 μm ), BL‐I (50 μm ) and association of drugs (ROS 6.25 μm and BL‐I 25 μm ). Oocytes were cultured for 18 h in an agent‐free medium for the resumption of meiosis. After 24 h of maturation, oocytes were inseminated in the commercial in vitro fertilization (IVF) medium. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in SOFaa medium in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. On day 3, rate of cleavage was evaluated and on days 6 and 7, rate of blastocyst formation. BL‐I and its association with the ROS increased the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation (p < 0.05). The ROS alone was inefficient, impairing embryonic development, with low rates of blastocyst formation when compared to the control group and other treatments (p < 0.05). The embryos from BL‐I and ROS+BL‐I groups presented higher number of cells and lower rates of cellular apoptosis compared to other groups, either for the fresh or for post‐thawing embryos. Embryos from ROS+BL‐I group showed to be more resistant to the vitrification process, presenting a higher rate of embryonic re‐expansion (p < 0.05). In conclusion, block of meiosis using BL‐I or its association with ROS increased the rate of blastocyst formation, and the association of ROS+BL‐I resulted in a better resistance to the embryo cryopreservation process. 相似文献
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Lenehan NA DeRouchey JM Goodband RD Tokach MD Dritz SS Nelssen JL Groesbeck CN Lawrence KR 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(11):3013-3021
Four experiments were conducted with 730 weanling pigs to determine the effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) in diets for weanling pigs. Experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 14 postweaning and a common diet was fed from d 15 to 28 for Exp. 1, 2, and 3; experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 7 postweaning in Exp. 4. In Exp. 1, the 4 experimental diets included 1) a 0% soybean meal (SBM) diet containing animal protein sources; 2) a 40% SBM diet; or a 28.55% SPC (replacing the 40% SBM on a total Lys basis) diet from 3) source 1, or 4) source 2. Pigs fed diets containing either animal protein or 40% SBM had greater ADG and ADFI (P <0.05) than pigs fed either SPC source. In Exp. 2, the 5 experimental treatments included diets 2, 3, and 4 from Exp. 1, along with 14.28% SPC from each SPC source used in Exp. 1 (replacing half of the total Lys from the 40% SBM diet). From d 0 to 14 and d 0 to 28, the SPC source x level interaction was significant for ADG (P <0.01) and was a tendency for ADFI (P <0.07). Replacing SBM with SPC from source 1 did not affect pig performance. However, replacing SBM with SPC from source 2 resulted in an improvement (quadratic, P <0.05) in ADG for pigs fed the diet containing 14.3% SPC, but resulted in no benefit from replacing all the SBM with SPC. Replacing SBM with SPC from either source improved G:F (quadratic, P <0.01), with the greatest G:F observed for pigs fed the diets with 14.3% SPC. Experiment 3 evaluated increasing levels of source 2 SPC, with treatments consisting of 1) 0% (40% SBM); 2) 7.14%; 3) 14.28%; 4) 21.42%; and 5) 28.55% SPC. There was a tendency for increased ADG (quadratic, P <0.06) and increased ADFI (quadratic, P <0.04) as inclusion of SPC in the diet increased. The gain-to-feed ratio improved (linear, P <0.01) as the SPC level in the diet increased. Inclusion of approximately 14 to 21% SPC from source 2 maximized pig performance. In Exp. 4, pigs were offered a choice of consuming the diets containing 40% SBM or 28.6% SPC from source 2. Daily feed intake was greater (P <0.0001) for the SBM diet (186 g/d) than for the SPC diet (5 g/d). Our results suggest that replacing a portion, but not all, of the high-SBM diet with SPC from source 2, but not from source 1, improves pig performance. The poor intake of pigs fed high levels of SPC may indicate a palatability problem, thus limiting its inclusion in nursery pig diets. 相似文献
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Groesbeck CN McKinney LJ Derouchey JM Tokach MD Goodband RD Dritz SS Nelssen JL Duttlinger AW Fahrenholz AC Behnke KC 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(9):2228-2236
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of diets containing crude glycerol on pellet mill production efficiency and nursery pig growth performance. In a pilot study, increasing crude glycerol (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15%) in a corn-soybean meal diet was evaluated for pellet mill production efficiency. All diets were steam conditioned to 65.5 degrees C and pelleted through a pellet mill equipped with a die that had an effective thickness of 31.8 mm and holes 3.96 mm in diameter. Each diet was replicated by manufacturing a new batch of feed 3 times. Increasing crude glycerol increased both the standard (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) and modified (linear, P < 0.01; quadratic, P 相似文献
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Groesbeck CN Goodband RD Tokach MD Dritz SS Nelssen JL DeRouchey JM 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(7):1793-1798
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of mixing time (mixer efficiency) of diets containing several low-inclusion ingredients (crystalline AA, ZnO, a medication, and vitamin and trace mineral premixes) on growth performance of nursery pigs. In a pilot study, mixing efficiency of a 1,360-kg capacity, horizontal ribbon mixer was evaluated with salt of different particle sizes (440, 730, 2,000, and 3,000 microm). Sample preparation was evaluated by analyzing diet samples as collected (unground) or by grinding the entire sample to approximately 400 microm in particle size (ground). Diets (907 kg) were mixed, and samples were collected after 0, 30, 60, 120, 210, 330, 480, and 630 s of mixing. The coefficient of variation among 10 samples for each mixing time was used to measure mixer efficiency as determined by Cl concentration. A salt particle size x sample preparation x mixing time interaction was observed (P = 0.04). Samples with 2,000- or 3,000-microm salt particle size (unground or ground) never reached the desired mixing efficiency of a 10% CV. Using 440-microm salt (unground or ground) or 730-microm salt particle sizes (ground) was necessary to accurately achieve a mixing efficiency of a <10% CV within 330 and 630 s, respectively. Next, 180 weanling pigs (PIC, 6.31 +/- 0.84 kg of BW, 21 +/- 3 d of age) were fed diets in 2 phases (d 0 to 14 and d 14 to 28). Treatments consisted of mixing diets for 0, 30, 60, 120, or 330 s (440-microm salt particle size). Samples were collected in the mixer, and then each bag of feed (22.5 kg) was labeled (first to last as-manufactured) and sampled to determine the mixing efficiency. An individual bag of feed was fed to a single pen of pigs, and when finished, the next sequential bag was used. As mixing time increased, mixer CV were 178, 38, 26, 21, and 5% for phase 1 and 172, 79, 60, 48, and 26% for phase 2. As mixing time increased, bag CV values were 26, 20, 16, 11, and 7% for phase 1 and 56, 45, 40, 33, and 12% for phase 2. From d 0 to 14, increasing mixing time increased ADG (linear, P < 0.01) and G:F (quadratic, P = 0.03). From d 0 to 28, increasing mixing time increased ADG (quadratic, P < 0.01) and G:F (linear, P = 0.04). These data demonstrate that inadequate diet mixing (CV > 12%) reduces nursery pig performance. 相似文献
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CA Guymon EN Hoggan NA Clark TP Rieker DM Walba CN Bowman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5296):57-59
Photopolymerizable diacrylate monomers dissolved in fluid-layer smectic A and smectic C liquid crystal (LC) hosts exhibited significant spatial segregation and orientation that depend strongly on monomer structure. Small, flexible monomers such as 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) oriented parallel to the smectic layers and intercalated, whereas rod-shaped mesogen-like monomers such as 1,4-di-(4-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy)benzoyloxy)-2-methylbenzene (C6M) oriented normal to the smectic layers and collected within them. Such spatial segregation caused by the smectic layering dramatically enhanced photopolymerization rates; for HDDA, termination rates were reduced, whereas for C6M, both the termination and propagation rates were increased. These polymerization precursor structures suggest novel materials-design paradigms for gel LCs and nanophase-separated polymer systems. 相似文献
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