Revised methodology for a blood-clotting response test for identification of warfarin-resistant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A. D. MAcNICOLL  J. E. GILL 《EPPO Bulletin》1993,23(4):701-707

A blood-clotting response test for warfarin resistance in Norway rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) was developed by our laboratory in the late 1970s, based on knowledge of biochemical mechanisms available at that time. That test used warfarin, its the free base which is not watersoluble, and vitamin K₁ 2,3-epoxide as an antidote for warfarin-resistant rats only. We have modified the above test to use a water-soluble salt of vitamin K₃ (1 mg kgg⁻¹ body weight), which is an antidote in a wider range of warfarin-resistant rat strains than vitamin K₁ 2,3- epoxide, and a water-soluble salt of warfarin (5.4 mg kg⁻¹ body weight). Sodium warfarin and vitamin K₃ are administered by oral gavage, and the blood-clotting response measured 24 h later. In a series of validation tests there were no significant differences between results obtained by either method. The new method, however, uses materials which are commercially available, and eliminates the possibility of misclassifying warfarin-resistant rats as susceptible because vitamin K₁ 2,3-epoxide was not an antidote in those strains. We also present evidence that measuring blood-clotting response to feeding on a vitamin K-free diet for 4 days is not a reliable method for determining the genotype of warfarin-resistant rats.  相似文献   

Hepatic vasculopathy and encephalopathy in Brahman-type calves     

PA GILL  WL TOWNSEND 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(2):69-69

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Microfilaraemia in Australian native birds     

GP REPPAS  WJ HARTLEY  PA GILL 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(9):356-357

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Parasitism in a rusa deer herd grazing irrigated pasture     

I J GILL  D J OVEREND  L S BARNES 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(3):97-98

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Morphological, cytological and ecological discrimination of Bromus rigidus from Bromus diandrus     

G. S. GILL  S. A. CARSTAIRS 《Weed Research》1988,28(5):399-405

Morphological characters of different populations of brome found in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia (Geraldton) pointed to the presence of Bromus diandrus and another taxon, most likely B. rigidus. This was later confirmed by the counts of somatic chromosomes made from root meristems of seedlings from different accessions. This is the first report of B. rigidus from Western Australia, and observations so far suggest that it is a serious weed of crops on the sandplains of the northern wheat-belt. The accessions of B. diandrus exhibited a much faster loss of seed dormancy than B. rigidus. Such short duration of seed dormancy coupled with rapid germination of non-dormant seeds of B. diandrus is likely to render it both more prone to premature germination following summer rainfall events and more susceptible to pre-sowing cultural and herbicide treatments following break of the season. Bromus rigidus appears to be well adapted to the Mediterranean climate of the northern wheat-belt of Western Australia, and is more likely to demonstrate seed carryover from one season to the next, thus making it a more troublesome weed.  相似文献   

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN THE CONTROL OF AN OUTBREAK OF ANTHRAX IN DAIRY COWS     

I. J. GILL 《Australian veterinary journal》1982,58(5):214-215

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Studies of hemorrhagic syndromes in chickens     

COVER MS  MELLEN WJ  GILL E 《The Cornell veterinarian》1955,45(3):366-386

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DEMONSTRATION OF BRUCELLA OVIS INFECTION IN A BILATERAL CRYPTORCHID RAM   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. W. BURGESS  M. G. BARTON  I. J. GILL 《Australian veterinary journal》1981,57(6):308-308

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Influence of Apoptosis in Bovine Embryo's Development     

G Antunes  A Chaveiro  P Santos  A Marques  HS Jin  F Moreira da Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(1):26-32

The correlation between apoptosis and early bovine embryonic loss is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, the relationship between the arrest of bovine embryos at the different stages of development and apoptosis was evaluated. We used embryos 7 days after in vitro maturation and fertilization, and morphologic and biochemical apoptotic analyses were performed by using a phase contrast microscope and by the terminal transferase dUTP nick end‐labelling respectively. For the statistic, the apoptotic cell ratio (ACR) was determined as the percentage of apoptotic cells per embryo. To evaluate the relation between ACR and fragmentation pattern, embryos were divided into five groups, groups I–V. To assess the relation between ACR and cytoplasmatic fragmentation, embryos were divided into three groups, according to the fragmentation percentage (<5%; 5–15% and >15%). Of the total 139 embryos included, 65 arrested at 2–8 cells; 14 arrested at 9–16 cells; 18 compacted morula and 42 were non‐arrested blastocysts. The average number of embryonic fragmentation at different stages of the development, 2–8 cells, 9–16 cells, compacted morula and blastocyst, was 16.0 ± 1.5, 28.7 ± 4.4, 4.4 ± 2.4 and 1 ± 0.3 respectively. The embryos at the stage of arrested 9–16 cells and compacted morula had higher ACR than those at the blastocyst stage, excluding the stage of 2–8 cells (the genome is not yet active). The correlation detected between embryonic development and ACR was 0.92 (p < 0.01). It was observed that embryos possessing high fragmentation showed the higher ACR value (r = 0.98, p < 0.05). Comparing the results between fragmentation percentage and ACR, it was observed that the embryos with higher percentage of fragmentation corresponded to higher ACR (r = 0.97, p < 0.01). These results clearly demonstrated that bovine embryonic arrest at different stages of development is correlated with the apoptotic mechanisms.  相似文献   

Ameliorative Effects of Melatonin against Hydrogen Peroxide‐Induced Oxidative Stress on Boar Sperm Characteristics and Subsequent In Vitro Embryo Development     

HY Jang  YH Kim  BW Kim  IC Park  HT Cheong  JT Kim  CK Park  HS Kong  HK Lee  BK Yang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):943-950

Melatonin, the major secretory product of the pineal gland, scavenges a variety of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in vivo and in vitro, indicating that melatonin is a potent function as an antioxidant. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on sperm characteristics (motility, viability, survival rate, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and mitochondria activity) and also to examine the developmental rates to the blastocysts stage of porcine oocytes fertilized in vitro with semen treated with or without melatonin (100 nm ) in the presence or absence of H₂O₂ (250 μm ). The sperm were treated with melatonin in the presence or absence of H₂O₂ for 3, 6, 9 and 12 h at 37°C and then analysed for the sperm characteristics. The porcine embryos were produced by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) using semen treated with or without melatonin (100 nm ) in the presence or absence of H₂O₂ (250 μm ) for 6 h. The semen characteristics, including motility, viability, survival rate, membrane integrity and mitochondria activity, were higher in the groups that were treated with melatonin in comparison to other groups, irrespective of incubation periods. Malondialdehyde levels in control, melatonin and melatonin + H₂O₂ groups were lower than H₂O₂ only group. A positive correlation was shown among motility, viability, survival rate and membrane integrity, but a negative correlation was observed between LPO and the other evaluation methods. The developmental rates to blastocysts of IVM/IVF porcine oocytes fertilized by semen treated with melatonin were significantly increased compared with any other groups, with the cell number of blastocysts shown to have a similar trend to the developmental rates. These results demonstrate that melatonin can improve the semen characteristics during in vitro storage and support the developmental ability of IVM/IVF embryos in pigs.  相似文献