MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE EQUINE STIFLE     

Susan J.  Holcombe  VMD  MS  Alicia L.  Bertone  DVM  PhD  David S.  Biller  DVM  Valerie  Haider  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(2):119-125

The purpose of this study was to define normal gross anatomic structures in the equine stifle with magnetic resonance images. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were made in sagittal, 15° supinated, transverse, and dorsal planes of two equine stifles. The MR images were scrutinized by comparing MR images to dissection specimens and frozen cross sections of stifle joints. Sagittal and 15° supinated images were the most valuable in assessing articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and soft tissue structures within the joint. Cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral menisci, meniscotibial and meniscofemoral ligaments, long digital extensor tendon, and patellar ligaments were easily evaluated. MR images provided substantially more gross anatomical information than the currently available imaging modalities.  相似文献   

Morphological characterization and immunohistochemical detection of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-17A,and TNF-α in lung lesions associated with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia     

Anja Sterner-Kock  Wolfram Haider  Flavio Sacchini  Anne Liljander  Jochen Meens  Jane Poole  Maria Guschlbauer  Martin Heller  Jan Naessens  Joerg Jores 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(3):569-576

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Towards developing resistance to chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing using multiplexed gRNAs     

Malik  Muniba Abid Munir  Haider  Muhammad Saleem  Zhai  Ying  Khan  Muhammad Azmat Ullah  Pappu  Hanu R. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2023,130(1):23-33

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Mastreviruses are an emerging group of viruses transmitted by leafhoppers and infect both monocot and dicot plants. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus...  相似文献   

Social effects on crowding preferences of urban forest visitors     

Arne Arnberger  Wolfgang Haider 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2005,3(3-4):125-136

An image-based stated choice approach was used to investigate the conditions determining why visitors to an urban forest in Vienna feel crowded or not. Respondents (N=213) evaluated several sets of images depicting trail use scenarios with different levels of social crowding conditions and several types of social interferences. Forest users were segmented into three groups based on their global evaluations of use levels during weekends and work days, resulting in a crowding-averse, a crowding-tolerant, and a crowding-indifferent segment. Crowding-averse respondents reacted much more negatively to scenarios with high-use levels, heterogeneous trail use conditions, and violations of personal minimum spatial requirements caused by the presence of others. This user group felt overcrowded because social conditions experienced in the area interfered with their main visiting goals, especially to walk with their dog unleashed and to recreate. By contrast, crowding-tolerant respondents disliked very low-use and high-use situations, and preferred a certain amount of social stimulation in the form of some encounters, and more heterogeneous trail use conditions.  相似文献   

Effect of montmorillonite and humate on growth and metabolic activity of some actinomycetes     

J.P. Martin  Z. Filip  K. Haider 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1976,8(5):409-413

In well-aerated culture solutions Ca-montmorillonite at 0.25% concentration markedly accelerated and increased growth, glucose consumption and CO₂ evolution by various Streptomyces, Micromonospora and Nocardia species. The montmorillonite was a little more active than Ca-humate and was usually still but somewhat less effective when confined to dialysis tubing. Ca-exchange resin, Na₂SiO₃ and finely powdered CaCO₃ exerted very little or no effect. In many cultures the relation of glucose consumption to biomass formation indicated a more efficient use of the glucose C for cell synthesis in the presence of clay. In other cultures the greater biomass formation was associated with a more rapid and complete utilization of the glucose present.  相似文献   

Dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen in deep soil profile and crop yields under long-term fertilization in wheat-maize cropping system          下载免费PDF全文

Muhammad QASWAR  LI Dong-chu  HUANG Jing  HAN Tian-fu  Waqas AHMED  Sehrish ALI  Muhammad Numan KHAN  Zulqarnain Haider KHAN  XU Yong-mei  LI Qian  ZHANG Hui-min  WANG Bo-ren  Ahmad TAUQEER 《农业科学学报》2022,21(3):826-839

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) are two of the most important indicators for agricultural productivity. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the changes in SOC and N in the deep soil profile (up to 100 cm) and their relationships with crop productivity under the influence of long-term (since 1990) fertilization in the wheat-maize cropping system. Treatments included CK (control), NP (inorganic N and phosphorus (P) fertilizers), NPK (inorganic N, P and potassium fertilizers), NPKM (NPK plus manure), and M (manure). Crop yield and the properties of topsoil were measured yearly from 2001 to 2009. C and N contents were measured at five different depths in 2001 and 2009. The results showed that wheat and maize yields decreased between 2001 and 2009 under the inorganic fertilizer (NP and NPK) treatments. The average yield between 2001 and 2009 under the NP, NPK, NPKM, and M treatments (compared with the CK treatment) increased by 38, 115, 383, and 381%, respectively, for wheat and 348, 891, 2 738, and 1 845%, respectively, for maize. Different long-term fertilization treatments significantly changed coarse free particulate (cfPOC), fine free particulate (ffPOC), intramicroaggregate particulate (iPOC), and mineral-associated (mSOC) organic carbon fractions. In the experimental years of 2001 and 2009, soil fractions occurred in the following order for all treatments: mSOC>cfPOC>iPOC>ffPOC. All fractions were higher under the manure application treatments than under the inorganic fertilization treatments. Compared to the inorganic fertilization treatments, manure input enhanced the stocks of SOC and total N in the surface layer (0–20 cm) but decreased SOC and N in the deep soil layer (80–100 cm). This reveals the efficiency of manure in increasing yield productivity and decreasing risk of vertical loss of nutrients, especially N, compared to inorganic fertilization treatments. The findings provide opportunities for understanding deep soil C and N dynamics, which could help mitigate climate change impact on agricultural production and maintain soil health.  相似文献   

Comparisons of soil organic matter and its fractions by pyrolysis mass-spectrometry     

C. Saiz-Jimenez  K. Haider  H.L.C. Meuzelaar 《Geoderma》1979,22(1):25-37

Pyrolysis mass-spectra from a sample of the A₁-horizon of a soil from southern Spain showed predominant peaks related to furan derivatives similar to those observed from complex polysaccharides in which not only hexoses but also pentoses and deoxyhexoses were constituent units. Smaller peaks, typical for protein materials and phenolic units, were also observed. On the other hand, typical peaks for the methoxyphenols of lignins were very small and indicated only limited amounts of undecomposed lignin residues in this soil sample. Peaks related to benzene or toluene were also very small.Humic acid samples from this soil showed much more prominent signals related to protein materials, benzene and phenolic derivatives and weaker polysaccharide-related signals than did the entire sample. Typical lignin related peaks were small or insignificant. Spectra from the grey or brown humidic acid fractions were much like those of the parent humic acid. Brown humic acid, however, showed stronger signals for nitrogen and sulphur compounds, indicating a higher content of protein-like materials in this fraction. Preparations of humic acid hydrolyzed by 6 N HCl showed in their pyrolysis products a marked increase in phenols and methoxyphenols.In its pyrogram, humin resembled humic acid, but signals for complex polysaccharides were more evident. Lignin-like materials seem not to be higher in this fraction. Hymatomelanic acid showed prominent signals related to polysaccharides and lignin. Pyrograms from the soil polysaccharides showed the characteristic pattern of a complex polysaccharide with the presence of fragments from polymers of amino acids or amino sugars. Fulvic acid spectra showed obvious dissimilarities to those from humic acid in that signals for protein, as well as those related to phenols, were low. Depending upon the isolation method, the fulvic acid preparations showed differing signals related to polysaccharide or phenolic materials.  相似文献   

Characterization of cultivation effects on soil organic matter     

H.-R. Schulten  R. Hempfling  K. Haider  F. F. Grblinghoff  H.-D. Lüdemann  R. Fründ 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1990,153(2):97-105

Humus properties in various Ap horizons from field plots, that have been cultivated in long-term experiments under different management conditions, were investigated by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The results of Py-FIMS were evaluated by correlation and principal component analysis from reproducible data sets of bulk soil samples and extracted humic substances, and allowed a distinct discrimination on the basis of humus quality and composition. The chemical subunits suitable for discrimination are the major plant constituents carbohydrates, lignin, and proteinaceous materials as well as their humification products. The contribution of these compound classes to soil organic matter decreased with the intensity of management. CPMAS and solution ¹³C NMR spectra of soils and humic substances demonstrated that with more intense management, both the intensities of the phenolic region (140–160 ppm) and the aromatic region (110–140 ppm) decreased. The combination of both independent methods MS and NMR, together with microbiological and biochemical data, yields the general result that intensive soil management leads to a less active humus.  相似文献   

Denitrification losses from an Inceptisol field treated with mineral fertilizer or sewage sludge     

G. Benckiser  G. Gaus  K.-M. Syring  K. Haider  D. Sauerbeck 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1987,150(4):241-248

In order to evaluate the climatic and soil variables which control the denitrification processes in the field, measurements of N₂O-losses using the C₂H₂ inhibition technique were carried out in an Inceptisol cropped with spring wheat. The silty sand was amended with mineral fertilizer (120 kg N ha^?1) or additionally with sewage sludge (620 kg total N ha^?1). Soil temperature, moisture, nitrate and available carbon, the release of nitrous oxide (N₂O) from the soil surface as well as the N₂O concentrations along the soil profile were measured from March until November 1985 The N₂O surface fluxes from the inorganically fertilized field were well correlated with those from the sewage sludge amended plots (r = 0.76). Multivariate correlation analyses show that particularly soil moisture and nitrate content had a significant effect on the nitrate respiration. The correlation with the soil water content was more clearly expressed by the N₂O surface fluxes than by the N₂O concentrations of the soil air. The N₂O surface fluxes during 1985 totalled about 3 kg N ha^?1 in the minerally fertilized field. Sewage sludge amendments increased the N₂O evolution by 5 times. Spatial variability was high and the N₂O surface fluxes were not well correlated (r = 0.4) with the N₂O concentrations in the soil atmosphere. These experiments provide the background data for a denitrification model and better knowledge about the variables which have to be considered for its validation.  相似文献   

Decomposition of ¹⁴C-labelled melanoid fungal residues in a marginally sodic soil     

K.A. Malik  K. Haider 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1982,14(5):457-460

Three melanoid fungi, namely Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata and Drechslera australiensis were grown on ¹⁴C-glucose and then fractionated into cell wall, cytoplasm and melanin. The decomposition of these fractions and their contribution to the stable organic matter fraction was studied in a marginally sodic soil. The rate of decomposition of fungal melanins was less than that of the cell wall or cytoplasm which had the highest rate of decomposition. However, the contribution of these fractions to the humic acid fraction was very low. Most of the ¹⁴C-activity was recovered in the humin fraction.  相似文献