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ROGER PETTIGREW HELENA RYLANDER TOBIAS SCHWARZ 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(3):276-278
Brain magnetic resonance images from 42 dogs imaged between 2002 and 2007 were reviewed retrospectively to establish the incidence of trigeminal nerve contrast enhancement. These dogs had otherwise normal MR images and no clinical evidence of trigeminal nerve disease. Contrast enhancement of the entire trigeminal nerve was seen in 39 dogs and in the region of the trigeminal ganglion in all 42 dogs. When contrast enhancement of the trigeminal nerve was observed, the intensity was subjectively less than or equal to that of the pituitary gland. Contrast enhancement of the trigeminal nerve was seen in 42 dogs with no clinical evidence of trigeminal nerve pathology. 相似文献
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14C-5(ring)-metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as triazin-5(4H)-one] metabolism was studied in ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Chipbelle’ potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars after root treatment in hydroponic solution. Plants were treated at the four- to five-leaf stage and harvested 1, 4, and 8 days later. Extraction was made by homogenizing dried samples in 80% methanol and partitioning against diethyl ether. Metabolites were partially characterized by thin-layer chromatography (t.l.c.) and compared to known standard chemicals, except for conjugates for which we had no synthetic standards. Ether-soluble chemicals [metribuzin and diketo (DK), deaminated (DA), and deaminated diketo (DADK) forms] comprised 55, 37, and 36% of the total 14C in Chipbelle plants and in Russet Burbank 30, 15, and 13% at 1, 4, and 8 days, respectively. Metribuzin and DK, DA, and DADK were present in all organs of each cultivar, but Russet Burbank leaves had only 5% as much free metribuzin as did Chipbelle. Most radioactivity in the leaves was a conjugate form which comprised 81 and 46% of the total 14C in Russet Burbank and Chipbelle leaf blades at 8 days, respectively. There were five water-soluble conjugates separated which included two ninhydrin-reacting compounds and three conjugates reacting as sugars. The major foliar conjugates reacted as sugars and the major root conjugates reacted as peptides or amino acid for both cultivars. Terminal (insoluble) residues comprised 63 and 66% of total radioactivity in roots of Russet Burbank and Chipbelle, respectively after 4 or 8 days. The major mechanism of Russet Burbank tolerance to metribuzin is conjugation of metribuzin or DA, DK, or DADK derivatives to plant sugars or peptides. Mécanisme de tolérance à la métribuzine; le métabolisme de l'herbicide—base de la sélectivité sur pommes de terre Le mécanisme du métabolisme de la C14 métribuzine [4-amino-6-tert butyl-3- (methylthio)-as triazine 5 (4H)-one] a étéétudié sur les cultures de pommes de terre ‘Russet Burbank’ et ‘Chipbelle’ après traitement des racines dans une solution hydroponique. Les plants étaient traités au stade 4–5 feuilles et récoltes 1, 4 et 8 jours plus tard. L'extraction était faite à partir d'échantillons secs homogènes dans une solution à 80% de méthanol et séparés par du diéthylether. Les métabolites ont été en partie caractérisées par chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM) et comparés à des standards chimiques, excepté pour les composés pour lesquels il n'y a pas de standards de synthèse. Les substances chimiques solubles dans l'éther [métribuzine et diketo (DK), formes désaminèes (DA) et formes diketo désaminées (DADK)] comprenaient 55, 37 et 36% du total du C14 dans les plants Chipbelle et 30, 15 et 13% dans les Russet Burbank à respectivement 1, 4 et 8 jours. Metribuzine et DK, DA et DADK étaient présents dans tous les organes de chaque cultivarmais les feuilles de Russet Burbank avaient seulement 5% de la quantité de métribuzine libre présente dans Chipbelle. La plus grande partie de la radioactivité dans les feuilles était liée à une forme conjuguée comprenant respectivement 81 et 46%, du C14 total dans les limbes des feuilles de Russet Burbank et de Chipbelle. II y avait 5 composés solubles dans I'eau qui comprenaient 2 composés réagissant à la ninhydrine et 3 composés réagissant comme des sucres. La majeure partie des composés foliaires réagissait comme des sucres et la majeure partie des composés racinaires comme des peptides et des aeides aminés pour les deux cultivars. Les résidus finaux (insolubles) comprenaient respectivement 63 et 66%, de la radioactivité totale dans les racines de Russet Burbank et Chipbelle après 4 ou 8 jours. Le principal mécanisme de la tolérance de Russet Burbank à la métribuzine est la conjugaison de la métribuzine ou des dérivés DA, DK ou DADK aux sucres ou peptides de la plante. Mechanismus der Toleranz gegenüber Metribuzin: Herbizid-Metabolismus als Basis der Toleranz der Kartoffel (Solanum tuberosum L.) Der Metabolismus von 14C-ringmarkiertem Metribuzin wurde durch Applikation in Hydroponik an den Kartoffelsorten ‘Russet Burbank’ und ‘Chipbelle’ untersucht. Die Pflanzen wurden im 4- bis 5-Blatt-Stadium behandelt, und I, 4 und 8 Tage später wurden Proben entnommen, die nach dem Trocknen mit 80% igem Methanol extrahiert und in die Diethylätherphase überführt wurden. Die Metaboliten wurden teilweise dünnschicht chromatographisch im Vergleich zu bekannten Standards charakterisiert. Die etherlöslichen Stoffe [Metribuzin sowie die Diketo-(DK), die deaminierte (DA) und die deaminerte Diketoform (DADK)] ergaben bei den 3 Probe-nahmeterminen 55, 37 und 36% des gesamten 14C bei der Sorte ‘Chipbelle’ bzw. 30, 15 und 13% bei ‘Russet Burbank’. Das Metribuzin sowie DK, DA und DADK waren in allen Pflanzenteilen zu finden, aber die ‘Russet-Burbank’-Blätter enthielten nur 5% der Metribuzinmenge bei ‘Chipbelle’. Die Hauptaktivität lag in den Blättern (8 Tage nach der Applikation) in konjugierter Form vor und representierte 81% der Gesamtaktivität bei ‘Russet Burbank’, 46% bei ‘Chipbelte’. Es wurden 5 wasserlösliche Verbindungen gefunden, von denen 2 auf Ninhydrin reagierten und 3 als Zucker identifiziert wurden. Bei beiden Sorten waren die meisten Verbindungen in den Blättern Zucker, in den Wurzeln Peptide oder Aminosäuren. Die unlöslichen Rückstände der Proben enthielten beim 2. und 3. Probenahmelermin 63 bzw. 66%, der gesamten 14C-Aktivität. Der wichtigste Mechanismus der Toleranz von ‘Russel Burbank’ gegenüber Metribuzin besteht in der Bindung des Wirkstoffs oder der Metabolite DA, DK und DADK an Zucker oder Peptide. 相似文献
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DANIEL RODRIGUEZ HELENA RYLANDER KARL K. VIGEN WILLIAM M. ADAMS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(5):477-482
Eight neurologically normal beagles were imaged using three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in a 3 T magnetic resonance scanner. Four of the eight dogs were also imaged using a 1 T unit for comparison. Ten intracranial arteries were consistently identified at 3 T: external and internal carotid, basilar, vertebral, rostral cerebral, middle cerebral, caudal cerebral, rostral communicating, caudal communicating, and ventral spinal arteries. Only four were reliably identified at 1 T with diagnostic spatial and contrast resolution. At 3 T, vessels as small as 1 mm were reliably detected. Vessel conspicuity was superior using the 3 T system. An anatomic atlas of the canine circulus arteriosus cerebri using a 3 T scan was constructed. The effect of MRA parameters on vascular spatial resolution and conspicuity are reviewed. 相似文献
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Moreno LA González-Gross M Kersting M Molnár D de Henauw S Beghin L Sjöström M Hagströmer M Manios Y Gilbert CC Ortega FB Dallongeville J Arcella D Wärnberg J Hallberg M Fredriksson H Maes L Widhalm K Kafatos AG Marcos A;HELENA Study Group 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(3):288-299
OBJECTIVES: To identify the main knowledge gaps and to propose research lines that will be developed within the European Union-funded 'Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence' (HELENA) project, concerning the nutritional status, physical fitness and physical activity of adolescents in Europe. DESIGN: Review of the currently existing literature. RESULTS: The main gaps identified were: lack of harmonised and comparable data on food intake; lack of understanding regarding the role of eating attitudes, food choices and food preferences; lack of harmonised and comparable data on levels and patterns of physical activity and physical fitness; lack of comparable data about obesity prevalence and body composition; lack of comparable data about micronutrient and immunological status; and lack of effective intervention methodologies for healthier lifestyles. CONCLUSIONS: The HELENA Study Group should develop, test and describe harmonised and state-of-the-art methods to assess the nutritional status and lifestyle of adolescents across Europe; develop and evaluate an intervention on eating habits and physical activity; and develop and test new healthy food products attractive for European adolescents. 相似文献
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SOPHIE E. DENNISON RANDI DREES HELENA RYLANDER BRIAN S. YANDELL MILAN MILOVANCEV ROGER PETTIGREW TOBIAS SCHWARZ 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2010,51(3):254-258
Forty‐six dogs with either cervical (C1–C5 or C6–T2) or thoracolumbar (T3–L3) acute myelopathy underwent prospective conventional computed tomography (CT), angiographic CT, myelography, and CT myelography. Findings were confirmed at either surgery or necropsy. Seventy‐eight percent of lesions were extradural, 11% were extradural with an intramedullary abnormality, 7% were intramedullary, 2% were intradural–extramedullary, and 2% had nerve root compression without spinal cord compression. Intervertebral disc herniation was the most frequent abnormality regardless of signalment or neurolocalization. Twenty‐one of 23 Hansen type I disc extrusions but none of the Hansen type II disc protrusions were mineralized. Two chondrodystrophic dogs had acute myelopathy attributable to extradural hemorrhage and subarachnoid cyst. CT myelography had the highest interobserver agreement, was the most sensitive technique for identification of compression, demonstrating lesions in 8% of dogs interpreted as normal from myelography and enabling localization and lateralization in 8% of lesions incompletely localized on myelography due to concurrent spinal cord swelling. None of the imaging techniques evaluated permitted definitive diagnosis of spinal cord infarction or meningomyelitis but myelography and CT myelography did rule out a surgical lesion in those cases. While conventional CT was adequate for the diagnosis and localization of mineralized Hansen type I disc extrusions in chondrodystrophic breeds, if no lesion was identified, plegia was present due to concurrent extradural compression and spinal cord swelling, or the dog was nonchondrodystrophic, CT myelography was often necessary for correct diagnosis. 相似文献
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HELENA T. NYMAN ANNEMARIE T. KRISTENSEN MARCEL H. LEE TORBEN MARTINUSSEN FINTAN J. MCEVOY 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(2):192-198
Superficial tumors are not routinely evaluated by two- or three-dimensional diagnostic imaging methods as part of the staging of canine cancer patients, although superficial tumors are readily imaged by ultrasound. The objectives of this study were to characterize the ultrasonographic patterns of superficial tumors and to evaluate whether ultrasound can help discriminate between benign and malignant tumors in dogs. Superficial tumors (n=132) in 86 dogs were evaluated by B mode, color flow mapping, and spectral Doppler ultrasonography. Size, echogenicity, tumor border definition, invasiveness, acoustic transmission, presence and distribution of vascular flow to and within the tumor, as well as perfusion indices were measured. The tumors were classified as lipomas, benign tumors, atypical mammary tumors, and malignant tumors. Multivariate statistics using discriminant analysis was used to determine which parameters may be used to predict the status of the tumor. Tumor echogenicity, border shape, acoustic shadowing, total number of vessels to the tumor and the total flow amount are the parameters that in combination resulted in the lowest classification error (24%), meaning that on average three out of four tumors were correctly classified using these parameters. All the lipomas and atypical mammary tumors were classified correctly by ultrasonography. The results of this study show that ultrasonography has an important role in the evaluation of canine superficial tumors, particularly in the evaluation of tissue homogeneity and tumor vascularity. 相似文献
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