Diagnosis of Taxus (yew) poisoning in a horse.     

Asheesh K Tiwary  Birgit Puschner  Hailu Kinde  Elizabeth R Tor 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(3):252-255

A 2-year-old bay Thoroughbred colt was found dead overnight in its stall without a known history of any illness, existing disease, or toxicant exposure. No information on the clinical signs before this animal's death was reported. A full necropsy was performed the next morning and revealed a mild to moderate degree of endocardial hemorrhages in both ventricles. Microscopic examination of the heart showed an acute mild multifocal necrosis of papillary muscles and ventricles. The stomach content contained approximately 2% Taxus alkaloids as determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the past, diagnosis of Taxus poisoning has been mainly based on history of exposure and the presence of plant parts in the gastrointestinal tract. Pathological lesions associated with Taxus poisoning have not been published for horses. Therefore, this is the first report of cardiac lesions in a horse after lethal exposure to Taxus. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that Taxus exposure needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of horses that die suddenly or have cardiac lesions suggestive of Taxus exposure, even if intact plant parts are not identified in the stomach by the naked eye.  相似文献   

Use of sentinel chickens to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures in noncommercial poultry operations infected with exotic Newcastle disease virus.     

Brian J McCluskey  Brandy Burgess  James Glover  Hailu Kinde  Sharon Hietala 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(3):296-299

The use of sentinel chickens in establishing the negative status of commercial poultry flocks depopulated due to exotic Newcastle disease (END) is considered to be an economically beneficial process. However, the costs and benefits of using sentinel chickens in noncommercial operations are in question. The objective of this study was to use sentinel chickens to evaluate whether adequate cleaning and disinfection coupled with an appropriate time period without susceptible poultry species on the premises would eliminate END virus from a noncommercial poultry operation and preclude the need for placement of sentinels in previously infected operations before declaring them free of virus. Noncommercial poultry operations were selected from the 2002 to 2003 END outbreak database. Operations included in the study had one or more isolations of END virus (ENDV) from cloacal or oropharyngeal swabs of birds on the premises. A total of 546 birds were placed on 53 premises. All sentinel birds sampled after placements were negative by virus detection methods and serologic tests. Results of this study indicate that time and the application of appropriate cleaning and disinfection procedures will adequately mitigate the risk of viable virus persisting in noncommercial poultry operations. In the future, this information may eliminate the need for sentinel bird placement to ensure virus free status of premises before repopulation, thereby decreasing the costs of END eradication.  相似文献   

Bovine fetal encephalitis and myocarditis associated with protozoa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B C Barr  M L Anderson  P C Blanchard  B M Daft  H Kinde  P A Conrad 《The Veterinary record》1990,126(5):120-121

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Viral pathogenesis of a nephrotropic infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial pullets.     

H Kinde  B M Daft  A E Castro  A A Bickford  J Gelb  B Reynolds 《Avian diseases》1991,35(2):415-421

Infectious bronchitis was diagnosed in 3-to-4-week-old pullets from an outbreak in a commercial flock in California. The disease was characterized by head swelling, watery discharge from the eyes and nostrils, and urates in kidneys. Mortality ranged from 1.8% to 12.5% per week. The isolation of a coronavirus from a suspension of pooled kidneys from clinically ill chickens at the fifth passage in 10-day-old chicken embryos, gross and histologic renal lesions, and seroconversion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in inoculated birds suggested that the virus isolated was a nephrotrophic strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The virus isolate was found to be a previously unrecognized serotype, based on virus neutralization tests performed in embryonated chicken eggs. Nephropathogenicity of the IBV isolate was confirmed by inoculation of the viral isolate into specific-pathogen-free chicks and demonstration of renal lesions. The isolation of nephrotropic strains of IBV has not been reported previously from poultry in California.  相似文献   

榆林市谷子种质资源农艺性状综合鉴定与评价     

李振姣  王孟  井苗  强羽竹  付治忠  李海录  王小英  王彩兰 《陕西农业科学》2023,69(7):38-41

本研究对来自不同地理来源的167份谷子种质资源主要农艺性状进行调查和分析,包括株高、穗长、穗粗、单穗重、单穗粒重、千粒重、穗松紧等,比较了不同种质资源间农艺性状的差异。结果表明,千粒重的变异系数最小,为10.96%,单穗重的变异系数最大,为33.76%。参试资源中中矮杆材料较多,占59.88%。长穗材料占总数的28.74%,单穗粒重大于28g的材料占8.5%,千粒重高于3.6g的大粒型资源占到总数的6.3%。鉴定筛选出的优质资源可为本地区育种和推广研究工作提供理论依据。  相似文献   

An association between complete and incomplete stress fractures of the humerus in racehorses.     

S M Stover  B J Johnson  B M Daft  D H Read  M Anderson  B C Barr  H Kinde  J Moore  J Stoltz  A A Ardans 《Equine veterinary journal》1992,24(4):260-263

Twenty-one horses had a complete unilateral humeral fracture during race training or racing at a California racetrack during the period 24 February 1990 to 10 July 1991. Fractures occurred approximately equally in left and right limbs, and in males and females. Most fractures occurred during training, and in 2- and 3-year-old horses. Only 5 of 16 Thoroughbred horses with known racing records had previously raced more than once, and their mean time between races was less than the time between their last race and fracture (P = 0.07). Ten of 13 humeri studied further had gross evidence of periosteal callus bridging one portion of the fracture line, indicative of a pre-existing stress fracture.  相似文献   

Comparison of a Salmonella enteritidis-specific polymerase chain reaction assay to delayed secondary enrichment culture for the detection of Salmonella enteritidis in environmental drag swab samples     

Charlton BR  Walker RL  Kinde BH  Bauer CR  Channing-Santiago SE  Farver TB 《Avian diseases》2005,49(3):418-422

The California Egg Quality Assurance Program uses the delayed secondary enrichment culture method for detecting Salmonella Enteritidis in environmental drag swabs obtained from commercial layer complexes. The turnaround time for this method is variable and is dependent on the prevalence of Salmonella, level of the Salmonella identification, and capabilities of the performing laboratory. On a sample basis, a range of 4 to 8 days is required to identify a Salmonella sp. to the serogroup level. Additional time is required to serotype group D Salmonella isolates. A Salmonella Enteritidis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for use on drag swabs and chick box papers, and had a turnaround time of 3-4 days. The delayed secondary enrichment culture method and the Salmonella Enteritidis-specific PCR assay were compared on 942 drag swab and 85 chick box paper samples submitted from 217 and 22 premises, respectively, as part of the California Egg Quality Assurance Program. The PCR assay identified 43 positive Salmonella Enteritidis samples from 22 premises, whereas the culture method identified 24 group D Salmonella-positive samples from 16 premises. There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the proportion of positive samples as determined by the two assays. Complete serotyping of the group D Salmonella-positive cultures confirmed Salmonella Enteritidis in all but one sample that was identified as Salmonella Jamaica and was negative by the PCR assay.  相似文献   

The occurrence and distribution of Salmonella enteritidis and other serovars on California egg laying premises: a comparison of two sampling methods and two culturing techniques     

Kinde H  Castellan DM  Kass PH  Ardans A  Cutler G  Breitmeyer RE  Bell DD  Ernst RA  Kerr DC  Little HE  Willoughby D  Riemann HP  Snowdon JA  Kuney DR 《Avian diseases》2004,48(3):590-594

Between the summer of 1998 and the winter of 2000, Salmonella analysis was performed on 2128 single and 532 pooled manure drag swabs obtained from 133 California commercial egg laying farms. The isolation of Salmonella from all rows and from all flocks using single or pooled swabs was 80% and 92%, respectively. Hence, there was no statistical difference between single vs. pooled swabs in terms of identifying Salmonella on a row or flock basis. A total of 14 serogroups comprising 44 serotypes were isolated from 123 of 133 farms. When the top 10 serotypes were considered, there was no significant difference in the range of serotypes isolated by the two culturing methods. The overall S. enteritidis prevalence for California flocks was 10.5% (14/133). The overall row prevalence for S. enteritidis for all the farms was 1.1% (24/2128), and the overall pool prevalence was 2.4% (13/532). Sixty percent (12/20) of the S. enteritidis isolates from the positive farms were phage type 4, and 40% (8/20) represented five other phage types (1, 6B, 7, 8, and 28).  相似文献   

Exotic Newcastle disease in California: laboratory response to an animal health emergency          下载免费PDF全文

Hietala S  Kinde H  Crossley BM  Ardans A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2004,45(12):1022

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Allele frequency and likely impact of the glycogen branching enzyme deficiency gene in Quarter Horse and Paint Horse populations     

Wagner ML  Valberg SJ  Ames EG  Bauer MM  Wiseman JA  Penedo MC  Kinde H  Abbitt B  Mickelson JR 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(5):1207-1211

Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED), a fatal condition recently identified in fetuses and neonatal foals of the Quarter Horse and Paint Horse lineages, is caused by a nonsense mutation in codon 34 of the GBE1 gene, which prevents the synthesis of a functional GBE protein and severely disrupts glycogen metabolism. The aims of this project were to determine the mutant GBE1 allele frequency in random samples from the major relevant horse breeds, as well as the frequency with which GBED is associated with abortion and early neonatal death using the tissue archives from veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The mutant GBE1 allele frequency in registered Quarter Horse, Paint Horse, and Thoroughbred populations was 0.041, 0.036, and 0.000, respectively. Approximately 2.5% of fetal and early neonatal deaths in Quarter Horse-related breeds submitted to 2 different US diagnostic laboratories were homozygous for the mutant GBE1 allele, with the majority of these being abortions. Retrospective histopathology of the homozygotes detected periodic acid Schiff's (PAS)-positive inclusions in the cardiac or skeletal muscle, which is characteristic of GBED, in 8 out of the 9 cases. Pedigree and genotype analyses supported the hypothesis that GBED is inherited as a simple recessive trait from a single founder. The frequency with which GBED is associated with abortion and neonatal mortality in Quarter Horse-related breeds makes the DNA-based test valuable in determining specific diagnoses and designing matings that avoid conception of a GBED foal.  相似文献