Zinc and copper status in ewes supplemented with sulfate- and amino acid-complexed forms of zinc and copper   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hatfield PG  Swenson CK  Kott RW  Ansotegui RP  Roth NJ  Robinson BL 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(1):261-266

Thirty 6-yr-old Targhee ewes were randomly allotted to one of five supplemental treatments to evaluate supplementation effects on liver and fecal Zn and Cu concentrations and serum alkaline phosphatase activity: 1) control, 2) Zn complex, 3) Zn and Cu (ZnCu) complex, 4) Zn sulfate, and 5) ZnCu sulfates. Supplements were administered daily in gelatin capsules for 56 d. Liver biopsies and serum samples were collected every 14 d starting on d 0. Supplemental Zn and Cu levels were formulated to provide 90 mg/kg Zn and 10 mg/kg Cu, respectively, on a daily dry matter intake basis. Form (complex vs sulfate) x type (Zn vs ZnCu) interactions were not detected (P > 0.35). Therefore, contrast statements were used to make the following treatment comparisons: 1) control vs supplement, 2) Zn vs ZnCu, and 3) complex vs sulfate. Ewe BW at the end of the study (P = 0.09) and ewe BW change from beginning to end of the study (P = 0.07) were greater for supplemented than control ewes. Body weight and BW change did not differ between sulfate and complex (P > 0.39) or Zn- and ZnCu- (P > 0.40) supplemented ewes. Liver Cu concentrations did not differ (P = 0.41) between control and supplemented ewes. Liver Cu concentrations were higher (P < 0.10) for ewes supplemented with ZnCu than Zn and complex than sulfate forms of supplement. Liver Zn concentration tended (P = 0.13) to be higher in ZnCu than Zn-supplemented ewes. Liver and fecal Zn concentration were higher (P < 0.06) in ewes fed complex than sulfate supplements. However, serum alkaline phosphatase activity tended (P = 0.12) to be greater in ewes fed sulfate than complex supplements. Supplementing mature ewes with complexed minerals resulted in higher concentrations of Zn and Cu in the liver. In addition, supplemental Cu tended to increase concentrations of Zn in the livers of ewes; however, high levels of supplemental Zn did not negatively impact liver Cu concentrations.  相似文献   

Renal biopsy in the pig.     

P J Hatfield  J S Cameron  A Cadenhead 《Research in veterinary science》1975,19(1):88-89

In the pig, needle renal biopsy proved a safe and simple procedure which caused little discomfort to the animal. It proved a valuable method for following serial changes in renal histology and can therefore be applied to the study of both spontaneous and experimental renal diseases in pigs.  相似文献   

Effects of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate on Post-thaw Dog Semen Quality during in vitro Incubation at 39°C and 22°C     

AI Peña  F Barrio  LA Quintela  PG Herradón 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(6):393-398

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Nitrogen utilization and ruminal fermentation in steers fed soybean meal treated with formaldehyde     

J W Spears  J H Clark  E E Hatfield 《Journal of animal science》1985,60(4):1072-1080

Four rumen-fistulated steers averaging 400 kg in body weight were used in a 4 X 4 Latin square arrangement with 18-d periods to investigate the effect of treating soybean meal (SBM) with formaldehyde on nitrogen (N) utilization and ruminal fermentation. Experimental diets, on a dry matter basis, consisted of 42% corn silage, 48.5% cracked corn-mineral mixture and 9.5% SBM treated with 0, .3, .6 or .9% formaldehyde by weight. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were not affected by treatment. Formaldehyde treatment of SBM resulted in a linear decrease in N digestibility (P less than .005) and urinary N excretion (P less than .01) and a quadratic increase (P less than .05) in N retention. The depression in apparent N digestibility was small when SBM was treated with .3% formaldehyde. This level of formaldehyde treatment also had little effect on in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of SBM. Ruminal ammonia-N concentrations were lower (P less than .05) in steers fed formaldehyde-treated SBM. Ruminal pH was lower (P less than .05) at 6 and 8 h postfeeding while volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher (P less than .05) at 8 and 12 h postfeeding for steers fed untreated SBM. Propionic acid (mol/100 mol) decreased linearly (P less than .05) with increasing level of formaldehyde treatment. Urea-N concentrations in plasma were decreased (P less than .001) and plasma-free essential amino acid concentrations were increased (P less than .10) by formaldehyde treatment. Ruminal disappearance of N from polyester bags containing the SBM supplements was greatly reduced (P less than .005) by formaldehyde treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Effect of level of intake and supplemental barley on marker estimates of fecal output using an intraruminal continuous-release chromic oxide bolus     

P G Hatfield  J W Walker  H A Glimp  D C Adams 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(4):1788-1794

Sixty wethers (average BW = 45 kg) fitted with fecal collection bags were used in four experiments to evaluate the ability of a intraruminal continuous-release chromic oxide bolus to predict fecal DM output. In Exp. 1, 18 wethers housed in metabolism crates were fed barley at either 0, 100, or 200g/d and allowed ad libitum consumption of alfalfa pellets. In Exp. 2, 18 wethers were housed in metabolism crates and fed alfalfa pellets at either 70, 85, or 125% of pre-study ad libitum consumption. In Exp. 3, 12 wethers grazed a sagebrush-bunchgrass range and were individually fed barley at 0 or 200 g/d. In Exp. 4, 12 wethers grazed either an ungrazed (383 kg/ha herbaceous biomass) or a heavily grazed (175 kg/ha herbaceous biomass) sagebrush-bunchgrass range. Experiments 1 and 2 were balanced 3 x 3 Latin squares, and Exp. 3 and 4 were crossover designs. Chromium content was determined in rectal grab samples. Treatment effects were compared using marker-estimated fecal output divided by total fecal collection, multiplied by 100, as the dependent variable. Accuracy of the estimate was verified by comparing marker-estimated fecal output with total fecal collection using a paired t-test. In Exp. 1 and 2, treatments were different (P less than .05). No differences (P greater than .50) were detected in Exp. 3 and 4. In Exp. 1, 2, and 3 accuracy was different (P less than .02) among wethers within study and treatment. Only in Study 4 were minor or no differences (P greater than .09) in accuracy found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Phosphate-induced protein chromatography   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

R A Rimerman  G W Hatfield 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,182(118):1268-1270

High phosphate concentration is shown to cause a large proportion of the proteins of a cell-free extract of Escherichia coli to bind to agarose columns to which L-valine is attached. With a decreasing concentration gradient of potassium phosphate, the proteins elute in relation to their solubility in concentrated ammonium sulfate. This column technique appears to provide a general tool for the purification of proteins.  相似文献   

Empirical analysis and prediction of nitrate loading and crop yield for corn-soybean rotations     

R.W. Malone  L. Ma  T. Meade  P. Heilman  J.L. Hatfield 《Geoderma》2007,140(3):223-234

Nitrate nitrogen losses through subsurface drainage and crop yield are determined by multiple climatic and management variables. The combined and interactive effects of these variables, however, are poorly understood. Our objective is to predict crop yield, nitrate concentration, drainage volume, and nitrate loss in subsurface drainage from a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation as a function of rainfall amount, soybean yield for the year before the corn-soybean sequence being evaluated, N source, N rate, and timing of N application in northeastern Iowa, U.S.A. Ten years of data (1994-2003) from a long-term study near Nashua, Iowa were used to develop multivariate polynomial regression equations describing these variables. The regression equations described over 87, 85, 94, 76, and 95% of variation in soybean yield, corn yield, subsurface drainage, nitrate concentration, and nitrate loss in subsurface drainage, respectively. A two-year rotation under average soil, average climatic conditions, and 125 kg N/ha application was predicted to loose 29, 37, 36, and 30 kg N/ha in subsurface drainage for early-spring swine manure, fall-applied swine manure, early-spring UAN fertilizer, and late-spring split UAN fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate), respectively. Predicted corn yields were 10.0 and 9.7 Mg/ha for the swine manure and UAN sources applied at 125 kg N/ha. Timing of application (i.e., fall or spring) did not significantly affect corn yield. These results confirm other research suggesting that manure application can result in less nitrate leaching than UAN (e.g., 29 vs. 36 kg N/ha), and that spring application reduces nitrate leaching compared to fall application (e.g., 29 vs. 37 kg N/ha). The regression equations improve our understanding of nitrate leaching; offer a simple method to quantify potential N losses from Midwestern corn-soybean rotations under the climate, soil, and management conditions of the Nashua field experiment; and are a step toward development of easy to use N management tools.  相似文献   

Methyl esterification divergently affects the degradability of pectic uronosyls in nonlignified and lignified maize cell walls     

Grabber JH  Hatfield RD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1546-1549

Nonlignified cell walls from Zea mays (L.) cell suspensions were incubated with and without pectin methylesterase (PME) and a portion were artificially lignified to assess how methyl esters influence the release of pectic uronosyls and total sugars from cell walls by fungal enzymes. Treatment with PME reduced uronosyl concentrations from 97 to 92 mg/g, reduced uronosyl methylation from 57% to 21%, and increased Klason lignin concentrations in artificially lignified cell walls from 99 to 116 mg/g. Although PME treatment slightly enhanced uronosyl release from nonlignified cell walls, it reduced uronosyl release from artificially lignified cell walls by 55% after 4 h and by 7% after 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. Pectin hydrolysis in PME treated cell walls was probably impaired by enhanced benzyl ester cross-linking of uronosyls to lignin via quinone methide intermediates. Variations in uronosyl methylation had little effect on the overall release of total sugars from cell walls.  相似文献   

Lignins and ferulate-coniferyl alcohol cross-coupling products in cereal grains     

Bunzel M  Ralph J  Lu F  Hatfield RD  Steinhart H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(21):6496-6502

Plant cell walls containing suberin or lignin in the human diet are conjectured to protect against colon cancer. To confirm the existence of authentic lignin in cereal grain dietary fibers, the DFRC (derivatization followed by reductive cleavage) method was applied to different cereal grain dietary fibers. By cleavage of diagnostic arylglycerol-beta-aryl (beta-O-4) ether linkages and identification of the liberated monolignols, it was ascertained that lignins are truly present in cereal grains. From the ratios of the liberated monolignols coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, it is suggested that lignin compositions vary among cereals. Furthermore, dimeric cross-coupling products, comprising ferulate and coniferyl alcohol, were identified in most cereal fibers investigated. These ferulate 4-O-beta- and 8-beta-coniferyl alcohol cross-coupled structures indicate radical cross-coupling of polysaccharides to lignin precursors via ferulate.  相似文献   

Fermentation of a bacterial cellulose/xylan composite by mixed ruminal microflora: implications for the role of polysaccharide matrix interactions in plant cell wall biodegradability     

Weimer PJ  Hackney JM  Jung HJ  Hatfield RD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(5):1727-1733

Growth of the cellulose-synthesizing bacterium Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 53524 in media supplemented with 5% (w/v) glucose and 0.2% (w/v) of a water-soluble, nearly linear xylan from tobacco stalks resulted in the synthesis of a highly crystalline composite having a xylose/glucose ratio ranging from 0.06 to 0.24. The digestion of one composite (88% cellulose/12% xylan) by mixed ruminal microflora displayed kinetics of gas production similar to those of an unassociated mixture of the two components added in a xylan/cellulose ratio similar to that of the composite. The data suggest that intimate association of xylan and cellulose, as is typically found in secondary plant cell walls, does not inhibit the rate of digestion of the component polysaccharides.  相似文献