Antibody responses to avian encephalomyelitis virus vaccines when administered by different routes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D R Shafren  G A Tannock  P J Groves 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(11):272-275

Antibody responses to a commercial avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) vaccine administered by different routes were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Responses to single doses of vaccine administered by the ocular route to 10% of a flock were comparable with those obtained when all birds received a single dose in the drinking water. However, ocular vaccination of 5% of the flock resulted in significantly lower responses than those obtained when 10% were vaccinated. Maternal antibody was shown by the ELISA to persist in chickens from vaccinated flocks for up to 21 days after hatching. Day-old chickens with serum absorbances of < 0.3 at 492 nm, as determined by the ELISA, were shown to be susceptible to intracerebral challenge with the neurotropic Van Roekel strain of AEV.  相似文献   

Flow Cytometry Identification of X- and Y-Chromosome-Bearing Goat Spermatozoa   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

I Parrilla  JM Vazquez  J Roca  EA Martinez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(1):58-60

Flow cytometric sorting technology was used to measure the difference in DNA content between X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in bucks. Spermatozoa were analysed by flow cytometry to characterize X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm populations and to quantify the DNA difference between them. Two symmetrical, overlapping and clearly separated peaks, corresponding to X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa, were detected. The difference in fluorescence intensity between the peaks was 4.4 +/- 0.03% without any significant inter- or intra-animal variations. Therefore, the identification and selection of high-purity samples of sperm populations for sex sorting is easier in bucks compared with other domestic species.  相似文献   

Key Factors Affecting Reproductive Success of Thoroughbred Mares and Stallions on a Commercial Stud Farm          下载免费PDF全文

EA Lane  MLJ Bijnen  M Osborne  SJ More  ISF Henderson  P Duffy  MA Crowe 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(2):181-187

To evaluate factors contributing to fertility of thoroughbred mares, data from 3743 oestrous periods of 2385 mares were collected on a large thoroughbred farm in Ireland. Fourteen stallions (mean age 8.3 years; range 4–15 years) had bred 2385 mares (mean age 9.4 years; range 3–24 years). Maiden mares accounted for 12%, mares with a foal at foot for 64%, and barren, slipped or rested mares for 24% of the total. The mean pregnancy rate per cycle was 67.8% (68.6% in year 1 and 66.9% in year 2). Backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to develop two models to evaluate mare factors, including mare age, reproductive status, month of foaling, dystocia, month of cover, foal heat, cycle number, treatments, walk‐in status and stallion factors including stallion identity, stallion age, shuttle status, time elapsed between covers and high stallion usage on the per cycle pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss. Old age (p < 0.001) and cover within 20 days post‐partum (p < 0.003) were associated with lowered pregnancy rates. High mare age (p < 0.05) and barren, slipped or rested reproductive status (p = 0.05) increased the likelihood of pregnancy loss. Uterine inflammation or infection, if appropriately treated, did not affect fertility. Only high usage of stallions (used more than 21 times in previous week) was associated with lowered (p = 0.009) pregnancy rates. However, shuttle stallions were more likely to have increased (p = 0.035) pregnancy survival, perhaps reflecting a bias in stallion selection. In conclusion, mare age exerted the greatest influence on fertility; nonetheless, thoroughbreds can be effectively managed to achieve high reproductive performance in a commercial setting.  相似文献   

Phytophthora infestans Populations from Tomato and Potato in North Carolina Differ in Genetic Diversity and Structure     

Wangsomboondee T  Groves CT  Shoemaker PB  Cubeta MA  Ristaino JB 《Phytopathology》2002,92(11):1189-1195

ABSTRACT Phytophthora infestans causes a destructive disease on tomato and potato. In North Carolina (NC) potatoes are mostly grown in the east, whereas tomatoes are grown in the mountainous areas in the western part of the state. Five genotypes of P. infestans were identified from 93 and 157 isolates collected from tomato and potato over a 5 year period between 1993 and 1998. All isolates collected from potato in eastern NC were the US-8 genotype, whereas only a single isolate was the US-1 genotype. Tuber blight was found on immature daughter tubers in a single field in 1997, however infection on mature tubers was not observed. Within potato fields, a range of sensitivity to metalaxyl was observed among isolates but all were either intermediate or highly resistant to the fungicide. In contrast, isolates from tomatoes included previously reported US-7 and US-8 genotypes and two new genotypes called US-18 and US-19 (A2 mating type, allozyme genotype Gpi 100/100 and Pep 92/100). These genotypes had unique restriction fragment length polymorphism banding patterns, were sensitive to metalaxyl, and have not been reported elsewhere. All genotypes, with the exception of the US-1, were the Ia mitochondrial haplotype. Thus, isolates of P. infestans from tomato were more genetically diverse over time in NC than those from potato and include two new genotypes that are sensitive to metalaxyl.  相似文献   

Public health education of veterinarians and veterinary students for the future     

Groves MG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,217(12):1831-1833

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Effects of delmadinone acetate on pituitary-adrenal function, glucose tolerance and growth hormone in male dogs     

EA COURT  ADJ WATSON  DB CHURCH  DR EMSLIE 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(8):555-560

Objective To characterise the effects of delmadinone acetate on the pituitary-adrenal axis, glucose tolerance and growth hormone concentration in normal male dogs and dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Design A prospective study involving nine normal male dogs and seven with prostatic hyperplasia.
Procedure Delmadinone acetate was administered to six normal male dogs and seven dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia at recommended dose rates (1.5 mg/kg subcuta-neously at 0, 1 and 4 weeks). Three normal controls received saline at the same intervals. Blood concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, glucose, insulin and growth hormone were measured over 50 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance and ACTH response tests were performed before and after treatment in the nine normal animals.
Results A substantial suppression of basal and 2 h post-ACTH plasma cortisol secretion was demonstrated after one dose in all dogs given delmadinone acetate. Individual responses after the second and third administration varied between recovery in adrenal responsiveness to continued suppression. Plasma ACTH concentration was also diminished after one treatment. No effects were evident on glucose tolerance or serum growth hormone concentrations.
Conclusion Delmadinone acetate causes adrenal suppression from inhibition of release of ACTH from the pituitary gland. Treated dogs may be at risk of developing signs of glucocorticoid insufficiency if subjected to stressful events during or after therapy. Neither glucose intolerance nor hyper-somatotropism seems likely in male dogs given delmadinone acetate at the recommended dose rate, but the potential for excessive growth hormone secretion in treated bitches remains undetermined.  相似文献   

Effect of pre-steaming on moisture gradients,dryinag stresses and sets,and face checking in regrowth Eucalyptus pilularis Sm.     

P. N. Alexiou  J. F. Marchant  K. W. Groves 《Wood Science and Technology》1990,24(2):201-209

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Lipid Droplet Analysis Using In Vitro Bovine Oocytes and Embryos     

EA Ordoñez‐Leon  H Merchant  A Medrano  M Kjelland  S Romo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(2):306-314

The aim of this study was to quantify the content of lipid droplets in bovine oocytes and embryos from Bos indicus (Bi), Bos taurus (Bt) and Bos indicus × Bos taurus (Bi × Bt). Oocytes were aspirated post‐mortem and subjected to in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro development; the medium employed at each stage (TCM‐199, TALP, SOF) was supplemented with (i) serum replacement (SR), (ii) foetal calf serum (FCS) or (iii) oestrous cow serum (ECS). The structure and distribution of the lipid droplets were established using electron microscopy, but were quantified using an optical microscope on semi‐fine toluidine blue‐stained sections. The highest percentage of embryos corresponded to those produced with FCS and ECS, which differed from embryos generated with SR (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of morulae and the lowest percentage of blastocysts were obtained with the SR supplement (p < 0.05). The oocytes cultured in FCS demonstrated a higher number of lipid droplets compared to those cultured in SR and ECS (p < 0.05). Less accumulation of lipids was observed in embryos supplemented with SR. The lowest and highest numbers of lipid droplets in oocytes corresponded to the Bi and Bt strain, respectively. The lowest amount of lipid droplets in embryos was observed in Bi (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of the in vitro development culture medium (synthetic oviduct fluid) with a synthetic substitute serum produced similar results in terms of embryo development compared to those obtained with FCS, but a decreased degree of lipid droplet accumulation was observed in the in vitro‐cultured embryos.  相似文献   

Retrospective study of 60 cases of feline lymphosarcoma     

EA COURT  ADJ WATSON  AE PEASTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(6):424-427

Objective To characterise epidemiological and clinical findings, and diagnostic procedures undertaken, in cats with lymphosarcoma at a veterinary teaching hospital.
Design Retrospective case study.
Procedure Hospital records were reviewed for 7159 cats, sick or healthy, examined during a 10-year period (1984 to 1994). Sixty cats with lymphosarcoma were identified and classified by anatomical location of the tumour. Data on breed, age, sex, clinical signs and diagnostic procedures were collated.
Results The prevalence of feline lymphosarcoma in the hospital population was 0.84%. Siamese cats appeared predisposed to lymphosarcoma but other purebreds were not. Males were somewhat overrepresented amongst affected cats. Similar numbers of cases (12 to 18) were seen in each of the four anatomic categories (multicentric, mediastinal, alimentary and extranodal). Cats with mediastinal lymphosarcoma were mostly young and Siamese. Clinical signs in affected cats were varied, usually multiple and often nonspecific. Two of 22 cases tested positive for feline leukaemia virus antigen in blood and 6 of 13 were positive for feline immunodeficiency virus antibody.
Conclusions Extranodal lymphosarcoma seemed more prevalent in this study than reported elsewhere. Siamese cats in the study population may have had a genetic predisposition to lymphosarcoma. Limited evidence suggested feline leukaemia virus may be less important, and feline immunodeficiency virus more important, in the local population than indicated in overseas reports. Additional studies are needed to investigate breed predisposition and feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus status in Australian cats with lymphosarcoma.  相似文献   

Are some weeds sleeping? Some concepts and reasons     

R. H. Groves 《Euphytica》2006,148(1-2):111-120

Summary Sleeper weeds, a relatively new concept, are defined as a sub-group of invasive plant species for which their population sizes are known to have increased significantly more than 50 years after they became naturalized. The invasions of the European herb Hieracium pilosella into New Zealand, the northeast Asian Fallopia japonica and the Sicilian Senecio squalidus into Britain are presented as well-documented examples of sleeper weeds. While the concept of sleeper weeds has gained some acceptance with weed managers, its application remains a retrospective activity at present. Genetic factors, environmental suitability and anthropogenic disturbance are discussed as they affect sleeper weed status. Accurate botanical records for invasive species over long periods of time are relatively rare and limit documentation of the phenomenon. Some mathematical and ecological problems remain with the concept and its wider application to weed invasion, including the adequacy of the species level for determining sleeper weed status in genetically diverse and widely distributed groups of invasive plants.  相似文献